Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T19:21:46.259Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Left Pessimism and Political Science

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2017

Abstract

I examine why contemporary social scientists on the political left are relatively pessimistic about the public arena and its trajectory. To develop an answer, I explore subsidiary questions: What is the evidence of social scientists’ left pessimism? Why is left pessimism not the only plausible stance? Why is left pessimism problematic, and surprising? Why does it nonetheless occur? How can social scientists counter left pessimism?

My evidence comes mainly from research on American racial and ethnic politics, and on the societal use of genomic science. I explain left pessimism as a result largely of the trajectory of social science research since the 1960s, and of the loss of faith in revolutionary inspiration after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. I call on social scientists to reinvigorate optimistic visions, perhaps especially in a political era fraught with dangers to liberal democracy.

Type
Presidential Address
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allport, Gordon. 1981 [1954]. The Nature of Prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Bachrach, Peter and Baratz, Morton. 1962. “Two Faces of Power.” American Political Science Review 56(4): 947–52.Google Scholar
Boehm, Julia, Williams, D. R., Rimm, E. B., Ryff, C., and Kubzansky, L. D.. 2013. “Relation between Optimism and Lipids in Midlife.” American Journal of Cardiology 111(10): 1425–31.Google Scholar
Brokaw, Tom. 2004. The Greatest Generation. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Crenson, Matthew. 1971. The Un-Politics of Air Polution: A Study of Non-Decisionmaking in the Cities. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press.Google Scholar
Dahl, Robert. 1957. “The Concept of Power.” Behavioral Science 2(3): 201–15.Google Scholar
Dahl, Robert. 1961. “The Behavioral Approach in Political Science: Epitaph for a Monument to a Successful Protest.” American Political Science Review 55(4): 763–72.Google Scholar
Dahl, Robert. 2005. Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City. 2d ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Dahrendorf, Ralf. 1996. “Citizenship and Social Class.” In Citizenship Today: The Contemporary Relevance of T.H. Marshall, ed. Bulmer, Martin and Rees, Anthony. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Dawson, Michael. 2011. Not in Our Lifetimes: The Future of Black Politics. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Digiser, Peter. 1992. “The Fourth Face of Power.” Journal of Politics 54(4): 9771007.Google Scholar
Doleac, Jennifer. 2017. “The Effect of DNA Databases on Crime.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 9(1): 165201.Google Scholar
Domhoff, G. William. 2005. Who Rules America? Power, Politics, and Social Change. 5th ed. New York: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
Duster, Troy. 2003. Backdoor to Eugenics, 2d ed. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Fallows, James. 2014. “When Will Genomics Cure Cancer?” The Atlantic, January/February.Google Scholar
Firebaugh, Glenn, Acciai, Francesco, Noah, Aggie, Prather, Christopher J, Nau, Claudia. 2014. “Why the Racial Gap in Life Expectancy Is Declining in the United States.” Demographic Research 31(32): 9751006.Google Scholar
Fish, Stanley. 1982. Is There a Text in This Class? The Authority of Interpretive Communities. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. 1979. Discipline and Punish. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Frank, Barney. 2015. Frank: A Life in Politics from the Great Society to Same-Sex Marriage. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Google Scholar
Galanes, Philip. 2016. “The Roles of a Lifetime.” New York Times, May 8.Google Scholar
Gauchat, Gordon. 2012. “Politicization of Science in the Public Sphere: A Study of Public Trust in the United States, 1974 to 2010.” American Sociological Review 77(2): 167–87.Google Scholar
Gaus, John. 1946. “A Job Analysis of Political Science.” American Political Science Review 40(2): 217–30.Google Scholar
Gaventa, John. 1980. Power and Powerlessness: Quiescence and Rebellion in an Appalachian Valley. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Gilman, Nils. 2007. Mandarins of the Future: Modernization Theory in Cold War America. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Glaude, Eddie Jr. 2016. Democracy in Black: How Race Still Enslaves the American Soul New York: Crown.Google Scholar
