¹ Of this letter I secured photostats through the kindness of Mr. Herbert C. Schulz, Curator of Manuscripts in the collection where it is now to be found. This MS is HM 20027 in the Huntington Library, San Marino, California, by whose permission it is reproduced.

² The Complete Works of Sir Philip Sidney, Vol. iv: The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia, being the original version now for the first time printed: edited by Albert Feuillerat (Cambridge, 1926), p. 402.

³ The letter has abbreviations for que and quod.

⁴ A word blotted out here by Sidney.

⁵ This is clearly Sidney's spelling in his letter to the Camerarii, but Professor Panofsky writes me: “I am afraid that your ‘Dr. Herclesianus’… is a typographical or clerical error for ‘Dr. Herdesianus,’ the misreading of ‘cl’ into ‘d’ being an absolute favorite with scribes and printers.” His suggestion leads to the proper identification of the humanist referred to, and his kindness is gratefully acknowledged.

⁶ The date is given by Feuillerat as 1^o Ja [ ] 1578. The letter is damaged on the right margin, but the lower part of the first two letters of the month remain. These are not Ja but Ma, which might indicate either Martii or Maii. There are in the Stadtbibliothek at Zürich two other letters from Sidney; one of them is dated Londini Kalendis Martii, 1578, while the other is Ex aula regia 10° Martii, 1578. (Cf. Feuillerat, op. cit., iii [1923], 119-121, Letters xxxiii and xxxiv.) In view of the notation on the endorsement, it is probable that this letter was written in May. In PMLA, ix, 3 (September, 1945), 745, n. 135, I referred to this letter and gave the erroneous date of Jan. 1, 1578, misled by Feuillerat.

⁷ Feuillerat, op. cit., iv, viii: “The text is set up from a photograph; the endorsement, which I have not seen, is reproduced from the Catalogue in which Mr. Rudolph Geering of Basel offered the document for sale.” A considerable part of the endorsement at the upper left has been effaced. But Joachim was not Jo. G., as Feuillerat, following Geering, would have it, and the brother who aided in the publication of their father's works was not O., as given by Feuillerat and Geering, but Philippus and the o of the endorsement now left is simply the last letter of that name, in the dative case.

⁸ A word or words missing here.

⁹ After the Jo: there are flourishes to signify Joach.

¹⁰ This notation perhaps records that it was received on May 13, 1578.

¹¹ The German edition was entitled: Hierin sind begriffen vier bücher von menschlicher Proportion, durch Albrechten Dürer von Nürenberg erfunden vnd beschriben, zü nutz allen denen so zü diser kunst lieb tragen. 1528. [It was again published in German at Arnhem in 1603.] The Latin version appeared in 1528, 1532, and 1534 at Nuremberg; in 1535, 1537, and 1557 at Paris. French, Italian, Portuguese, and Dutch translations followed. Cf. Julius Schlosser, Die Kunstliteratur, (Vienna, 1924), p. 241. The example I cite is that in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

¹² Cf. Wilhelm Waetzoldt, Dürer und seine Zeit (Leipzig, 1935), pp. 31-44, plates 1, 5-7, 10-15, 18-20.

¹³ Cf. Konrad Lange and F. Fuhse, Dürers Schriftlicher Nachlass (Halle a. S., 1893), and Moriz Thausing, Dürers Briefe, Tagebücher, und Reime, (Vienna, 1872). (Quellenschriften für Kunstgeschichte, iii.)

¹⁴ “Sed priusquam absoluere ōnia et correcta edere, ut cupierat posset, morte est ereptus, placida illa quidem et optabili, sed profecto, nostro quidem iudicio, praematura. Erat autem si quid omnium in illo viro quod vitij simile videretur, unica infinita diligentia, et in se quoque inquisitrix sæpe parum aequa. Hunc igitur mors ab incepta editione operis sustulit, quam tarnen consumarūt amici ex illius perscriptione. De qua nunc deinceps et de nostra versione pauca dicimus. Ipsum quidem opus geometrico quodam modo elaborari ab illo coeptum, paulo ut non perpolitū et expers tincture literarum, rudiusculum videtur, sed hoc facile ipsius rei bonitate compensatur. Hoc ipse ut se elimante etiam latinum facere vellem, paucis ante quam fato suo fungeretur diebus a me petierat. Neque ego gravatim detuleram illi operam et studiū meum, Sed hāc ei curam et elimandi operis facultatem quæ fert omnia mors abstulit. Postea amici nō solum precibus, sed autoritate sua, cum opus edidissent, a me obtinuerint ut vertendum in linguam latinam susciperem, hancque operam receptam vivo Diirero, navarem mortuo.”

