Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T08:37:48.477Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

An Archaeometric and Archaeological Approach to Hellenistic-Early Roman Ceramic Workshops in Greece: Contribution to Dating

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 February 2016

Despina Kondopoulou ,
Irene Zananiri ,
Christina Rathossi ,
Emanuela De Marco ,
Vasileios Spatharas  and
Eleni Hasaki
Despina Kondopoulou*
Affiliation:
Department of Geophysics, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 352-1, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
Irene Zananiri
Affiliation:
Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration, 1 Spirou Loui str., Olympic Village (Entrance C), Acharnae 13677, Greece
Christina Rathossi
Affiliation:
Sector of Earth Materials, Department of Geology, University of Patras, Rio Patra 26504, Greece
Emanuela De Marco
Affiliation:
Department of Geophysics, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 352-1, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
Vasileios Spatharas
Affiliation:
Department of Geophysics, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 352-1, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
Eleni Hasaki
Affiliation:
School of Anthropology and Department of Classics, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210030, Tucson, AZ 85712-0030, USA
*
∗ Corresponding author: despi@geo.auth.gr.
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The present article comprises a multidisciplinary archaeometric approach for the study of Hellenistic and Early Roman kilns in Greece. A collection of previously published and new archaeomagnetic data are combined with new results from mineralogical analytical experiments. The sampled material came from four areas, covering different geological contexts: Katerini, Olympiada, and Polymylos in mainland Greece, and the island of Paros. Extensive rock-magnetic experiments, including identification of the dominant ferromagnetic minerals present, their domain state, and mineralogical alterations during laboratory treatments, have been carried out in order to examine the magnetic properties of the studied materials and prove their suitability for reliable archaeomagnetic determinations. Magnetic cleaning provided well-defined archaeomagnetic directions, and archaeointensity measurements were carried out using both the Thellier-Thellier and Triaxe protocols. Information from both magnetic and mineralogical properties referring to firing conditions is further discussed along with archaeological information. Finally, a new dating of the four sites together with other structures of similar age was carried out using the Pavón-Carrasco model.

Keywords

archaeomagnetismmineralogical analysisfiring temperatureceramic workshopHellenistic/Early Roman.
Type
Articles
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 56 , Issue 4 , 2014 , pp. S27 - S38
Copyright
Copyright © 2014 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

