Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T07:15:09.921Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The mechanisms and treatment of weight loss in cancer

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2007

Kenneth C. H. Fearon
Kenneth C. H. Fearon
Affiliation:
University Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Lauriston Place, EdinburghEH3 9YW
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
The Sir David Cuthbertson Medal Lecture 1991
Information
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , Volume 51 , Issue 2 , August 1992 , pp. 251 - 265
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1992

References

Balkwill, F., Burke, F., Talbot, D., Tavernier, J., Osborne, R., Naylor, S., Durbin, H. & Fiers, W. (1987). Evidence for tumour necrosis factorkachectin production in cancer. Lancet ii, 1229–1232.Google Scholar
Ball, H. A., Wick, A. N. & Sanders, C. (1957). Influence of glucose antimetabolites on the Walker tumour. Cancer Research 17,235–239.Google Scholar
Beck, S. A., Smith, K. L. & Tisdale, M. J. (1991). Anticachectic and antitumour effect of eicosapentanoic acid and its effect on protein turnover. Cancer Research 51,6089–4093.Google Scholar
Brennan, M. F. (1977). Uncomplicated starvation versus cancer cachexia. Cancer Research 37,2359–2364.Google ScholarPubMed
Brennan, M. F. (1981). Total parenteral nutrition in the cancer patient. New England Journal of Medicine 305, 375–382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brooks, S. L., Neveille, A. M., Rothwell, N. J., Stock, M. J & Wilson, S. (1981). Symptomatic activation of brown–adipose–tissue thermogenesis in cachexia. Bioscience Reports 1,509–517.Google Scholar
Burkinshaw, L., Hull, G. L. & Morgan, D. B. (1978). Assessment of the distribution of protein in the human by in vivo neutron activation analysis. International Symposium on Nuclear Activation Techniques in the Life Sciences, International Atomic Energy Authority Publication no. SM–227139, pp. 787–796. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Authority.Google Scholar
Chlebowski, R. T. (1986). Effect of nutritional support on the outcome of anti–neoplastic therapy. In Nutritional Support for the Cancer Patient, pp. 365–379 [Calman, K. C. and Fearon, K. C. H., editors]. London: W. B. Saunders.Google Scholar
Cohn, H. S., Vartsky, D., Shok, N., Sawitsky, A., Rai, K., Gartenhaus, W., Yasmura, S. & Ellis, K. J. (1982). Changes in body composition of cancer patients following combined nutritional support. Nutrition and Cancer 4,107–119.Google Scholar
Conyers, R. A. J., Need, A. G., Durbridge, T., Harvey, N. O. M., Potenzy, N. & Roffe, A. M. (1979). Cancer, ketosis and parenteral nutrition. Medical Journal of Australia 1,398–399.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cooper, E. H. & Stone, J. (1979). Acute phase reactant proteins in cancer. In Advances in Cancer Research, pp. 1–44 [G., Klein and S., Weinhouse, editors]. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Costa, G., Rowley, P., Aragon, M. & Siebold, J. (1981). Anorexia and weight loss in cancer patients. Cancer Treatment Reports 65, Suppl. 5, 3–7.Google ScholarPubMed
Dinarello, C. A. (1984). Interleukin-1 and the pathogenesis of the acute-phase response. New England Journal of Medicine 311,1413–1418.Google ScholarPubMed
Di Tullio, N. W., Berkoff, C. E., Blank, B., Kostos, V., Stack, E. J & Saunders, H. L. (1974). 3-Mercaptopicolinic acid, an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis. Biochemical Journal 138.387–394.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eden, E., Ekman, L., Bennegard, K., Lindmark, L. & Lundholm, K. (1984). Whole body tyrosine flux in relation to energy expenditure in weight-losing cancer patients. Metabolism 33, 1020–1027.Google Scholar
Emery, P. W., Edwards, R. H. J., Rennie, M. J., Souhemi, R. L. & Halliday, D. (1984 a). Protein synthesis in muscle measured in vivo in cachectic patients with cancer. British Medical Journal 289,584–586.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Emery, P. W., Lowell, L. & Rennie, M. J. (1984 b). Protein synthesis measured in vivo in muscle and liver of cachectic tumour-bearing mice. Cancer Research 44,2779–2784.Google Scholar
Fearon, K. C. H., Borland, W., Preston, T., Tisdale, M. J., Shenkin, A. & Calman, K. C. (1988 a). Cancer cachexia: influence of systemic ketosis on substrate levels and nitrogen metabolism. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 41, 42–48.Google Scholar
