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Alpine Evidence for Atmospheric Circulation Patterns in Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Duri Florineth  and
Christian Schlüchter
Duri Florineth
Affiliation:
Institute of Geology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
Christian Schlüchter
Affiliation:
Institute of Geology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 1, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
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Abstract

The configuration of Alpine accumulation areas during the last glacial maximum (LGM) has been reconstructed using glacial–geological mapping. The results indicate that the LGM ice surface consisted of at least three major ice domes, all located south of the principal weather divide of the Alps. This implies that the buildup of the main Alpine ice cover during oxygen isotope stage (OIS) 2 was related to precipitation by dominant southerly atmospheric circulation, in contrast to today's prevalent westerly airflow. Such a reorganization of the atmospheric circulation is consistent with a southward displacement of the Oceanic Polar Front in the North Atlantic and of the associated storm track to the south of the Alps. These results, combined with additional paleoclimate records from western and southern Europe, allow an interpretation of the asynchronous evolution of the different European ice caps during the last glaciation. δ18O stages (OIS) 4 and 3 were characterized by location of the Polar Front north of 46°N (Gulf of Biscay). This affected prevailing westerly circulation and thus, ice buildup in western Scandinavia, the Pyrénées, Vosges, and northern Alps. At the LGM, however, the Polar Front lay at ∼44°N, causing dominating southerly circulation and reduced precipitation in central and northern Europe.

Keywords

LGMAlpsEuropepaleoclimatatologypaleoglaciologyice-surface modelingatmospheric circulation
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 54 , Issue 3 , November 2000 , pp. 295 - 308
Copyright
University of Washington

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