References

References

Aidona, E., Scholger, R., Mauritsch, H. J., and Perraki, M., 2008. Remanence acquisition in a Roman-style gold furnace. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 33 (6–7):438–448.Google Scholar
Aidona, E., Kondopoulou, D., Alexandrou, M., and Ioannidis, N., 2010. Archaeomagnetic studies in kilns from N. Greece. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43(4):1888–1897.Google Scholar
Aidona, E., Polymeris, G., Kondopoulou, D., Ioannidis, N., and Macridis, P., 2013. Archaeomagnetic and thermoluminescence dating of historical kilns from N. Greece. IAGA, Mexico, Abstract Volume; pp. 144.Google Scholar
Aitken, M. J., 1999. Archaeological dating using physical phenomena. Reports on Progress in Physics 62(9):1333–1376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Catanzariti, G., McIntosh, G., Gómez-Paccard, M., Ruiz-Martínez, V. C., Osete, M. L., Chauvin, A., and the AARCH Scientific Team, 2008. Quality control of archaeomagnetic determination using a modern kiln with a complex NRM. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 33(6–7):427–437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauvin, A., Garcia, Y., Lanos, Ph, and Laubenheimer, F., 2000. Paleointensity of the geomagnetic field recovered on archaeomagnetic sites from France. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 120(1–2):111–136.Google Scholar
Coe, R. S., Grommé, S. C., and Mankinen, E. A., 1978. Geomagnetic paleointensities from radiocarbon-dated lava flows on Hawaii and the question of the Pacific nondipole low. Journal of Geophysical Research 83(B4):1740–1756.Google Scholar
De Marco, E., 2007. Complete Magnetic and Archaeomagnetic Measurements in Archaeological Sites: Contribution to the SVC for Greece. Ph.D. thesis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, 283 pp. (in Greek and English).Google Scholar
De Marco, E., Spassov, S., Kondopoulou, D., Zananiri, I., and Gerofoka, E., 2008a. Archaeomagnetic study and dating of a Hellenistic site in Katerini (N. Greece). Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 33(6–7):481–495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Marco, E., Spatharas, V., Gómez-Paccard, M., Chauvin, A., and Kondopoulou, D., 2008b. New archaeointensity results from archaeological sites and variation of the geomagnetic field intensity for the last 7 millennia in Greece. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 33(6–7):578–595.Google Scholar
De Marco, E., Tema, E., Lanos, Ph, and Kondopoulou, D., 2014. An updated catalogue of Greek archaeomagnetic data for the last 4500 years and a directional secular variation curve. Studia Geophysica et Geodetica 58(1):127–147.Google Scholar
Donadini, F., Korte, M., and Constable, C. G., 2009. Geomagnetic field for 0–3 ka: 1. New data sets for global modelling. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 10:Q06007, doi:10.1029/2008GC002295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, M. E., 1994. Recent archaeomagnetic investigations in Greece and their geophysical significance. In Proceedings of the 2nd Conference of the Hellenic Geophysical Society; pp. 578–585. Florina, Greece.Google Scholar
Evans, M. E., 2006. Archaeomagnetic investigations in Greece and their bearing on geomagnetic secular variation. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 159(1–2):90–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, M. E., and Kondopoulou, D., 1998. Archaeomagnetism in Macedonia, Greece: A progress report. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 23(9–10):1027–1028.Google Scholar
Evans, M. E., and Mareschal, M., 1988. Secular variation and magnetic dating of fired structures in Greece. In Proceedings of the 26th International Archaeometry Symposium, edited by Farquhar, R. M., Hancock, R. G. V., and Pavlish, L. A.; pp. 75–79. University of Toronto.Google Scholar
Evans, M. E., Jones, R. E., Papamarinopoulos, S., Walton, D., Perreault, J., and Spais, Ch., 1995. New archaeomagnetic results from Greece. In Archaeometry Conference No 2; pp. 313–320. April 19, 1995, Delphi, Greece.Google Scholar
Fisher, R. A., 1953. Dispersion on a sphere. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A 217(1130):195–305.Google Scholar
Genevey, A., Gallet, Y., Constable, C., Korte, M., and Hulot, G., 2008. ArcheoInt: An upgraded compilation of geomagnetic field intensity data for the past ten millennia and its application to recovery of the past dipole moment. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 9:Q04038, doi:10.1029/2007GC001881.Google Scholar
Gómez-Paccard, M., Chauvin, A., Lanos, Ph, Thiriot, J., and Jiménez-Castillo, P., 2006. Archeomagnetic study of seven contemporaneous kilns from Murcia (Spain). Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 157(1–2):16–32.Google Scholar
Gómez-Paccard, M., Chauvin, A., Lanos, Ph, Dufresne, Ph, Kovacheva, M., Hill, M. J., Beamud, E., Blain, S., Bouvier, A., Guibert, P., and Archaeological Working Team, 2012. Improving our knowledge of rapid geomagnetic field intensity changes observed in Europe between 200 and 1400 AD. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 355–356:131–143.Google Scholar
Grim, R. E., 1968. Clay Mineralogy. 2nd edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.Google Scholar
Hasaki, E., 2002. Ceramic Kilns in Ancient Greece: Technology and Organization of Ceramic Workshops. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cincinnati.Google Scholar
Jones, T., 1993. Practical Tips for Potters Making Improved Cooking Stoves. Hofman Systems Engineering, Schiedam, the Netherlands.Google Scholar
Jordanova, N., Kovacheva, M., Hedley, I., and Kostadinova, M., 2003. On the suitability of baked clay for archaeomagnetic studies as deduced from detailed rock-magnetic studies. Geophysics Journal International 153(1):146–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirschvink, J., 1980. The least-squares line and plane and the analysis of paleomagnetic data. Geophysical Journal Royal Astronomical Society 62(3):699–718.Google Scholar
Kondopoulou, D., Gomez-Paccard, M., Aidona, E., Rathosi, C., Carvalo, C., Tema, E., and Eftimiadis, G., 2014. Prehistoric ceramics as recorders of the earth's magnetic field intensity: Case studies from North-Central Greece and a multidisciplinary approach for material selection. Geophysical Research Abstracts 16:EGU2014–9775.Google Scholar
Korte, M., Genevey, A., Constable, C. G., and Schnepp, E., 2005. Continuous geomagnetic field models for the past 7 millennia: 1. A new global data compilation. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 6:Q02H15, doi:10.1029/2004GC000800.Google Scholar
Kovacheva, M., Jordanova, N., and Karloukovski, V., 1998. Geomagnetic field variations as determined from Bulgarian archaeomagnetic data. Part II. The last 8000 years. Survey in Geophysics 19(5):431–460.Google Scholar