Fearon, K. C. H., Hansell, D. T., Preston, T., Plumb, J. A., Davies, J., Shapiro, D., Shenkin, A., Calman, K. C. & Burns, H. J. G. (1988 b). Influence of whole body protein turnover rate on resting energy expenditure in patients with cancer. Cancer Research 48,2590–2595.Google ScholarPubMed
Fearon, K. C. H., McMillan, D. C., Preston, T., Hansell, D. T., Shenkin, A. & Garden, O. J. (1991 a). Whole-body protein turnover and the acute-phase protein response in relation to the survival of colon cancer patients. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 50, 143A.Google Scholar
Fearon, K. C. H., McMillan, D. C., Preston, T., Winstanley, F. P., Cruickshank, A. M. & Shenkin, A. (1991 b). Elevated circulating interleukin-6 is associated with an acute phase response but reduced fixed hepatic protein synthesis in patients with cancer. Annals of Surgery 213, 26–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fearon, K. C. H., Plumb, J. A., Burns, H. J. G & Calman, K. C. (1987). Reduction of the growth rate of the Walker 256 tumour in rats by Rhodamine 6G together with hypoglycaemia. Cancer Research 47,3684–3687.Google Scholar
Fearon, K. C. H., Tisdale, M. J., Preston, T., Plumb, J. A. & Calman, K. C. (1985). Failure of systemic ketosis to control cachexia and the growth rate of the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma in rats. British Journal of Cancer 52,87–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gauldie, J., Richards, C., Harnish, D., Lansdorp, P. & Baumann, H. (1987). Interferon b2/B-cell stimulatory factor type 2 shares identity with monocyte-derived hepatocyte-stimulating factor and regulates the major acute-phase protein response in liver cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 84, 7251–7255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gear, A. R. L. (1974). Rhodamine6G. A potent inhibitor of mitochondria1 oxidative phosphorylation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 249,3628–3637.Google Scholar
Glass, R. E., Fern, E. B. & Garlick, P. J. (1983). Whole body protein turnover before and after resection of colorectal turnours. Clinical Science 64, 101–108.Google Scholar
Gough, D. B., Winstanley, F. P., Fearon, K. C. H. & Carter, D. C. (1992). Regulation of TNF production in healthy humans and in patients with cancer. Archives of Surgery (In the Press).Google Scholar
Heber, D., Chlebowski, R. T., Ishibashi, P. E., Herrold, J. N. & Black, J. B. (1982). Abnormalities in glucose and protein metabolism in non-cachectic lung cancer patients. Cancer Research 42, 4815–4819.Google Scholar
Heymsfield, S. B. & McManus, C. B. (1985). Tissue components of weight loss in cancer patients: A new method of study and preliminary observations. Cancer 55,238–249.Google Scholar
Inagaki, J., Rodriguez, V. – Bodey, G. P. (1974). Causes of death in cancer patients. Cancer 33,568–573.Google Scholar
Jeevanandam, M., Lowry, S. F., Horowitz, G. D. & Brennan, M. F. (1984). Cancer cachexia and protein metabolism. Lancet i, 1423–1426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lampidis, T. J., Bernal, S. D., Summerhayes, I. C & Chen, L. B. (1983). Selective toxicity of rhodamine 1,2,3 in carcinoma cells in vitro. Cancer Research 43, 716–720.Google Scholar
Langstein, H. N., Doherty, G. M., Fraker, D. L., Buresh, C. M. – Norton, J. A. (1991). The role of Gamma-interferon and turnour necrosis factor a in an experimental rat model of cancer cachexia. Cancer Research 51,2302–2306.Google Scholar
McIntosh, J. K., Jablons, D. M., Mule, J. J., Nordan, R. P., Rudikoff, S., Lotze, M. & Rosenberg, S. A. (1989). In vivo induction of 11–6 by administration of exogenous cytokines and detection of de novo serum levels of II-6 in tumour bearing mice. Journal of Immunology 143, 162–167.Google Scholar
Magee, B. A., Potenzy, N., Rafe, A. M. & Conyers, R. A. J. (1979). The inhibition of malignant cell growth by ketone bodies. hAusiralian Journal of Experimental Biology and Medical Science 51, 529–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miles, J. M. & Hammond, M. W. (1983). 3-Hydroxybutyrate to conserve protein during therapeutic starvation. Lancet i, 409.Google Scholar
