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Exploring How Lay Rescuers Overcome Barriers to Provide Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Qualitative Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 December 2016

Wenche Torunn Mathiesen ,
Conrad Arnfinn Bjørshol ,
Sindre Høyland ,
Geir Sverre Braut  and
Eldar Søreide
Wenche Torunn Mathiesen*
Affiliation:
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Department of Research and Development, Drøbak, Norway
Conrad Arnfinn Bjørshol
Affiliation:
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Sindre Høyland
Affiliation:
University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway Centre for Risk Management and Societal Safety (SEROS), Stavanger, Norway
Geir Sverre Braut
Affiliation:
Department of Research, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway Stord/Haugesund University College, Haugesund, Norway
Eldar Søreide
Affiliation:
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway Network for Medical Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
*
Correspondence: Wenche Torunn Mathiesen, ICN, MA Stavanger University Hospital Forskningens Hus, Armauer Hansensgate 2 P.O. Box: 8100, 4068 Stavanger, Norway E-mail: wenche.torunn.mathiesen@sus.no
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Abstract

Background

Survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) vary considerably among regions. The chance of survival is increased significantly by lay rescuer cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) before Emergency Medical Services (EMS) arrival. It is well known that for bystanders, reasons for not providing CPR when witnessing an OHCA incident may be fear and the feeling of being exposed to risk. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of why barriers to providing CPR are overcome.

Methods

Using a semi-structured interview guide, 10 lay rescuers were interviewed after participating in eight OHCA incidents. Qualitative content analysis was used. The lay rescuers were questioned about their CPR-knowledge, expectations, and reactions to the EMS and from others involved in the OHCA incident. They also were questioned about attitudes towards providing CPR in an OHCA incident in different contexts.

Results

The lay rescuers reported that they were prepared to provide CPR to anybody, anywhere. Comprehending the severity in the OHCA incident, both trained and untrained lay rescuers provided CPR. They considered CPR provision to be the expected behavior of any community citizen and the EMS to act professionally and urgently. However, when asked to imagine an OHCA in an unclear setting, they revealed hesitation about providing CPR because of risk to their own safety.

Conclusion

Mutual trust between community citizens and towards social institutions may be reasons for overcoming barriers in providing CPR by lay rescuers. A normative obligation to act, regardless of CPR training and, importantly, without facing any adverse legal reactions, also seems to be an important factor behind CPR provision.

MathiesenWT, BjørsholCA, HøylandS, BrautGS, SøreideE. Exploring How Lay Rescuers Overcome Barriers to Provide Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Qualitative Study. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(1):27–32.

Keywords

attitudecardiopulmonary resuscitationemotionsfearout-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Type
Original Research
Information
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine , Volume 32 , Issue 1 , February 2017 , pp. 27 - 32
Copyright
© World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine 2016 

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