Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-03T03:20:16.411Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Psychotherapeutic interventions for the prevention of suicide re-attempts: a systematic review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 October 2021

Thomas Sobanski Open the ORCID record for Thomas Sobanski [Opens in a new window] ,
Sebastian Josfeld Open the ORCID record for Sebastian Josfeld [Opens in a new window] ,
Gregor Peikert Open the ORCID record for Gregor Peikert [Opens in a new window]  and
Gerd Wagner Open the ORCID record for Gerd Wagner [Opens in a new window]
Thomas Sobanski
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, Thüringen-Kliniken GmbH, Rainweg 68, 07318Saalfeld, Germany Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, 07743Jena, Germany
Sebastian Josfeld
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, 07743Jena, Germany
Gregor Peikert
Affiliation:
Network for Suicide Prevention in Thuringia (NeST), Jena, Germany
Gerd Wagner*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, 07743Jena, Germany Network for Suicide Prevention in Thuringia (NeST), Jena, Germany
*
Author for correspondence: Gerd Wagner, E-mail: wagner.gerd@uni-jena.de
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A history of suicide attempt (SA) is a strong predictor of future suicide re-attempts or suicide. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions specifically designed for the prevention of suicide re-attempts. A systematic search from 1980 to June 2020 was performed via the databases PubMed and Google Scholar. Only randomized controlled trials were included which clearly differentiated suicidal self-harm from non-suicidal self-injury in terms of intent to die. Moreover, psychotherapeutic interventions had to be focused on suicidal behaviour and the numbers of suicide re-attempts had to be used as outcome variables. By this procedure, 18 studies were identified. Statistical comparison of all studies revealed that psychotherapeutic interventions in general were significantly more efficacious than control conditions in reducing the risk of future suicidal behaviour nearly by a third. Separate analyses revealed that cognitive-behavioural therapy as well as two different psychodynamic approaches were significantly more efficacious than control conditions. Dialectical behaviour therapy and elementary problem-solving therapy were not superior to control conditions in reducing the number of SAs. However, methodological reasons may explain to some extent these negative results. Considering the great significance of suicidal behaviour, there is unquestionably an urgent need for further development of psychotherapeutic techniques for the prevention of suicide re-attempts. Based on the encouraging results of this systematic review, it can be assumed that laying the focus on suicidal episodes might be the key intervention for preventing suicide re-attempts and suicides.

Keywords

Suicidal behaviorpsychotherapysuicide re-attemptsself-harmself-injuryreviewmeta-analysiscognitive-behavioral therapydialectical behavior therapyproblem-solving therapypsychodynamic therapy
Type
Review Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 51 , Issue 15 , November 2021 , pp. 2525 - 2540
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

Both authors contributed equally.