¹⁵ Folio Aij of 1532 edition. Cf. Moriz Thausing, Dürer, Geschichte seines Lebens und seiner Kunst (Leipzig, 1876), 358, n. 2.

¹⁶ Dürer himself recorded that his father came from Hungary, and he wrote that his cousin in Cologne named “Nicolas Dürrer” was there called “Niclas Unger.” (Cf. Lange and Fuhse, op. cit., 13, 109-110). Waetzoldt (op. cit., p. 12) wrote: “Gegen die Annahme: die Dürer seien vormals Angehörige des magyarischen Landvolkes gewesen, spricht das urdeutsche Antlitz des Vaters, so wie es des Sohnes Hebevolle und Ehrfürchtig-genaue Bildnisse zeigen … Am wahrscheinlichsten ist doch, dass die Voreltern Dürers von den deutschen, Kolonisten abstammten, die König Bela iv. nach den Mongoleinfällen (1241) in das verwüstete Ungarn gerufen hatte.” That Dürer's ancestors had not been pure Germans, and that Germany's greatest artist should look it, were facts that had somehow to be explained away in 1935. Thausing, op. cit., p. 500, n. 2, cites Manlius, Loc. com. coll., ii, 67.

¹⁷ Folio Aij. (1532 ed.), Cf. Thausing, op. cit., p. 359, n. 1.

¹⁸ Folio Aiij. Cf. Thausing, op. cit., p. 361, n. 1.

¹⁹ Thausing, op. cit., p. 500, n. 2, cites Manlius, Loc. com. coll., ii, 67.

²⁰ Paul Freher, Theatrum Virorum Eruditione Clarorum (Nuremberg, 1688), p. 1468 (Life of Joachim Camerarius): “Noribergam à Senatu vocatus in Scholâ ibi recens erectâ literas Græcas docuit. Ibidem amicissimè vixit cum Alb. Dürero, Pictore celebri.”

²¹ A work with a very long title, which is usually known as his Institutiones Ceometricae, published at Paris, 1532, by Christian, the father of Andreas Wechel; and a work on fortifications, published at Paris, 1535, by Christian Wechel.

²² Biographical data may be found in Paul Freher, op. cit.; Christian Gottlieb Jöcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexikon (Leipzig, 1750); Nouvelle Biographie Universelle, Vol. viii (Paris, 1854); Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, Vol. iii (Leipzig, 1876).

²³ Konrad Bursian wrote of Joachim Camerarius: “Seinem Freunde Melanchthon, den er sich in seiner Thätigkeit als Lehrer und Schriftsteller zum Vorbild nahm, stand er weder an Umfang des Wissens, noch an Grundlichkeit der Kenntniss der classischen Sprachen und Litteraturen nach, er übertraf ihn entschieden an kritischer Schärfe, so dass er als einer der bedeutendsten, wenn nicht als der allerbedeutendste unter den Philologen Deutschlands im 16. Jahrhundert bezeichnet werden darf.” (Geschichte der classischen Philologie in Deutschland (Munich, 1883), p. 186.)

²⁴ The interest of Friedrich Wilhelm Ritschi in Plautus led him to research in the career of Camerarius, after long neglect. Cf. Ritschl's Kleine Philologische Schriften (Leipzig, 1868), ii, 97 ff., iii, 67 ff.

²⁵ In hoc libello haec insunt. De tractandis equis sine . Conuersio libelli Xenophontis de re equestri in latinum. Historiola rei nummariae, siue de nomismatis Graecorum & Latinorum. Autore I. Camerario. Elaborata ab V. Morhado: Tubingae Sueuorum, 1539.

