Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T21:43:11.686Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Fossil Coleoptera of the Two Creeks forest Bed, Wisconsin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Alan V. Morgan  and
Anne Morgan
Alan V. Morgan
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
Anne Morgan
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A 21-kg sample of plant detritus from the Two Creeks forest bed at the junction of Kewaunee and Manitowoc Counties, Wisconsin, has produced a small, but well-preserved fauna of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera. Among the Coleoptera the majority of Carabidae (ground beetles) indicate moderately moist to fairly dry, open ground conditions with a sparsely vegetated substrate. Another significant beetle group is represented by the Scolytidae (bark beetles) nearly all of which inhabit spruce. The restricted number of Coleoptera species (21) is believed to represent an in situ assemblage and is part of about 50 taxa. Most of the Coleoptera identified to the species level have a transcontinental distribution, with the exception of two carabids which are extreme western forms, and nearly all reside within the boreal forest. The beetles indicate that the mean July temperature at Two Creeks approximately 11,850 yr B.P. was 14° to 16°C.

Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 12 , Issue 2 , September 1979 , pp. 226 - 240
Copyright
University of Washington

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arnett, R.H., (1973) The Beetles of the United States: A Manual for Identification. American Entomological Institute, Ann Arbor, Mich. Google Scholar
Ashworth, A.C., (1977). A late Wisconsinan Coleopterous assemblage from southern Ontario and its environmental significance. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 14, 1625-1634.Google Scholar
Black, R.F., (1970) Glacial Geology of the Two Creeks Forest Bed, Valderan Type Locality, and Northern Kettle Moraine State Forest. Geological and Natural History Survey, Information Circular 13.Google Scholar
Bright, D.E., (1976) The Bark Beetles of Canada and Alaska. Coleoptera: Scolytidae. The Insects and Arachnids of Canada, Part 2. Canada Department of Agriculture Publication 1576, Information Canada, Ottawa.Google Scholar
Broecker, W.S., Farrand, W.R., (1963). Radiocarbon Age of the Two Creeks Forest Bed, Wisconsin. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 74, 795-802.Google Scholar
Cheney, L.S., (1930). Wisconsin fossil mosses. Bryologist. 33, 66-68.Google Scholar
Cheney, L.S., (1931). More fossil mosses from Wisconsin. Bryologist. 34, 93-94.Google Scholar
Culberson, W.L., (1955). The fossil mosses of the Two Creeks Forest Bed of Wisconsin. The American Midland Naturalist. 54, 452-459.Google Scholar
Edson, L.J., (1967). Handbook for the identification of the forest insects. Coniferous Scolytidae. The genus Scolytus . The Bark Beetles of Canada and Alaska. Bright, D.E., Canada Department of Agriculture Publication 1576. Information Canada, Ottawa.Google Scholar
Evenson, E.B., Eschman, D.F., Farrand, W.R., The “Valders” Problem, Lake Michigan Basin. 1-29 Midwest Friends of the Pleistocene, 22nd Annual Field Conference Guidebook, Ann Arbor, Mich.Google Scholar
Evenson, E.B., Farrand, W.R., Eschman, D.F., (1976). Greatlakean Substage: A replacement for Valderan Substage in the Lake Michigan Basin. Quaternary Research. 6, 411-424.Google Scholar
Fremlin, G., (1974). The National Atlas of Canada. 4th ed. Macmillan Co. of Canada, Ottawa, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources and Information Canada.Google Scholar
Goldthwait, J.W., (1907) The Abandoned Shorelines of Eastern Wisconsin. Wisconsin Geological Survey Bulletin 17.Google Scholar
Kolbe, W., (1969). Käfer im Wirkungsbereich der Roten Waldemeise. Entomolgische Zeitschrift. 79, 269-280.Google Scholar
Lindroth, C.H., (1949). Die Fennoskandischen Carabidae. Thiele, H.U., Carabid Beetles in their Environments. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1977 (Jungl. Venensk. Vitterh. Samh. Handl. Ser. B4 3 ).Google Scholar
Lindroth, C.H., (1961). The ground-beetles (Carabidae, excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska. 2. Opuscula Entomologica Supplementum. 20, 1-200.Google Scholar
Lindroth, C.H., (1963). The ground-beetles (Carabidae, excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska. 3. Opuscula Entomologica Supplementum. 24, 201-408.Google Scholar
Lindroth, C.H., (1966). The ground-beetles (Carabidae, excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska. 4. Opuscula Entomologica Supplementum. 29, 409-648.Google Scholar
Morgan, A., Morgan, A.257., (1973). A preliminary note on the fossil insects in the Two Creeks Forest Bed. The ‘Valders’ Problem, Lake Michigan Basin. Midwest Friends of the Pleistocene, 22nd Annual Field Conference Guidebook, Ann Arbor, Mich. 35-37.Google Scholar
Schweger, C.E., (1969). Pollen analysis of Iola Bog and Paleoecology of the Two Creeks Forest Bed, Wisconsin. Ecology. 50, 859-868.Google Scholar
Schwert, D.P., (1978). Paleoentomological Analyses of Two Postglacial Sites in Eastern North America. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis. University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Google Scholar
Smetana, A., (1971) Revision of the Tribe Quediini of America North of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Vol. 79, Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada.Google Scholar
Smetana, A., (1978) Revision of the Sub-Family Sphaeridiinae of America North of Mexico (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Vol. 105, Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada.Google Scholar
Thiele, H.U., (1977) Carabid Beetles in Their Environments. Springer-Verlag, New York. Google Scholar
West, R.G., (1961). Late and Postglacial Vegetational History in Wisconsin, particularly changes associated with the Valders readvance. American Journal of Science. 259, 766-783.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, L.R., (1932). The Two Creeks Forest Bed, Manitowoc County, Wisconsin. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences Arts and Letters. 27, 31-46.Google Scholar
Wilson, L.R., (1936). Further fossil studies of the Two Creeks Forest Bed, Manitowoc County, Wisconsin. Torrey Botanical Club Bulletin. 63, 317-325.Google Scholar
Wilson, L.R., (1938). The postglacial history of vegetation in northwestern Wisconsin. Rhodora. 40, 137-175.Google Scholar