References

Andreasson, K., Krogh, J., Wenneberg, C., Jessen, H. K., Krakauer, K., Gluud, C., … Nordentoft, M. (2016). Effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy versus collaborative assessment and management of suicidality treatment for reduction of self-harm in adults with borderline personality traits and disorder-a randomized observer-blinded clinical trial. Depression and Anxiety, 33(6), 520–530. doi:10.1002/da.22472CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Astraud, L. P., Bridge, J. A., & Jollant, F. (2020). Thirty years of publications in suicidology: A bibliometric analysis. Archives of Suicide Research, 1–14. Online ahead of print. doi:10.1080/13811118.2020.1746944Google ScholarPubMed
Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2009). Randomized controlled trial of outpatient mentalization-based treatment versus structured clinical management for borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(12), 1355–1364. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09040539CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive theory and emotional disorders. New York, USA: Meridian.Google Scholar
Beghi, M., Rosenbaum, J. F., Cerri, C., & Cornaggia, C. M. (2013). Risk factors for fatal and nonfatal repetition of suicide attempts: A literature review. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 9, 1725–1736. doi:10.2147/NDT.S40213Google ScholarPubMed
Blum, N., St John, D., Pfohl, B., Stuart, S., McCormick, B., Allen, J., … Black, D. W. (2008). Systems training for emotional predictability and problem solving (STEPPS) for outpatients with borderline personality disorder: A randomized controlled trial and 1-year follow-up. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(4), 468–478. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07071079CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bostwick, J. M., Pabbati, C., Geske, J. R., & McKean, A. J. (2016). Suicide attempt as a risk factor for completed suicide: Even more lethal than we knew. American Journal of Psychiatry, 173(11), 1094–1100. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15070854CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, G. K., Ten Have, T., Henriques, G. R., Xie, S. X., Hollander, J. E., & Beck, A. T. (2005). Cognitive therapy for the prevention of suicide attempts: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Psychiatry, 294(5), 563–570. doi:10.1001/jama.294.5.563CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bryan, C. J., Peterson, A. L., & Rudd, M. D. (2018). Differential effects of brief CBT versus treatment as usual on posttreatment suicide attempts among groups of suicidal patients. Psychiatric Services, 69(6), 703–709. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201700452.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Butler, A. C., Chapman, J. E., Forman, E. M., & Beck, A. T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 17–31. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calati, R., & Courtet, P. (2016). Is psychotherapy effective for reducing suicide attempt and non-suicidal self-injury rates? Meta-analysis and meta-regression of literature data. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 79, 8–20. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.04.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Celano, C. M., Beale, E. E., Mastromauro, C. A., Stewart, J. G., Millstein, R. A., Auerbach, R. P., … Huffman, J. C. (2017). Psychological interventions to reduce suicidality in high-risk patients with major depression: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine, 47(5), 810–821. doi:10.1017/S0033291716002798CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chung, D. T., Ryan, C. J., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D., Singh, S. P., Stanton, C., & Large, M. M. (2017). Suicide rates after discharge from psychiatric facilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Psychiatry, 74(7), 694–702. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.1044Google ScholarPubMed
Cipriano, A., Cella, S., & Cotrufo, P. (2017). Nonsuicidal self-injury: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1946. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01946CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
D'Anci, K. E., Uhl, S., Giradi, G., & Martin, C. (2019). Treatments for the prevention and management of suicide: A systematic review. Annals of Internal Medicine, 171(5), 334–342. doi:10.7326/M19-0869CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davidson, K., Norrie, J., Tyrer, P., Gumley, A., Tata, P., Murray, H., & Palmer, S. (2006). The effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder: Results from the borderline personality disorder study of cognitive therapy (BOSCOT) trial. Journal of Personality Disorders, 20(5), 450–465. doi:10.1521/pedi.2006.20.5.450CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davidson, K. M., Brown, T. M., James, V., Kirk, J., & Richardson, J. (2014). Manual-assisted cognitive therapy for self-harm in personality disorder and substance misuse: A feasibility trial. Psychiatric Bulletin, 38(3), 108–111. doi:10.1192/pb.bp.113.043109CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davidson, K. M., Tyrer, P., Norrie, J., Palmer, S. J., & Tyrer, H. (2010). Cognitive therapy v. usual treatment for borderline personality disorder: Prospective 6-year follow-up. British Journal of Psychiatry, 197(6), 456–462. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.109.074286CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Del Re, A. C., Flückiger, C., Horvath, A. O., Symonds, D., & Wampold, B. E. (2012). Therapist effects in the therapeutic alliance-outcome relationship: A restricted-maximum likelihood meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(7), 642–649. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.07.002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
