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Timing and order of exposure to two echinostome species affect patterns of infection in larval amphibians

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2020

Logan S. Billet Open the ORCID record for Logan S. Billet [Opens in a new window] ,
Vanessa P. Wuerthner ,
Jessica Hua ,
Rick A. Relyea  and
Jason T. Hoverman
Logan S. Billet*
Affiliation:
Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907, USA
Vanessa P. Wuerthner
Affiliation:
Biological Sciences Department, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY13902, USA
Jessica Hua
Affiliation:
Biological Sciences Department, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY13902, USA
Rick A. Relyea
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
Jason T. Hoverman
Affiliation:
Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Logan S. Billet, E-mail: billet.logan@gmail.com
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Abstract

The study of priority effects with respect to coinfections is still in its infancy. Moreover, existing coinfection studies typically focus on infection outcomes associated with exposure to distinct sets of parasite species, despite that functionally and morphologically similar parasite species commonly coexist in nature. Therefore, it is important to understand how interactions between similar parasites influence infection outcomes. Surveys at seven ponds in northwest Pennsylvania found that multiple species of echinostomes commonly co-occur. Using a larval anuran host (Rana pipiens) and the two most commonly identified echinostome species from our field surveys (Echinostoma trivolvis and Echinoparyphium lineage 3), we examined how species composition and timing of exposure affect patterns of infection. When tadpoles were exposed to both parasites simultaneously, infection loads were higher than when exposed to Echinoparyphium alone but similar to being exposed to Echinostoma alone. When tadpoles were sequentially exposed to the parasite species, tadpoles first exposed to Echinoparyphium had 23% lower infection loads than tadpoles first exposed to Echinostoma. These findings demonstrate that exposure timing and order, even with similar parasites, can influence coinfection outcomes, and emphasize the importance of using molecular methods to identify parasites for ecological studies.

Keywords

AmphibianBayesianEchinostomatidaemetacercariaepriority effects
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 147 , Issue 13 , November 2020 , pp. 1515 - 1523
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

Present address: 715 W. State Street Room G004, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.

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