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Fossil rodents in Mylodon Cave as indicators of late Pleistocene–Holocene environmental evolution in southern Chile

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 August 2021

Ulyses F.J. Pardiñas Open the ORCID record for Ulyses F.J. Pardiñas [Opens in a new window] ,
Luis Borrero ,
Fabiana M. Martin ,
Mauricio Massone  and
Fernando J. Fernández
Ulyses F.J. Pardiñas*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus—CONICET), Boulevard Brown 2915, 9120Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina and Associate Researcher, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Quito, Ecuador
Luis Borrero
Affiliation:
Universidad de Buenos Aires (IMHICIHU-CONICET), Saavedra 15, piso 5° (1083 ACA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Fabiana M. Martin
Affiliation:
Centro de Estudios del Hombre Austral, Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile
Mauricio Massone
Affiliation:
Centro de Estudios del Hombre Austral, Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile
Fernando J. Fernández
Affiliation:
Grupo de Estudios en Arqueometría (GEArq), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires and Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
*
*Corresponding author email address: ulyses@cenpat-conicet.gob.ar
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Abstract

We conducted the first taphonomic and paleoenvironmental study based on late Pleistocene–Holocene small mammal remains recovered from the famous Mylodon Cave (Cerro Benítez area, Última Esperanza, Chile). Most of the analyzed material came from the extensive excavations made by Earl Saxon in 1976. We also studied late Holocene small mammal samples of the neighboring rock shelter Dos Herraduras 1. Analyzed remains were mostly produced by owls, probably living inside the caves. In Mylodon Cave, the higher values of girdle bones are consistent with a windblown litter. We recorded nine species of rodents, seven cricetids, and two caviomorphs; almost all the identified taxa integrate recent local communities. Late Pleistocene–Holocene assemblages are characterized by the chinchilla rat Euneomys, indicating unforested areas around the caves under cold and moist climatic conditions. Middle Holocene amelioration is reflected by incremental rodent species richness, including the first record of taxa clearly associated with forest (e.g., Abrothrix lanosa). Late Holocene assemblages are markedly stable, indicating local conditions similar to the current (historical) environment. Quaternary rodents from Cerro Benítez area do not indicate abrupt environmental changes during middle–late Holocene, but a progressive trend towards forest increase.

Keywords

Cerro BenítezCricetidaeCtenomysDos Herraduras 1EuneomysNothofagus forestPatagonian steppeSaxonÚltima Esperanza
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 105 , January 2022 , pp. 218 - 234
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Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2021

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