Le Goff, M., and Gallet, Y., 2004. A new three-axis vibrating sample magnetometer for continuous high-temperature magnetization measurements: Applications to paleo- and archeointensity determinations. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 229(1–2):31–43.Google Scholar
Le Goff, M., Gallet, Y., Genevey, A., and Warmé, N., 2002. On archaeomagnetic secular variation curves and archeomagnetic dating. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 134(3–4):203–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liritzis, Y., and Thomas, R. C., 1980. Palaeointensity and thermoluminescence measurements on Cretan Kilns from 1300 to 2000 BC. Nature 283(5742):54–55.Google Scholar
Mackenzie, R. C., 1957. Differential Thermal Investigation of Clays. Mineralogical Society, London.Google Scholar
Morales, J., Goguitchaichvili, A., Aguilar-Reyes, B., Pineda-Duran, M., Camps, C., Carvallo, C., and Calvo-Rathert, M., 2011. Are ceramics and bricks reliable absolute geomagnetic intensity carriers? Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 187(3–4):310–321.Google Scholar
Murad, E., and Wagner, U., 1998. Clays and clay minerals: The firing process. Hyperfine Interactions 117(1–4):337–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nodari, L., Marcuz, E., Maritan, L., Mazzoli, C., and Russo, U., 2007. Hematite nucleation and growth in the firing of carbonate-rich clay for pottery production. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 27(16):4665–4673.Google Scholar
Pavón-Carrasco, F. J., Osete, M. L., Torta, J. M., and Gaya-Piqué, L. R., 2009. A regional archeomagnetic model for Europe for the last 3000 years, SCHA. DIF.3K: Applications to archeomagnetic dating. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 10:Q03013, doi:10.1029/2008GC002244.Google Scholar
Pavón-Carrasco, F. J., Osete, M. L., and Torta, J. M., 2010. Regional modelling of the geomagnetic field in Europe from 6000 to 1000 BC. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 11:Q11008, doi:10.1029/2010GC003197.Google Scholar
Pavón-Carrasco, F. J., Rodríguez-González, J., Osete, M. L., and Torta, J. M., 2011. A Matlab tool for archaeomagnetic dating. Journal of Archaeological Science 38:408–419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prévot, M., Mankinen, E. A., Coe, R. S., and Grommé, C. S., 1985. The Steens Mountain (Oregon) geomagnetic polarity transition 2. Field intensity variations and discussion of reversal models. Journal of Geophysical Research 90(B12):10,417–10,448.Google Scholar
Rathossi, C., and Pontikes, Y., 2010a. Effect of firing temperature and atmosphere on ceramics made of NW Peloponnese clay sediments. Part I: Reaction paths, crystalline phases, microstructure and colour. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 30(9):1841–1851.Google Scholar
Rathossi, C., and Pontikes, Y., 2010b. Effect of firing temperature and atmosphere on ceramics made of NW Peloponnese clay sediments: Part II. Chemistry of pyrometamorphic minerals and comparison with ancient ceramics. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 30(9):1853–1866.Google Scholar
Schwedt, A., Mommsen, H., Zacharias, N., Buxeda, I., and Garrigos, J., 2006. Analcime crystallization and compositional profiles—Comparing approaches to detect post-depositional alterations in archaeological pottery. Archaeometry 48(2):237–251.Google Scholar
Shoval, S., Gaft, M., Beck, P., and Kirsh, Y., 1993. The thermal behaviour of limestone and monocrystalline calcite temper during firing and their use in ancient vessels. Journal of Thermal Analysis 40(1):263–273.Google Scholar
Spassov, S., and Hus, J., 2006. Estimating baking temperatures in a Roman pottery kiln by rock magnetic properties: Implications of thermochemical alteration on archaeointensity determinations. Geophysical Journal International 167(2):592–604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spatharas, V., 2005. Archaeomagnetic and Magnetic Measurements in Archaeological Materials in Macedonia and Thraki (N. Greece). Ph.D. thesis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, 179 pp. (in Greek).Google Scholar
Spatharas, V., Kondopoulou, D., Liritzis, I., and Tsokas, G. N., 2000. Archaeointensity results from two ceramic kilns from N. Greece. Journal of the Balkan Geophysical Society 3(4):67–72.Google Scholar
Spatharas, V., Kondopoulou, D., Aidona, E., and Efthimiadis, K. G., 2011. New magnetic mineralogy and archaeointensity results from Greek kilns and baked clays. Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica 55(1):131–157.Google Scholar
Spear, F. S., 1995. Metamorphic Phase Equilibria and Pressure-Temperature-Time Paths. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC, 799 pp.Google Scholar
Stephenson, A., Sadikun, S., Potter, D. K., 1986. A theoretical and experimental comparison of the anisotropies of magnetic susceptibility and remanence in rocks and minerals. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 84(1):185–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tema, E., 2013. Detailed archaeomagnetic study of a ceramic workshop at Kato Achaia: New directional data and archaeomagnetic dating in Greece. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece XLVII:1–10.Google Scholar
Tema, E., and Kondopoulou, D., 2011. Secular variation of the Earth's magnetic field in the Balkan region during the last eight millennia based on archaeomagnetic data. Geophysical Journal International 186(2):603–614.Google Scholar
Tema, E., Gómez-Paccard, M., Kondopoulou, D., and Almar, Y., 2012. Intensity of the Earth's magnetic field in Greece during the last five millennia: New data from Greek pottery. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 202–203:14–26.Google Scholar
Tema, E., Polymeris, G., Morales, J., Goguitchaichvili, A., and Tsaknaki, V., 2014. Dating of ancient kilns: A combined archaeomagnetic and thermoluminescence analysis applied to a brick workshop at Kato Achaia, Greece. Journal of Cultural Heritage, doi:10.1016/j.culher.2014.09.013.Google Scholar
Thellier, E., 1981. Sur la direction du champ magnétique terrestre en France durant les deux derniers millénaires. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 24(2–3):89–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thellier, E., and Thellier, O., 1959. Sur l'intensité du champ magnétique terrestre dans le passé historique et géologique. Annales de Géophysique 15:285–376.Google Scholar
Veitch, R. J., Hedley, I. G., and Wagner, J. J., 1984. An investigation of the intensity of the geomagnetic field during Roman times using magnetically anisotropic bricks and tiles. Archive des Sciences Genève 37(3):359–373.Google Scholar
Whitbread, I. K., 1995. Greek Transport Amphorae: A Petrological and Archaeological Study. Occasional Papers, volume 4, British School at Athens Fitch Laboratory, Exeter, UK, 453 pp.Google Scholar