²⁶ Cf. his Notatio figurarum sermonis in libris quatuor Evangeliorum, et indicata verborum significado, et orationis sententia, ad illorum Scriptorum intelligentiam certiorem, Procurante E. Voegelino: Lipsiae, 1572. This work Dibdin called “one of the scarcest in the world.” (Cf. Thomas Frognall Dibdin, An Introduction to the Knowledge of Rare and Valuable Editions of the Greek and Latin Classics (London, 1827), Vol. II, 309). It was the source of many learned notes in Protestant Bibles of the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

²⁷ Historica narratio de fratrum orthodoxorum ecclesiis in Bohemia, Moravia, et Polonia, nunc primum edita (a Ludovico Camerario), Heidelbergae, 1605; Belli Smalcaldici anno mdxlvi inter Carolum V. Cœs, et Protestantium Duces gesti; Annotatio Rerum Praecipuarum quae acciderunt ab Anno Christi mdl, uqsue ad mdlxi. The latter two works appeared in the Rerum Germanicarum Scriptores of Marquard Freher, Vol. iii, in 1611, published again in 1717, and material was supplied by Joachim's grandson, Ludovicus. Valuable bibliographical notes on the rare works of Joachim Camerarius may be found in Frider. Gotthilf Freytag, Analecta Litteraria (Leipzig, 1750), 187-193, and in his Adparatus Litterarius (Leipzig, 1752), pp. 382-404.

²⁸ Narratio de H. Eobano Hesso, comprehendens mentionem de compluribus illius aetatis doctis & eruditis viris … Epistolae Eobani Hessi ad Camerarium & alios quosdam … Exprimebantur à I. Montano & V. Neubero; Norimbergae, 1553.

²⁹ Reverendissimi et illustrissimi principis … domini Georgii principis Anhalti, Conciones et scripta complectentia Summa verae doctrinae, quae traditur in Ecclesiis repurgatis: prius Germanica lingua in lucem edita; nunc vero … in Latinum sermonem conversa … (Praefatio P. Melanchthonis. Vita … a. J. Camerario. Oratio … de … vita … a P. Melanchthone & J. Carnerario). Witebergae, 1570.

³⁰ De Philippi Melanchthonis ortu, totius vitae curriculo et morte, implicata rerum memorabilium temporis illius hominumque mentione narratio. Excudebat E. Voegelin Constantiensis. Lipsiae, 1566. Liber continens continua serie epistolas P. Melanchthonis scripta annis XXXVIII ad J. Camerarium … nunc primum pio studio … hujus editus. Curante eum exprimendum E. Voegelino, Lipsiae, 1569.

³¹ Hortus Medicus et Philosophicus, Francofurti ad Moenum, 1588; Symbolorum et Emblemata ex Re Herbaria, Nuremberg, 1590; Symbolorum & Emblemata ex Volatilibus et Insectis, Nuremberg, 1596, the last part of which was finished by his son, the jurist Ludovicus Camerarius.

³² Freher, op. cit., p. 1040: “Ex S. Baptismi lavacro susceptus est à Philippo Melanchthone.” His given name derived from that of the “Praeceptor Germaniae,” the intimate friend of his father.

³³ Cf. J. G. Schelhornii de vita, fatis ac mentis P. Camerarii … commentarius. Accedit praeter selecta ex epistolis virorum cel. ad ipsum scriptis ejus relatio de capitivitale Romana et liberatione fere miraculosa, nunc primum e MS. edita, Noribergae, 1740.

³⁴ Operae Horarum Succisivarum sive Meditaliones Hisloricae, Nuremberg, 1599, Francofurti, 1591, 1599, 1602, 1606, 1608, 1609, 1644; French translation, Paris, 1602, 1608, 1610, and Lyons, 1610; English translation by John Molle, London, 1621, 1625.

³⁵ Biographical data on Joachim II, Philippus, Ludovicus, and Joachim III may be found in the works listed under n. 21 above.

³⁶ Viri el. E. Langueti ad Joachimum Camerarium patrem et Joachimum Camerarium filium, medicum scriptae epistolae, Groningae, 1646.

³⁷ Cf. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, xii (Leipzig, 1880), 101, and Paul Freher, op. cit., s.v. Herdesianus, Ch.

³⁸ Malcolm William Wallace, The Life of Sir Philip Sidney (Cambridge, 1915), pp. 112-146, 172-194; H. R. Fox Bourne, Sir Philip Sidney (New York, 1891), pp. 57-86; Edward Arber, Sir Philip Sidney; An Apologie for Poetrie, 1595 (English Reprints, No. 4, London, 1869), p. 4.

³⁹ Languet had been won to the cause of Protestantism at Wittenberg by Melanchthon.

⁴⁰ Wallace, op. cit., p. 125.

