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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 December 2020
In the progress of Oriental stories westward, a movement which has been, to say the least, far from uncommon, the means and methods of transportation are usually extraordinarily difficult to ascertain. When analogues of tales well-known in the folk and formal literatures of Europe are found in the East, it is easy enough to assume that the parent form of the type was Asiatic in origin; but it is no light task to show the successive stages by which the material passed from the one continent to the other. In cases where the story was adopted by the Christian church at an early date for the moral or religious instruction of its adherents, there is perhaps less difficulty than elsewhere in believing that it was actually transplanted from the East, since the lives of the hermits of the desert, those reservoirs of Christian example, were strongly tinged by Oriental thought.
page 529 note 1 Der gute Gerhard und die dankbaren Todten, 1856.
page 529 note 2 Zum guten Gerhard, Germania (1867) xii, pp. 55–60. Reprinted in Kleinere Schriften, 1890, i, pp. 32–38.
page 529 note 3 Zum guten Gerhard, Germania xii, pp. 310–318.
page 529 note 4 Zur Quellenkunde deutscher Sagen und Märchen, Germania xxv, pp. 274–285.
page 529 note 5 The North-English Homily Collection, 1902, pp. 73–75.
page 529 note 6 Discursos leidos ante la Real Academia Española en la Recepción pública de D. Ramón Menéndez Pidal, 1902, pp. 5–65. Dr. S. Griswold Morley of Harvard drew my attention to this monograph and added to his kindness by lending me his copy.
page 529 note 1 iii, vv. 13652–14115. Analyzed by Benfey, Germania xii, pp. 311–316, and by Menéndez Pidal, pp. 11–17.
page 529 note 2 Macdonell, Sanskrit Literature, 1900, p. 285.
page 529 note 1 Analyzed by Benfey, Germania xii, pp. 317, 318.
page 529 note 2 Macdonell, p. 376.
page 529 note 3 Book I. Analyzed by Simrock, pp. 40–42.
page 529 note 4 Monier-Williams, Indian Epic Poetry, p. 3; Macdonell, p. 309.
page 529 note 1 See Menéndez Pidal, pp. 17–20, for an admirable rapid sketch of the path of the tale from India to the Arabs, Jews, and Christians.
page 529 note 2 I follow the summary of Menéndez Pidal, pp. 20–22. He takes the tale (see p. 59) from F. Guillén Bobles, Leyendas moriscas, 1885, i, pp. 315–322, or from the analysis given by M. Grünbaum, Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sagenkunde, 1893, p. 291, which do not differ essentially.
page 529 note 1 Noted by Köhler, Germania xii, p. 59, after Steinschneider, Catalogus librorum hebraeorum in Bibliotheca Bodleiana, col. 588, from an old collection of stories on the Decalogue. Menéndez Pidal, p. 59, cites it from the Spanish redaction found in M. Grünbaum, Jüdisch-spanische Chrestomathie, 1896, pp. 92–94.
page 529 note 2 Köhler and Menéndez Pidal, as cited.
page 529 note 3 See Köhler, as cited. The story was translated in A. M. Tendlau, Fellmeiers Abende. Märchen und Geschichten aus grauer Vorzeit, 1856, pp. 110 ff., whence it was taken by Köhler, pp. 55–58. Another translation was made by Gaster, Germania xxv, pp. 280–282, from Jellinek, Bethhamidrasch, pp. 136 ff. See Menéndez Pidal, pp. 24, 25, for a summary.
page 529 note 1 See Menéndez Pidal, p. 19, for comment on these changes.
page 529 note 2 I hope soon to publish a new study of these related types.
page 529 note 1 Nachträge zu 1001 Nacht, trans. von Hammer and Zinserling, 1823, i, pp. 281–284. Given by Simrock, pp. 42–45.
page 529 note 2 Menéndez Pidal, p. 26, notes that the second person of the tale changes in the Christian variants, but he does not use The Pious King.
page 529 note 1 P. 27.
page 529 note 2 Migne, Patrologia Cursus Completus Latina, xxiii, col. 22 ff. Analyzed by Simrock, pp. 17–21; Menéndez Pidal, pp. 27, 28. The latter refers to Herolt, Promptuarium Exemplorum, H. 4, and Magnum Speculum Exemplorum, Humilitas, No. 7.
page 529 note 3 Migne, lxxiii, col. 984 and 1140; lxxiv, col. 299. Simrock, pp. 21–23, and Menéndez Pidal, p. 29.
page 529 note 4 Migne, lxxiii, col. 778. Simrock, pp. 23, 24; North-Engl. Hom. Coll., p. 74; Menéndez Pidal, p. 29. On p. 60, the latter refers to Herolt, Prompt. Exemp., M. 11, and Libro de los exemplos, No. 145.