References (Not Cited in Main Article)

Bessios, M., Adaktylou, F., Athanasiadou, A., Gerofoka, E., Gkagkali, K., and Christakou, M., 2003. Excavations in the north of Pieria Prefecture. Archaeological Excavation in Makedonia and Thraki 17:435–441.Google Scholar
Charalambous, D., Lykiardopoulou, M., Demou, E., and Oikonomou, G., 2006. A group of pottery kilns at Polymyos, Kozani. Manufacturing technology. In Ancient Greek Technology. 2nd International Conference, Athens, October 17–21, 2005, Athens, pp. 213–220 (in Greek, English abstract).Google Scholar
Hasaki, E., 2006. The ancient Greek ceramic kilns and their contribution to the technology and organization of the potters' workshops. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Ancient Greek Technology, edited by Tasios, P. and Palyvou, C, pp. 221–227. Athens.Google Scholar
Hasaki, E., 2010. A stratigraphy of meanings: Integrating antiquities into daily life at Paroikia, Paros. In Archaeology in Situ: Sites, Archaeology, and Communities, edited by Stroulia, A., and Sutton, S. B., pp. 373–396. Lexington.Google Scholar
Hasaki, E., 2012. Ch. 13: Workshops and Technology. In A Companion to Greek Art, edited by Smith, T. J., and Plantzos, D., pp. 255–274. Blackwell, Oxford.Google Scholar
Karamitrou-Mendessidi, G., 2006. The pottery kiln at Polymylos, Kozani. In Ancient Greek Technology. 2nd International Conference, Athens, October 17–21, 2005, Athens, pp. 204–211 (in Greek, English abstract).Google Scholar
Karamitrou-Medessidi, G., and Vatali, M., 2001. Polymylos, Kozani Prefecture, 1999. AEMTH 13:369–398, Thessaloniki (in Greek, English abstract).Google Scholar
Kockel, F., Mollat, H., Walther, H. W., Antoniadis, P., and Ioannidis, K., 1978. The geological Map of Greece in Scale 1:50.000, Sheet “Stratoniki.” I.G.M.E., Athens.Google Scholar
Kourayos, Y., and Hasaki, E., in press. The Early Roman pottery workshop and the earlier phases at Skiada Plot, Paroikia, Paros. Archaeologika Analekta ex Athinon.Google Scholar
Mettos, A., and Koutsouveli, A., 1986. The Geological Map of Greece in Scale 1:50.000, Sheet “Katerini.” I.G.M.E. Publications, Athens.Google Scholar
Papanikolaou, D., 1996. The Geological Map of Greece in Scale 1:50.000, Sheet “Paros.” I.G.M.E. Publications, Athens.Google Scholar
Rice, P. M., 1987. Pottery Analysis. A Sourcebook. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Sismanidis, K., 2000. Archaeological investigations at Mavrolakkas near Olympias in 1999 and 2000. Archaeological Excavations in Makedonia and Thraki 14:347–358.Google Scholar