⁴¹ It appears that Languet assisted Sidney financially in 1575 and Sidney's brother in 1580, by having Wechel advance them funds on his security. Cf. Steuart A. Pears, The Correspondence of Sir Philip Sidney and Hubert Languet (London, 1845), pp. 93 and 173.

⁴² Huberti Langueti, Epistolae ad Philippum Sydneium (Edinburgh, 1776), ed. David Dalrymple, Lord Hailes. (First printed at Leyden by the Elzevirs, 1646.) Cf. Pears, op. cit., p. 27, for Languet's request (Vienna, Jan. 22, 1574). Pears, ibid., 208 (Padua, Feb. 4, 1574). Sidney replied: “Cum primum Venetias redierim, curabo id fieri aut a Paulo Veronese, aut a Tintoretto qui facilè primas in hac arte tenent.” Pears, op. cit., 211, for a later report from Sidney (Venice, Feb. 26, 1574): “Hodie effigiem meam inchoavit Paulus quidam Veronensis, propter quam oportet ut duos aut tres dies adhuc hie commorer.”

⁴³ Wallace, op. cit., 126.

⁴⁴ Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (Leipzig, 1896), xli, 366-367.

⁴⁵ 'H Nouum Testamentum. Obscuriorum vacuum & quorūdam loquendi generum accuratas partim suas partim aliorum interpretations margini adscripsit Henr. Stephanus [Geneva], 1576. The dedidation contains data of some interest: “nobilissimo & modis omnibus generosissimo iuueni Philippo Sidneo, Henr. Steph. S.D. Annus agitur iam tertius, generosissime Philippe, postquam Graeco libello, vel potius libellulo, qui recentis amicitiae pignus esset, te dona vi: nunc quoque Graecum hunc libellum illius confirmandae ergo, munus, aut munusculum saltern, a me habebis. Sed ilium tibi libellum Argentorati praesens praesenti de manu in manū dedi: hoc autem munusculum eodem offerre modo vetant… Heydelbergae primum videre te mihi contigit, aliquanto post Argentorati: longo post tempore Viennae Austriae: sed Argentorati magna facta est accessio ad illū amorem quo te Heydelbergae prosequebar. Viennae rursum, is etiam quo te Argentorati prosequutus fueram, magnum incrementum cepit.”

⁴⁶ ‘ ‘. Herodiani Histor. Lib. VIII. Excudebat Henricus Stephanus. [Geneva], 1581. The dedication is headed: “Nobiliss. et modis omnibvs Generosissimo Viro, Philippo Sidneo, Henr. Steph. S. D.”

⁴⁷ Morgan MS. 409.

⁴⁸ Cf. n. 33 above.

⁴⁹ Caput xxviii (p. 123).

⁵⁰ P. 123.

⁵¹ P. 124.

⁵² P. 126.

⁵³ Annales Rervm Anglicanarvm, et Hibernicarvm, regnante Elizabetha ad Annvm Salvtis MDLXXXXIX. Gvilielmo Camdeno Avthore (London, 1615), 394. In the English version of the Annals, translated from the French (London, 1625), the story of Zutphen appears on p. 116 of the third book. The Latin original is expanded to read: “And to speake truth, the vertue of this man, his natural magnificent bounty, his adorned literature, and his sweet and milde behauiour, well deserued all this, yea and more.”

⁵⁴ Jo. Alberti Fabricii Bibliotheca Gracea (Hamburg, 1718-28), xiii (1726), 493-533.

⁵⁵ The dedication is: “Generoso et nobili domino, D. Ludovico, Comiti in Wittichstein, Domino suo submisse colendo, Joachimus Camerarius S. D.” This dedication was, however, written eight years earlier: “Lipsiae, die ix Septembris, anno Christi Iesu mdlxx.”

⁵⁶ This work has already been issued by Joachim's usual publisher under the title: Oeconomica scripta quae extant titulo Aristotelis in sermonem latinum conuersa & explicalo, adiunctaque eis interpretatio oeconomici libri Xenophontis, studio & opera Ioach. Camer[arii]. In officina E. Voegelini: Lipsiae (1564).

⁵⁷ Some years later, an additional volume of Joachim's correspondence was issued by another printer in Frankfort: Joachimi Camerarii … epistolarum libri quinque posteriores. Nunc primum a filiis in hoc secundo volumine studiose collectae et ad utilitatem publicam editae … Ex officina Paltheniana, impensis P. Fischeri, Francofurti, 1595.