D’Zurilla, T., & Goldfried, M. (1971). Problem solving and behavior modification. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 78, 107–126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flückiger, C., & Del Re, A. C. (2017). The sleeper effect between psychotherapy orientations: A strategic argument of sustainability of treatment effects at follow-up. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 26(4), 442–444. doi:10.1017/S2045796016000780CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Franklin, J. C., Ribeiro, J. D., Fox, K. R., Bentley, K. H., Kleiman, E. M., Huang, X., … Nock, M. K. (2017). Risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A meta-analysis of 50 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 143(2), 187–232. doi:10.1037/bul0000084CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Free, M. L. (2007). Cognitive therapy in groups: Guidelines and resources for practice. John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., … Lee-Tauler, S. Y. (2020). Inpatient psychiatric care following a suicide-related hospitalization: A pilot trial of Post-Admission Cognitive Therapy in a military medical center. General Hospital Psychiatry, 63, 46–53. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2018.11.006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibbons, J. S., Butler, J., Urwin, P., & Gibbons, J. L. (1978). Evaluation of a social work service for self-poisoning patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 133, 111–118. doi:10.1192/bjp.133.2.111CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gotzsche, P. C., & Gotzsche, P. K. (2017). Cognitive behavioural therapy halves the risk of repeated suicide attempts: Systematic review. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 110(10), 404–410. doi:10.1177/0141076817731904CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gregory, R. J., Chlebowski, S., Kang, D., Remen, A. L., Soderberg, M. G., Stepkovitch, J., & Virk, S. (2008). A controlled trial of psychodynamic psychotherapy for co-occurring borderline personality disorder and alcohol use disorder. Psychotherapy, 45(1), 28–41. doi:10.1037/0033-3204.45.1.28CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guthrie, E., Kapur, N., Mackway-Jones, K., Chew-Graham, C., Moorey, J., Mendel, E., … Tomenson, B. (2001). Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. British Medical Journal, 323(7305), 135–138. doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7305.135CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gysin-Maillart, A., Schwab, S., Soravia, L., Megert, M., & Michel, K. (2016). A novel brief therapy for patients who attempt suicide: A 24-months follow-up randomized controlled study of the attempted suicide short intervention program (ASSIP). Public Library of Science (PLoS) Medicine, 13(3), e1001968. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001968Google Scholar
Hawton, K., & Kirk, J. W. (1989). Problem solving. In Hawton, K., Salkovskis, P. M., Kirk, J. W., et al. (Eds.), Cognitive Behavioural Treatment of Adult Psychological Disorders: A Practical Guide. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hawton, K., McKeown, S., Day, A., Martin, P., O'Connor, M., & Yule, J. (1987). Evaluation of out-patient counselling compared with general practitioner care following overdoses. Psychological Medicine, 17(3), 751–761. doi:10.1017/s0033291700025988CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hawton, K., Witt, K. G., Salisbury, T. L. T., Arensman, E., Gunnell, D., Hazell, P., … van Heeringen, K. (2016). Psychosocial interventions following self-harm in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet, Psychiatry, 3(8), 740–750. doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30070-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Higgins, J. P. T., & Green, S. (2008). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Chichester, England: The Cochrane Collaboration and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobson, R. F. (1985). Forms of feeling. London: Tavistock Publications.Google Scholar