Gordon, Milton. 1964. Assimilation in American Life: The Role of Race, Religion and National Origins. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Graham, Carol. 2016. Unhappiness in America. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
Gross, Neil. 2013. Why Are Professors Liberal and Why Do Conservatives Care? Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Gross, Neil and Simmons, Solon. 2014. “The Social and Political Views of American College and University Professors.” In Professors and Their Politics, ed. Gross, Neil and Simmons, Solon. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Harris, Fredrick. 2014. The Price of the Ticket: Barack Obama and Rise and Decline of Black Politics New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hazlett, Abigail, Molden, Daniel C., and Sackett, Aaron M.. 2011. “Hoping for the Best or Preparing for the Worst: Regulatory Focus and Preferences for Optimism and Pessimism in Predicting Personal Outcomes.” Social Cognition 29(1): 7496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirschman, Albert. 1991. The Rhetoric of Reaction: Perversity, Futility, Jeopardy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Hochschild, Jennifer and Einstein, Katherine Levine, 2015. “‘It Isn’t What We Don’t Know That Gives Us Trouble, It’s What We Know That Ain’t So’: Misinformation and Democratic Politics ” British Journal of Political Science 45(3): 467–75.Google Scholar
Hyman, Herbert and Sheatsley, Paul. 1964. “Attitudes toward Desegregation ” Scientific American 211(1): 1623.Google Scholar
Isaac, Jeffrey. 1987. Power and Marxist Theory: A Realist View. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Krieger, Nancy. 2014. “Discrimination and Health Inequities.” International Journal of Health Services 44(4): 643710.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krogstad, Jens. 2016. “Immigrant Naturalization Applications Climb, but Not as Much as Past Years.” Pew Research Center. Available at http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/09/15/immigrant-naturalization-applications-up-since-october-but-past-years-saw-larger-increases/.Google Scholar
Latham, Michael. 2000. Modernization as Ideology: American Social Science and “Nation Building” in the Kennedy Era. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Levin, Yuval. 2014. The Great Debate: Edmund Burke, Thomas Paine, and the Birth of Right and Left. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
“Looking Up.” 2016. The Economist, May 14, 1920.Google Scholar
Lukes, Steven. 2004. Power: A Radical View. 2d ed. London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Massey, Douglas. 2007. Categorically Unequal: The American Stratification System. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Mooney, Chris. 2005. The Republican War on Science. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Mounk, Yascha. 2016. “How Political Science Gets Politics Wrong.” Chronicle of Higher Education, November 4.Google Scholar
Myrdal, Gunnar. 1944. An American Dilemma. New York: Harper & Brothers.Google Scholar
Nes, Lise, Evans, Daniel R., and Segerstrom, Suzanne C.. 2009. “Optimism and College Retention: Mediation by Motivation, Performance, and Adjustment.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 39(8): 1887–912.Google Scholar
Rees, Anthony. 1996. “T.H. Marshall and the Progress of Citizenship.” In Citizenship Today: The Contemporary Relevance of T.H. Marshall, ed. Bulmer, Martin and Rees, Anthony. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Roberts, Dorothy. 2011. Fatal Invention: How Science, Politics, and Big Business Re-Create Race in the Twenty-First Century. New York: New Press.Google Scholar
Roman, John, Walsh, Kelly, Lachman, Pamela, and Yahner, Jennifer. 2012. “Post-Conviction DNA Testing and Wrongful Conviction.” Washington, DC: Urban Institute. Available at http://www.urban.org/research/publication/post-conviction-dna-testing-and-wrongful-conviction/view/full_report.Google Scholar
Sanger-Katz, Margot. 2016. “Bucking a Health Trend, Fewer Kids Are Dying.” New York Times, June 19.Google Scholar
Tavernise, Sabrina. 2016. “Black Americans See Gains in Life Expectancy.” New York Times, May 8.Google Scholar
Tesler, Michael. 2016. Post-Racial or Most-Racial? Race and Politics in the Obama Era. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Weaver, Vesla. 2007. “Frontlash: Race and the Development of Punitive Crime Policy.” Studies in American Political Development 21(2): 230–65.Google Scholar
Yates, Shirley. 2002. “The Influence of Optimism and Pessimism on Student Achievement in Mathematics.” Mathematics Education Research Journal 14(1): 415.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Hochschild supplementary material

Online Appendix

Download Hochschild supplementary material(File)
File 78.2 KB