Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T19:47:41.317Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Linear Perspective and the Renaissance Lyric

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 October 2020

Abstract

As recent art historical scholarship has demonstrated, the techniques of linear perspective displace narrative (the artwork's content) in favor of the relations between aesthetic objects (the artwork's form). In this regard, perspectival art performs a rhetorical transaction analogous to that of its “sister art,” lyric poetry. The formal features and poetic strategies of lyric parallel the geometric effects of perspectival art: both practices differentiate the aesthetic surface from the transparentizing demands of narrative. Each art form stages the interaction of irreconcilable terms—content and form—and documents the dynamic and incommensurable relation between semantic meaning and meaninglessness. Lyric's dominance in the Renaissance, exemplified here by sonnets of Sidney and Shakespeare, reflects a wider cultural valorization of the experiential and materializing priorities of the aesthetic, an affirmation of objective, apprehensible elements whose significance is unyoked from the obligation to narrative.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Modern Language Association of America, 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Works Cited

Alberti, Leon Battista. De pictura/On Painting. On Painting and On Sculpture: The Latin Texts of De pictura and De statua, edited and translated by Grayson, Cecil, Phaidon Press, 1972, pp. 31107.Google Scholar
Alpers, Svetlana. The Art of Describing: Dutch Art in the Seventeenth Century. U of Chicago P, 1983.Google Scholar
Amann, Elizabeth. “Petrarchism and Perspectivism in Garcilaso's Sonnets (I, X, XVIII, XXII)”. The Modern Language Review, vol. 108, no. 3, 2013, pp. 863–80.Google Scholar
Arnaudo, Marco. “Optical Illusions and Verbal Emblems in Sir Philip Sidney's Astrophil and Stella and Arcadia. Explorations in Renaissance Culture, vol. 36, no. 1, 2010, pp. 7592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atkinson, James B. “Naïveté and Modernity: The French Renaissance Battle for a Literary Vernacular”. Journal of the History of Ideas, vol. 35, 1974, pp. 179–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bender, John B. Spenser and Literary Pictorialism. Princeton UP, 1972.Google Scholar
Blasing, Mutlu Konuk. Lyric Poetry: The Pain and the Pleasure of Words. Princeton UP, 2007.Google Scholar
Booth, Stephen. Commentary. Shakespeare, pp. 135538.Google Scholar
Braden, Gordon. “Shakespeare's Petrarchism”. Shakespeare's Sonnets: Critical Essays, edited by Schiffer, James, Garland Publishing, 1999, pp. 163–83.Google Scholar
Bryson, Norman. Vision and Painting: The Logic of the Gaze. Macmillan, 1983.Google Scholar
Bryson, Norman. Word and Image: French Painting of the Ancien Régime. Cambridge UP, 1981.Google Scholar
Campo, Roberto. Ronsard's Contentious Sisters: The Paragone between Poetry and Painting in the Worlds of Pierre de Ronsard. U of North Carolina P, 1998.Google Scholar
Cook, Albert. Changing the Signs: The Fifteenth-Century Breakthrough. U of Nebraska P, 1985.Google Scholar
Culler, Jonathan. The Pursuit of Signs: Semiotics, Literature, Deconstruction. 1981. Cornell UP, 2001.Google Scholar
Culler, Jonathan. Theory of the Lyric. Harvard UP, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Culler, Jonathan. “Why Lyric?PMLA, vol. 123, no. 1, Jan. 2008, pp. 201–06.Google Scholar
Damisch, Hubert. The Origin of Perspective. translated by Goodman, John, MIT Press, 1995.Google Scholar
de Man, Paul. Allegories of Reading: Figural Language in Rousseau, Nietzsche, Rilke, and Proust. Yale UP, 1979.Google Scholar
Dubrow, Heather. Deixis in the Early Modern English Lyric: Unsettling Spatial Anchors like “Here,” “This,” “Come.” Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.Google Scholar