Horvath, A. O., & Symonds, B. D. (1991). Relation between working alliance and outcome in psychotherapy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38(2), 139. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.38.2.139CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Husain, N., Afsar, S., Ara, J., Fayyaz, H., Rahman, R. U., Tomenson, B., … Chaudhry, I. B. (2014). Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: Randomised controlled trial from Pakistan. British Journal of Psychiatry, 204(6), 462–470. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.138370CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hvid, M., Vangborg, K., Sorensen, H. J., Nielsen, I. K., Stenborg, J. M., & Wang, A. G. (2011). Preventing repetition of attempted suicide – II. The Amager project, a randomized controlled trial. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 65(5), 292–298. doi:10.3109/08039488.2010.544404CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jardon, V., Debien, C., Duhem, S., Morgieve, M., Ducrocq, F., & Vaiva, G. (2019). Un exemple de système de veille post-hospitalière des suicidants: VigilanS [An example of post-discharge monitoring after a suicide attempt: VigilanS]. L'Encephale, 45 Suppl 1, S13–S21. doi:10.1016/j.encep.2018.09.009CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klonsky, E. D. (2011). Non-suicidal self-injury in United States adults: Prevalence, sociodemographics, topography and functions. Psychological Medicine, 41(9), 1981–1986. doi:10.1017/S0033291710002497CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klonsky, E. D., May, A. M., & Saffer, B. Y. (2016). Suicide, suicide attempts, and suicidal ideation. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 12, 307–330. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093204CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klonsky, E. D., Victor, S. E., & Saffer, B. Y. (2014). Nonsuicidal self-injury: What we know, and what we need to know. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry-Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie, 59(11), 565–568. Retrieved from <Go to ISI>://WOS:000346375600001.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LaCroix, J. M., Perera, K. U., Neely, L. L., Grammer, G., Weaver, J., & Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M. (2018). Pilot trial of post-admission cognitive therapy: Inpatient program for suicide prevention. Psychological Services, 15(3), 279–288. doi:10.1037/ser0000224CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lin, T. J., Ko, H. C., Wu, J. Y., Oei, T. P., Lane, H. Y., & Chen, C. H. (2019). The effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy skills training group vs. cognitive therapy group on reducing depression and suicide attempts for borderline personality disorder in Taiwan. Archives of Suicide Research, 23(1), 82–99. doi:10.1080/13811118.2018.1436104CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, Y. C., Liu, S. I., Chen, S. C., Sun, F. J., Huang, H. C., Huang, C. R., & Chiu, Y. C. (2020). Brief cognitive-based psychosocial intervention and case management for suicide attempters discharged from the emergency department in Taipei, Taiwan: A randomized controlled study. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 50(3), 688–705. doi:10.1111/sltb.12626CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive Behavior Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder. New York: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Linehan, M. M., Armstrong, H. E., Suarez, A., Allmon, D., & Heard, H. L. (1991). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of chronically parasuicidal borderline patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48(12), 1060–1064. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810360024003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Linehan, M. M., Korslund, K. E., Harned, M. S., Gallop, R. J., Lungu, A., Neacsiu, A. D., … Murray-Gregory, A. M. (2015). Dialectical behavior therapy for high suicide risk in individuals with borderline personality disorder: A randomized clinical trial and component analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Psychiatry, 72(5), 475–482. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.3039Google ScholarPubMed
Lizardi, D., & Stanley, B. (2010). Treatment engagement: A neglected aspect in the psychiatric care of suicidal patients. Psychiatric Services, 61(12), 1183–1191. doi:10.1176/ps.2010.61.12.1183CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lopez-Castroman, J., Perez-Rodriguez Mde, L., Jaussent, I., Alegria, A. A., Artes-Rodriguez, A., Freed, P, … European Research Consortium for Suicide (2011). Distinguishing the relevant features of frequent suicide attempters. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45(5), 619–625. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.09.017CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, D. J., Garske, J. P., & Davis, M. K. (2000). Relation of the therapeutic alliance with outcome and other variables: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(3), 438–450. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10883561.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
May, A. M., & Klonsky, E. D. (2016). What distinguishes suicide attempters from suicide ideators? A meta-analysis of potential factors. Clinical Psychology-Science and Practice, 23(1), 5–20. doi:10.1111/cpsp.12136Google Scholar
