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High-resolution insight into the Holocene environmental history of the Burullus Lagoon in northern Nile delta, Egypt

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 November 2021

Leszek Marks Open the ORCID record for Leszek Marks [Opens in a new window] ,
Fabian Welc ,
Barbara Woronko ,
Jarmilla Krzymińska ,
Anna Rogóż-Matyszczak ,
Marcin Szymanek ,
Jakub Holuša ,
Jerzy Nitychoruk ,
Zhongyuan Chen  and
Alaa Salem
...Show all authors
Leszek Marks*
Affiliation:
Polish Geological Institute, National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland University of Warsaw, Faculty of Geology, Warsaw, Poland
Fabian Welc
Affiliation:
Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Institute of Archaeology, Warsaw, Poland
Barbara Woronko
Affiliation:
University of Warsaw, Faculty of Geology, Warsaw, Poland
Jarmilla Krzymińska
Affiliation:
Polish Geological Institute, National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
Anna Rogóż-Matyszczak
Affiliation:
Pope John Paul 2nd State Higher School, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Biała Podlaska, Poland
Marcin Szymanek
Affiliation:
University of Warsaw, Faculty of Geology, Warsaw, Poland
Jakub Holuša
Affiliation:
Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geography, Brno, Czech Republic
Jerzy Nitychoruk
Affiliation:
Pope John Paul 2nd State Higher School, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Biała Podlaska, Poland
Zhongyuan Chen
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
Alaa Salem
Affiliation:
Kafrelsheikh University, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
Abdelfattah Zalat
Affiliation:
Tanta University, Faculty of Science, Tanta, Egypt
*
*Corresponding Author email address: leszek.marks@pgi.gov.pl
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Abstract

The modern Nile delta developed in the Middle and Late Holocene, and at its most northern-central point is situated at the Burullus Lagoon, which is environmentally diverse, including salt marshes, mudflats, and sand plains, and separated from a sea by a sand barrier overtopped with high sand dunes. The lagoon has been fed since the Middle Holocene by the Sebennitic branch of the Nile and marine intrusions through the Bughaz inlet. A sediment core (BO-1) was collected at the northeastern shore of the lagoon and sampled at centennial scale resolution in order to reconstruct the development of the lagoon. The results show that an initial and limited lagoon had developed at the end of the Early Holocene, but after a dry period ca. 7.2 cal ka BP it has been progressively transformed into a marshy area, with occasional inflows of sea water. Lower water level and higher salinity of the Burullus Lagoon at 6.0–5.5 and 4.8–4.2 cal ka BP reflected droughts in the Nile catchment. Thereafter, the river reactivated in the Burullus Lagoon area, and since 2.8 cal ka BP was accompanied by occasional inflows of sea water. Since ca. 0.8 cal ka BP, increased fluvial activity occurred in this part of the Nile delta, which terminated after construction of the Aswan dams in the twentieth century.

Keywords

Eastern MediterraneanClimate changeIntertropical Convergence ZoneLagoonSea-level changeSebennitic branch
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 107 , May 2022 , pp. 87 - 103
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Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2021

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