Edgerton, Samuel Y. The Mirror, the Window, and the Telescope: How Renaissance Linear Perspective Changed Our Vision of the Universe. Cornell UP, 2009.Google Scholar
Elkins, James. The Poetics of Perspective. Cornell UP, 1994.Google Scholar
Eriksen, Roy. “Alberti, Manetti, and Quattrocento Aesthetics”. Ashes to Ashes: Art in Rome between Humanism and Maniera, edited by Eriksen, and Tschudi, Victor Plahte, Ateneo, 2006, pp. 4969.Google Scholar
Fabry, Frank J. “Sidney's Poetry and Italian Song-Form”. English Literary Renaissance, vol. 3, 1973, pp. 232–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Field, Judith V. The Invention of Infinity: Mathematics and Art in the Renaissance. Oxford UP, 1997.Google Scholar
Field, Judith V. Piero della Francesca: A Mathematician's Art. Yale UP, 2005.Google Scholar
Fineman, Joel. Shakespeare's Perjured Eye: The Invention of Poetic Subjectivity in the Sonnets. U of California P, 1986.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
“Fit | Fytte, N.1”. Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, 2019, www.oed.com/view/Entry/70743.Google Scholar
Friedberg, Anne. The Virtual Window: From Alberti to Microsoft. MIT Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Gent, Lucy. Picture and Poetry, 1560–1620: Relations between Literature and the Visual Arts in the English Renaissance. James Hall, 1981.Google Scholar
Gilman, Ernest B. The Curious Perspective: Literary and Pictorial Wit in the Seventeenth Century. Yale UP, 1978.Google Scholar
Gombrich, E.H. The Heritage of Apelles: Studies in the Art of the Renaissance. Cornell UP, 1976.Google Scholar
Gombrich, E.H. “Meditations on a Hobby Horse,” and Other Essays on the Theory of Art. Phaidon Press, 1963.Google Scholar
Grafton, Anthony. “Historia and Istoria: Alberti's Terminology in Context.” I Tatti: Studies in the Italian Renaissance, vol. 8, 1999, pp. 3768.Google Scholar
Grootenboer, Hanneke. The Rhetoric of Perspective: Realism and Illusion in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Still-Life Painting. U of Chicago P, 2005.Google Scholar
Hagstrum, Jean H. The Sister Arts: The Tradition of Literary Pictorialism and English Poetry from Dryden to Gray. U of Chicago P, 1958.Google Scholar
Heninger, S.K. Jr. “Speaking Pictures: Sidney's Rapprochement between Poetry and Painting”. Sir Philip Sidney and the Interpretation of Renaissance Culture: The Poet in His Time and in Ours, edited by Waller, Gary F. and Moore, Michael D., Croom Helm, 1984, pp. 316.Google Scholar
Hilliard, Nicholas. A Treatise concerning the Arte of Limning, together with a More Compendious Discourse concerning the Art of Liming by Edward Norgate. Edited by Thornton, R.K.R. and Cain, T.G.S., Mid Northumberland Arts Group/Carcanet New Press, 1981.Google Scholar
Horace, . Art of Poetry. Satires, Epistles, and Ars Poetica, translated by Fairclough, H. Rushton, Loeb Classical Library, 2014, pp. 450–89.Google Scholar
Hulse, Clark. The Rule of Art: Literature and Painting in the Renaissance. U of Chicago P, 1990.Google Scholar
Ivins, William M. On the Rationalization of Sight, with an Examination of Three Renaissance Texts on Perspective. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1938. Papers, no. 8.Google Scholar
Janson, H.W.“Ground Plan and Elevation in Masaccio's Trinity Fresco”. Essays in the History of Art, edited by Fraser, Douglas et al., Phaidon Press, 1967, pp. 8388.Google Scholar
Jay, Martin. Downcast Eyes: The Denigration of Vision in Twentieth-Century French Thought. U of California P, 1993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jodogne, Pierre. “La diffusion française des écrits de Leon Battista Alberti”. Moyen Age et Renaissance, edited by Forni, Enrica Simone, Slatkine, 1980, pp. 181–97. Vol. 1 of Mélanges à la mémoire de Franco Simone: France et Italie dans la culture européenne.Google Scholar
