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Validation of a death assay for Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae (L3) using propidium iodide in a rat model (Rattus norvegicus)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 July 2019

Susan I. Jarvi Open the ORCID record for Susan I. Jarvi [Opens in a new window] ,
John Jacob ,
Robert T. Sugihara ,
Israel L. Leinbach ,
Ina H. Klasner ,
Lisa M. Kaluna ,
Kirsten A. Snook ,
M. Kathleen Howe ,
Steven H. Jacquier  and
Ingo Lange
...Show all authors
Susan I. Jarvi*
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
John Jacob
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
Robert T. Sugihara
Affiliation:
USDA APHIS Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Hawaii Field Station, Hilo, HI, USA
Israel L. Leinbach
Affiliation:
USDA APHIS Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Hawaii Field Station, Hilo, HI, USA
Ina H. Klasner
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
Lisa M. Kaluna
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
Kirsten A. Snook
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
M. Kathleen Howe
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
Steven H. Jacquier
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
Ingo Lange
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
Abigail L. Atkinson
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
Ashley R. Deane
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Chris N. Niebuhr
Affiliation:
USDA APHIS Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Hawaii Field Station, Hilo, HI, USA
Shane R. Siers
Affiliation:
USDA APHIS Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Hawaii Field Station, Hilo, HI, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Susan I. Jarvi, E-mail: jarvi@hawaii.edu
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Abstract

Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a pathogenic nematode and the cause of neuroangiostrongyliasis, an eosinophilic meningitis more commonly known as rat lungworm disease. Transmission is thought to be primarily due to ingestion of infective third stage larvae (L3) in gastropods, on produce, or in contaminated water. The gold standard to determine the effects of physical and chemical treatments on the infectivity of A. cantonensis L3 larvae is to infect rodents with treated L3 larvae and monitor for infection, but animal studies are laborious and expensive and also raise ethical concerns. This study demonstrates propidium iodide (PI) to be a reliable marker of parasite death and loss of infective potential without adversely affecting the development and future reproduction of live A. cantonensis larvae. PI staining allows evaluation of the efficacy of test substances in vitro, an improvement upon the use of lack of motility as an indicator of death. Some potential applications of this assay include determining the effectiveness of various anthelmintics, vegetable washes, electromagnetic radiation and other treatments intended to kill larvae in the prevention and treatment of neuroangiostrongyliasis.

Keywords

Angiostrongylus cantonensisautofluorescencenematodeneuroangiostrongyliasispropidium iodiderat lungwormvalidated death assay
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 146 , Issue 11 , September 2019 , pp. 1421 - 1428
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

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