page 529 note 1 See Robert of Brunne's Handlyng Synne, etc., ed. Furnivall, 1862, p. 62 ff. Re-ed. E. E. T. S. 119, 1901, pp. 69 ff.
page 529 note 2 Migne, lxxiii, col. 1006; Scala Celi, by Joannes Junior (Gobius), ed. 1480, Castitas 8. Simroek, pp. 24, 25; North-Engl. Hom. Coll., p. 74; Menéndez Pidal, p. 29. Additional references from the latter: Herolt, Prompt. Ezemp., M. 7, and Magnum Spec. Exempt., Castitas, No. 2.
page 529 note 3 Migne, lxxiii, col. 1170 ff. Simrock, pp. 26–30; North-Engl. Hom. Coll., p. 74. Menéndez Pidal, pp. 31–33, gives the first adventure only, and on p. 60 additional references to Vincent of Beauvais, Speculum Historiale, lib. xiv, cap. 76; Herolt, Prompt. Exemp., M. 8 and 9; and Scala Celi, Misericordia.
page 529 note 1 I cite from the summary by Menéndez Pidal, p. 30, who refers to Herolt, Prompt. Exemp., T. 9; Magnum Spec. Exemp., Judicium temerarium, No. 10, from Vila S. Gregorii Papae, lib. 2, cap. 59; and Libro de los enxemplos, No. 51.
page 529 note 2 Surius, De Probatis Sanctorum Vitis, 1618, iv, pp. 359, 360. In part by Gregory of Tours, Liber de Gloria Confessorum xlv, Migne, lxxi, col. 862. Summary by Simrock, pp. 33–35.
page 529 note 1 In the life of St. Catherine of Alexandria, the hermit Adrian, who has lived sixty years in holiness, declares that he is surpassed in faith by Catherine soon after her conversion. See Capgrave, Life of St. Katharine, ed. Horstmann and Furnivall, E. E. T. S., 100, 1893, Book iii, vv. 855 ff., p. 222. Menéndez Pidal, p. 61, notes that at the end of the Barlaam and Josaphat in the Vitae Patrum it is revealed to Josaphat that he will have the same glory as his father. He believes himself worthy of more, and Barlaam appears to him to rebuke him for such pride.
page 529 note 2 Du Prevost d'Aquilée on d'un Hermite que la Dame Fist Baigner en Aigue Froide, Méon, Nouveau recueil de fabliaux et contes, 1823, ii, p. 187. Simrock, pp. 32, 33. North-Engl. Hom. Coll., p. 74.
page 529 note 1 Miracles de Nostre-Dame, ed. G. F. Warner, Roxb. Club, 1885, No. 71, p. 76.
page 529 note 2 In the homily for the eleventh Sunday after Trinity: ms. Ashmole 42, ff. 155a-156b; ms. Camb. (Univ. Libr.) Gg. V. 31, ff. 97b-101a; ms. Camb. (Univ. Libr.) Dd. I. 1, ff. 159 b-162 b; ms. Lambeth 260, f. 46 a-b; ms. Harl. 2391, ff. 198a-201a; ms. Phillipps 8122, ff. 118a-122a; ms. Phillipps 8254, ff. 116a-120a; ms. Bodl. Libr. Eng. poet. c. 4 (a fragment). Anal. North-Engl. Hom. Coll., p. 73.
page 529 note 1 Prompt. Exemp., A. 7. North-Engl. Hom. Coll., p. 75.
page 529 note 1 Ed. Haupt, 1840. Analyzed by Simrock, pp. 2 ff., and by Gaster, Germania xxv, pp. 275–280.
page 529 note 2 The only other variant, as far as I know, which makes the second person a merchant, is the third adventure of Paphnutius. It tallies with Gerhard in no other way, however.
page 529 note 3 Germania xii, p. 59. Later by Gaster, Germania xxv, p. 280.
page 529 note 4 He produced versions of Barlaam and Josaphat and Eustace, the latter now lost.
page 529 note 5 Chap. iv, Biblioteca de autores españoles li, pp. 37 ff; ed. Knust, 1900, pp. 306 ff. Menéndez Pidal, p. 31.
page 529 note 1 Biblioteca de autores españoles v, pp. 184–203. Summaries by Schaeffer, Geschichte des spanischen Nationaldramas, 1890, i, pp. 345, 346, and Menéndez Pidal, pp. 35–44. For a bibliography of editions, adaptations, and translations, see the latter work, pp. 57, 58.
page 529 note 1 P. 10.
page 529 note 2 See Menéndez Pidal, pp. 44–48, 61–64.
page 529 note 3 From Baader, Badische Volkssagen, No. 301. I have not had access to the book and rely upon Simrock, pp. 38–40.
page 529 note 4 Romania xxxiii, pp. 163–178. Simrock refers to a couple of variants in German folk-literature. I have at my command several other folk versions, but will reserve discussion of the tale for another occasion.
page 529 note 5 Pp. 30–32.