Kennedy, William J. The Site of Petrarchism: Early Modern National Sentiment in Italy, France, and England. Johns Hopkins UP, 2003.Google Scholar
Kern, G.F. “Das Dreifaltigkeitsfresko von Santa Maria Novella, eine perspektivisch-architekturgeschichtliche Studie”. Jahrbuch der königlich preussichen Kunstsammlungen, vol. 34, 1913, pp. 3658.Google Scholar
Kingsley-Smith, Jane. “Cupid, Idolatry, and Iconoclasm in Sidney's Arcadia. SEL: Studies in English Literature, 1500–1900, vol. 48, no. 1, 2008, pp. 6591.Google Scholar
Klein, Robert. Form and Meaning: Essays on the Renaissance and Modern Art. translated by Madeline, Jay and Wieseltier, Leon, Viking Press, 1979.Google Scholar
Lee, Rensselaer W. Ut Pictura Poesis: The Humanist Theory of Painting”. The Art Bulletin, vol. 22, no. 4, 1940, pp. 197269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mead, Stephen X. “Shakespeare's Play with Perspective: Sonnet 24, Hamlet, Lear. Studies in Philology, vol. 109, no. 3, Spring 2012, pp. 225–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meek, Richard. Narrating the Visual in Shakespeare. Ashgate, 2009.Google Scholar
Mill, John Stuart. “Thoughts on Poetry and Its Varieties”. The Crayon, vol. 7, no. 4, Apr. 1960, pp. 9397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, Paul Allen. “Sidney, Petrarch, and Ovid; or, Imitation as Subversion”. ELH, vol. 58, no. 3, 1991, pp. 499522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mirollo, James V.“Sibling Rivalry in the Arts Family: The Case of Poetry vs. Painting in the Italian Renaissance”. So Rich a Tapestry: The Sister Arts and Cultural Studies, edited by Hurley, Ann and Greenspan, Kate, Bucknell UP, 1995, pp. 2971.Google Scholar
Netzley, Ryan. Reading, Desire, and the Eucharist in Early Modern Religious Poetry. U of Toronto P, 2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panofsky, Erwin. Perspective as Symbolic Form. translated by Wood, Christopher S., Zone Books, 1997.Google Scholar
Parker, Robert W. “The Art of Sidney's Heroic Impresas”. English Literary Renaissance, vol. 20, no. 3, 1990, pp. 408–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shakespeare, William. Shakespeare's Sonnets. Edited by Booth, Stephen, Yale UP, 1977.Google Scholar
Sidney, Philip. An Apologie for Poetrie. Henry Olney, 1595.Google Scholar
Sidney, Philip. Astrophel and Stella. The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia, Written by Sir Philip Sidney Knight, William Ponsonbie, 1598, pp. 519–69.Google Scholar
Thorne, Alison. Vision and Rhetoric in Shakespeare: Looking through Language. St. Martin's Press, 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trevisan, Sara. “The Impact of the Netherlandish Landscape Tradition on Poetry and Painting in Early Modern England”. Renaissance Quarterly, vol. 66, no. 3, 2013, pp. 866903.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Unglaub, Jonathan. Poussin and the Poetics of Painting: Pictorial Narrative and the Legacy of Tasso. Cambridge UP, 2006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vasari, Giorgio. Le vite de'più eccellentipittori scultori e architettori. Istituto Geografico de Agostini, 1967. 3 vols.Google Scholar
Vena, Michael. “Leon Battista Alberti innovatore del volgare”. Veltro: Rivista della civiltà italiana, vol. 40, nos. 3–4, 1996, pp. 326–30.Google Scholar
Vickers, Nancy. “‘The Blazon of Sweet Beauty's Best’: Shakespeare's Lucrece. Shakespeare and the Question of Teory, edited by Parker, Patricia A. and Hartman, Geoffrey H., Methuen, 1985, pp. 95115.Google Scholar
Wellek, René.“The Parallelism between Literature and the Arts”. English Institute Annual 1941, Columbia UP, 1942, pp. 2963.Google Scholar
Wordsworth, William. “Preface to Lyrical Ballads, 1800”. Lyrical Ballads and Other Poems, 1797–1800, edited by Butler, James and Green, Karen, Cornell UP, 1992, pp. 741–59.Google Scholar