McAuliffe, C., McLeavey, B. C., Fitzgerald, T., Corcoran, P., Carroll, B., Ryan, L., … Arensman, E. (2014). Group problem-solving skills training for self-harm: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 204, 383–390. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.101816CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meltzoff, J., & Kornreich, M. (1970). Research in psychotherapy. Atherton: New York, USA.Google Scholar
Mendez-Bustos, P., de Leon-Martinez, V., Miret, M., Baca-Garcia, E., & Lopez-Castroman, J. (2013). Suicide reattempters: A systematic review. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 21(6), 281–295. doi:10.1097/HRP.0000000000000001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & Group, P. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Public Library of Science (PLoS) Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097Google ScholarPubMed
Morley, K. C., Sitharthan, G., Haber, P. S., Tucker, P., & Sitharthan, T. (2014). The efficacy of an opportunistic cognitive behavioral intervention package (OCB) on substance use and comorbid suicide risk: A multisite randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82(1), 130–140. doi:10.1037/a0035310CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mousavi, S. G., Amini, M., Mahaki, B., & Bagherian-Sararoudi, R. (2016). Effect of phone call versus face-to-face follow-up on recurrent suicide attempts prevention in individuals with a history of multiple suicide attempts. Advanced Biomedical Research, 5, 184. doi:10.4103/2277-9175.190990Google ScholarPubMed
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2020). Self-harm in over 8s: long-term management [CG133]. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg133.Google Scholar
Nock, M. K., Borges, G., Bromet, E. J., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M., Beautrais, A., … Williams, D. (2008). Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts. British Journal of Psychiatry, 192(2), 98–105. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=18245022.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nock, M. K., Hwang, I., Sampson, N. A., & Kessler, R. C. (2010). Mental disorders, comorbidity and suicidal behavior: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Molecular Psychiatry, 15(8), 868–876. doi:10.1038/mp.2009.29CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nordentoft, M., Mortensen, P. B., & Pedersen, C. B. (2011). Absolute risk of suicide after first hospital contact in mental disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(10), 1058–1064. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.113CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oquendo, M. A., & Baca-Garcia, E. (2014). Suicidal behavior disorder as a diagnostic entity in the DSM-5 classification system: Advantages outweigh limitations. World Psychiatry, 13(2), 128–130. doi:10.1002/wps.20116CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ose, S. O., Tveit, T., & Mehlum, L. (2021). Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adult psychiatric outpatients – A nationwide study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 133, 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.11.031CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ougrin, D., Tranah, T., Stahl, D., Moran, P., & Asarnow, J. R. (2015). Therapeutic interventions for suicide attempts and self-harm in adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(2), 97–107.e102. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.10.009CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plancke, L., Amariei, A., Danel, T., Debien, C., Duhem, S., Notredame, C. E., … Vaiva, G. (2020). Effectiveness of a French program to prevent suicide reattempt (VigilanS). Archives of Suicide Research, 25(3), 1–12. doi:10.1080/13811118.2020.1735596.Google Scholar
Pratt, D., Tarrier, N., Dunn, G., Awenat, Y., Shaw, J., Ulph, F., & Gooding, P. (2015). Cognitive-behavioural suicide prevention for male prisoners: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine, 45(16), 3441–3451. doi:10.1017/S0033291715001348CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raj, M. A., Kumaraiah, V., & Bhide, A. V. (2001). Cognitive-behavioural intervention in deliberate self-harm. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 104(5), 340–345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riblet, N. B. V., Shiner, B., Young-Xu, Y., & Watts, B. V. (2017). Strategies to prevent death by suicide: Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Psychiatry, 210(6), 396–402. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.116.187799CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rudd, M. D., Bryan, C. J., Wertenberger, E. G., Peterson, A. L., Young-McCaughan, S., Mintz, J., … Bruce, T. O. (2015). Brief cognitive-behavioral therapy effects on post-treatment suicide attempts in a military sample: Results of a randomized clinical trial with 2-year follow-up. American Journal of Psychiatry, 172(5), 441–449. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14070843CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rudd, M. D., Rajab, M. H., Orman, D. T., Joiner, T., Stulman, D. A., & Dixon, W. (1996). Effectiveness of an outpatient intervention targeting suicidal young adults: Preliminary results. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(1), 179–190. doi:10.1037//0022-006x.64.1.179CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salkovskis, P. M., Atha, C., & Storer, D. (1990). Cognitive-behavioural problem solving in the treatment of patients who repeatedly attempt suicide. A controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 871–876. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2289097.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slee, N., Garnefski, N., van der Leeden, R., Arensman, E., & Spinhoven, P. (2008). Cognitive-behavioural intervention for self-harm: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 192(3), 202–211. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.037564CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sobanski, T., Bär, K. J., & Wagner, G. (2015). Neural, cognitive, and neuroimaging markers of the suicidal brain. Reports in Medical Imaging, 8, 71–81. doi:10.2147/RMI.S55532.Google Scholar
Stanley, B., & Brown, G. K. (2008). Safety planning treatment manual to reduce suicide risk: Veteran version. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.Google Scholar
Stanley, B., Brown, G. K., Brenner, L. A., Galfalvy, H. C., Currier, G. W., Knox, K. L., … Green, K. L. (2018). Comparison of the safety planning intervention with follow-up vs usual care of suicidal patients treated in the emergency department. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Psychiatry, 75(9), 894–900. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1776Google ScholarPubMed
Stewart, C. D., Quinn, A., Plever, S., & Emmerson, B. (2009). Comparing cognitive behavior therapy, problem solving therapy, and treatment as usual in a high risk population. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 39(5), 538–547. doi:10.1521/suli.2009.39.5.538CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stoliker, B. E. (2020). The heterogeneity of suicide attempters: An analysis of single- and repeat-suicide attempters among people in custody. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 201, 1–21. doi:10.1177/0093854820983853Google Scholar
Tarrier, N., Haddock, G., Lewis, S., Drake, R., Gregg, L., & So, C. T. G. (2006). Suicide behaviour over 18 months in recent onset schizophrenic patients: The effects of CBT. Schizophrenia Research, 83(1), 15–27. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.12.846CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tolin, D. F. (2010). Is cognitive-behavioral therapy more effective than other therapies? A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(6), 710–720. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.05.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turner, B. J., Austin, S. B., & Chapman, A. L. (2014). Treating nonsuicidal self-injury: A systematic review of psychological and pharmacological interventions. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry-Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie, 59(11), 576–585. doi:10.1177/070674371405901103CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
UN. (2009). World population prospects: The 2008 revision. United Nations Publications: New York, USA.Google Scholar
van Spijker, B. A., van Straten, A., & Kerkhof, A. J. (2014). Effectiveness of online self-help for suicidal thoughts: Results of a randomised controlled trial. Public Library of Science (PLoS) One, 9(2), e90118. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090118Google ScholarPubMed
Wei, S., Liu, L., Bi, B., Li, H., Hou, J., Tan, S., … Liu, Y. (2013). An intervention and follow-up study following a suicide attempt in the emergency departments of four general hospitals in Shenyang, China. Crisis, 34(2), 107–115. doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000181CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weinberg, I., Gunderson, J. G., Hennen, J., & Cutter, C. J. Jr. (2006). Manual assisted cognitive treatment for deliberate self-harm in borderline personality disorder patients. Journal of Personality Disorders, 20(5), 482–492. doi:10.1521/pedi.2006.20.5.482CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
WHO. (2019). Suicide in the world: Global health estimates. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/326948.Google Scholar
Woodford, R., Spittal, M. J., Milner, A., McGill, K., Kapur, N., Pirkis, J., … Carter, G. (2019). Accuracy of clinician predictions of future self-harm: A systematic review and meta-analysis of predictive studies. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 49(1), 23–40. doi:10.1111/sltb.12395CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Sobanski et al. supplementary material

Figure Captions
Download Sobanski et al. supplementary material(File)
File 17.8 KB
Supplementary material: Image

Sobanski et al. supplementary material

Figure S1

Download Sobanski et al. supplementary material(Image)
Image 3.8 MB
Supplementary material: Image

Sobanski et al. supplementary material

Figure S2

Download Sobanski et al. supplementary material(Image)
Image 3.3 MB
Supplementary material: Image

Sobanski et al. supplementary material

Figure S3

Download Sobanski et al. supplementary material(Image)
Image 2.3 MB