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Barriers to the uptake of computerized cognitive behavioural therapy: a systematic review of the quantitative and qualitative evidence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 September 2008

R. Waller  and
S. Gilbody
R. Waller
Affiliation:
St John's Hospital, NHS Lothian, Scotland, UK
S. Gilbody*
Affiliation:
Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
*
*Address for correspondence: Professor S. Gilbody, Seebohm Rowntree Building, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK. (Email: sg519@york.ac.uk)
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Abstract

Background

Studies of cognitive behavioural therapy delivered by computer (cCBT) show clinical efficacy for treating anxiety and depression, but have not focused on barriers to uptake. Potential barriers include adverse consequences, accessibility and acceptability.

Method

An integrated systematic review was conducted of quantitative and qualitative studies and surveys from multiple electronic databases where computers delivered cCBT for anxiety or depression.

Results

Substantial numbers of potential participants are lost prior to trials commencing with little explanation. Among trial participants, drop-outs may be higher in the cCBT groups (odds ratio 2.03, 95% confidence interval 0.81–5.09). Only a median of 56% completed a full course of cCBT and personal circumstance was a more common cause of drop-out than difficulties with the technology or social background. Risk was rarely assessed in the majority of programs. Significant staff time was needed to support clients. Therapists were more negative about cCBT than clients.

Conclusions

While cCBT is likely to be an effective and acceptable intervention for some people, there are barriers to its uptake that will substantially limit its impact if not addressed. These included investigating the outcome and attitudes of those who do not make it as far as cCBT trials and why so few finish a full course of cCBT.

Keywords

Adverse consequencescognitive behavioural therapycomputerscCBTsystematic review
Type
Review Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 39 , Issue 5 , May 2009 , pp. 705 - 712
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

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