Miles, J. M., Nissen, S. L., Rizza, R. A., Gerich, J. E. & Haymond, M. W. (1983). Failure of infused β-hydroxybutyrate to decrease proteolysis in man. Diabetes 32, 197–205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nakashima, R. A., Ruggie, M. G. & Pederson, P. L. (1984). Contributions of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation to adenosine 5-tryphosphate production in A530-D hepatoma cells. Cancer Research 44, 5702–5706.Google Scholar
Nixon, D. W., Lawson, D. H., Kutner, M., Ansley, J., Schwartz, M., Heymsfield, S., Chawla, R., Cartwnght, T. H. & Rudman, D. (1981). Hyperalimentation of the cancer patient with protein calorie undernutrition. Cancer Research 41, 2038–2045.Google ScholarPubMed
Pain, V. M., Randall, D. P. & Garlick, P. J. (1984). Protein synthesis in liver and skeletal muscle of mice bearing an ascites tumour. Cancer Research 44,1054–1057.Google Scholar
Pawan, G. L. S. & Semple, S. J. G. (1983). Effect of 3-hydroxybutyrate in obese subjects on very low energy diets and during therapeutic starvation. Lancet i, 15–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pedersen, P. L. (1978). Tumour mitochondria and the bioenergetics of the cancer cell. Progress in Experimental Tumour Research 22,190–273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plumb, J. A., Fearon, K. C. H., Carter, K. B. & Preston, T. (1991). Energy expenditure and protein synthesis rates in an animal model of cancer cachexia. Clinical Nutrition 10, 23–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preston, T., Fearon, K. C. H., Robertson, I., East, B. W. & Calman, K. C. (1987). Tissue loss during severe wasting in lung cancer patients. In In Vivo Body Composition Studies, pp. 60–69 [Ellis, K. J., S., Yasumura and Morgan, W. D. editors]. London: Institute of Physical Sciences in Medicine.Google Scholar
Raynes, J. G. & Cooper, E. H. (1983). Comparison of serum amyloid A protein and C-reactive protein concentrations in cancer and non malignant disease. Journal of Clinical Pathology 36, 798–803.Google Scholar
Selberg, O., McMillan, D. C., Preston, T., Carse, H., Shenkin, A. & Bums, H. J. G. (1990). Palmitate turnover and its response to glucose infusion in weight-losing cancer patients. Clinical Nutrition 9, 150–156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Selby, P., Hobbs, S., Viner, C., Jackson, E., Jones, A., Newell, D., Calvert, A. H., McElwain, T., Fearon, K., Humphreys, J. & Shiga, T. (1987). Tumour necrosis factor in man: Clinical and biological observations. British Journal of Cancer 56,803–308.Google Scholar
Sherry, B. A., Gelin, J., Fong, Y., Marano, M., Wei, H., Cerami, A., Lowry, S. F., Lundholm, K. G. & Moldawer, L. L. (1989). Anticachectin-tumour necrosis factor α antibodies attenuate development of cachexia in tumour models. FASEB Journal 3, 1956–1962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sherwin, R. S., Hendler, R. G. & Felig, P. (1975). Effect of ketone infusion on amino acid and nitrogen metabolism in man. Journal of Clinical Investigation 55, 1382–1390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
te Velde, A. A., Huikbens, R. J. F., Heije, K., de Vries, J. E. & Figdor, C. G. (1990). Interleukin-4 inhibits secretion of 11–1, TNF and 11–6 by human monocytes. Blood 76, 1392–1397.Google Scholar
Tisdale, M. J. (1982). Tumour and host nutrition. Cancer Topics 3, 113.Google Scholar
Tisdale, M. J. & Brennan, R. A. (1983). Loss of acetoacetate coenzyme A transferase activity in tumours of peripheral tissues. British Journal of Cancer 47,293–297.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tisdale, M. J., Brennan, R. A. & Fearon, K. C. H. (1987). Reduction of weight loss and tumour size in a cachexia model by a high fat diet. British Journal of Cancer 56,39–43.Google Scholar
Warburg, O. (1930). Metabolism of Tumours. Translated by F., Dickens. London: Arnold Constable.Google Scholar
Warren, R. S., Starnes, H. F., Gabrolive, J. L., Oettgen, H. F. & Brennan, M. F. (1987). The acute metabolic effects of tumour necrosis factor administration in humans. Archives of Surgery 122, 1396–1400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warren, S. (1932). The immediate causes of death in cancer. American Journal of Medical Science 184, 610–616.Google Scholar
Williams, J. F. & Matthaei, K. I. (1981). Cancer induced body wasting. A review of cancer cachexia and a hypothesis concerning the molecular basis of the condition. Asian Journal of Clinical Science 2, 158–166.Google Scholar