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AMS and Microprobe Analysis of Combusted Particles in Ice and Snow

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 July 2016

S. R. Biegalski ,
L. A. Currie ,
R. A. Fletcher ,
G. A. Klouda  and
Rolland Weissenbök
S. R. Biegalski
Affiliation:
Surface and Microanalysis Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 USA
L. A. Currie
Affiliation:
Surface and Microanalysis Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 USA
R. A. Fletcher
Affiliation:
Surface and Microanalysis Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 USA
G. A. Klouda
Affiliation:
Surface and Microanalysis Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 USA
Rolland Weissenbök
Affiliation:
Institute for Radium Research and Nuclear Physics, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 17 A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Abstract

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Ice cores and snow pits of the cryosphere contain particles that detail the history of past atmospheric air compositions. Some of these particles result from combustion processes and have undergone long-range transport to arrive in the Arctic. Recent research has focused on the separation of particulate matter from ice and snow, as well as the subsequent analysis of the separated particles for 14C with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and for individual particle compositions with laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA). The very low particulate concentrations in Arctic samples make these measurements a challenge. The first task is to separate the particles from the ice core. Two major options exist to accomplish this separation. One option is to melt the ice and then filter the meltwater. A second option is to sublimate the ice core directly, depositing the particles onto a surface. This work demonstrates that greater control is obtained through sublimation. A suite of analytical methods has been used for the measurement of the carbon in snow and ice. Total carbon was analyzed with a carbon/nitrogen/hydrogen (CHN) analyzer. AMS was used for the determination of carbon isotopes. Since source identification of the carbonaceous particles is of primary importance here, the use of LAMMA was incorporated to link individual particle molecular-structural patterns to the same group of particles that were measured by the other techniques. Prior to this study, neither AMS nor LAMMA had been applied to particles contained in snow. This paper discusses the development and limitations of the methodology required to make these measurements.

Type
Part 1: Methods
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 40 , Issue 1: 16th International Radiocarbon Conference 16-20,1997 Groningen , 1997 , pp. 3 - 10
Copyright
Copyright © The American Journal of Science 

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