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Differing brain structural correlates of familial and environmental risk for major depressive disorder revealed by a combined VBM/pattern recognition approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 September 2015

N. Opel ,
P. Zwanzger ,
R. Redlich ,
D. Grotegerd ,
K. Dohm ,
V. Arolt ,
W. Heindel ,
H. Kugel  and
U. Dannlowski
N. Opel
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
P. Zwanzger
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany kbo-Inn-Salzach-Hospital, Wasserburg am Inn, Germany
R. Redlich
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
D. Grotegerd
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
K. Dohm
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
V. Arolt
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
W. Heindel
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
H. Kugel
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
U. Dannlowski*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
*
* Address for correspondence: U. Dannlowski, M.A., M.D., Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1 A9, 48149 Münster, Germany. (Email: dannlow@uni-muenster.de)
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Abstract

Background

Neuroimaging traits of either familial or environmental risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) have been interpreted as possibly useful vulnerability markers. However, the simultaneous occurrence of familial and environmental risk might prove to be a major obstacle in the attempt of recent studies to confine the precise impact of each of these conditions on brain structure. Moreover, the exclusive use of group-level analyses does not permit prediction of individual illness risk which would be the basic requirement for the clinical application of imaging vulnerability markers. Hence, we aimed to distinguish between brain structural characteristics of familial predisposition and environmental stress by using both group- and individual-level analyses.

Method

We investigated grey matter alterations between 20 healthy control subjects (HC) and 20 MDD patients; 16 healthy first-degree relatives of MDD patients (FH+) and 20 healthy subjects exposed to former childhood maltreatment (CM+) by using a combined VBM/pattern recognition approach.

Results

We found similar grey matter reductions in the insula and the orbitofrontal cortex in patients and FH+ subjects and in the hippocampus in patients and CM+ subjects. No direct overlap in grey matter alterations was found between FH+ and CM+ subjects. Pattern classification successfully detected subjects at risk for the disease even by strictly focusing on morphological traits of MDD.

Conclusions

Familial and environmental risk factors for MDD are associated with differing morphometric anomalies. Pattern recognition might be a promising instrument in the search for and future application of vulnerability markers for MDD.

Keywords

Childhood maltreatmentdepressionmagnetic resonance imagingmorphometryrisk
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 46 , Issue 2 , January 2016 , pp. 277 - 290
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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