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Radiocarbon Dating and Stable Isotopic Analysis of Insect Chitin from the Rancho La Brea Tar Pits, Southern California

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 January 2016

A R Holden  and
J R Southon
A R Holden*
Affiliation:
Richard Gilder Graduate School at the American Museum of Natural History, 79th at Central Park West, New York, NY 10024, USA. Entomology Section, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA. George C. Page Museum at the La Brea Tar Pits, 5801 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90036, USA.
J R Southon
Affiliation:
Department of Earth System Science, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
*
*Corresponding author. Email: aholden@amnh.org.
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Abstract

This paper presents the first successful methods for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating of asphalt-impregnated insect chitin from the Rancho La Brea Tar Pits in southern California. A persistent problem with stratigraphic correlation at this site is that asphalt flows are characteristically intermittent and are really discontinuous, which can result in mixing fossils of quite different ages. Direct 14C dating of specimens circumvents this difficulty but requires a pretreatment method that can produce dates from relatively small samples (<10 mg) of insect cuticle, while successfully removing residual asphalt and sample preparation solvents as well as soil carbon contamination. 14C dating accuracy was verified by comparing dates on insect chitin with ages for seeds and twigs compacted during a rapid entrapment event within a separately dated skull of the Western Camel, Camelops hesternus Leidy. All dates fell within a relatively narrow range of ~40,000–44,000 14C yr BP, suggesting that such methods can be used with confidence on other insect material from this site. Insects are often superior paleoenvironmental indicators for establishing precise data points for climate fluctuations. This is because their lifecycles and present-day climate-restricted geographic distributions are well documented, and unlike migrating mammals and birds, insects offer crucial information about the local environment. Our results are therefore potentially significant for studies of paleoecological and paleoclimatic change within the Los Angeles Basin and coastal southern California, as well as reconstruction of entrapment events at Rancho La Brea.

Keywords

Rancho La Brea Tar Pitsradiocarbon datingstable isotopesinsect chitinpaleoecologypaleoclimatetaphonomyPleistoceneHolocene
Type
Research Article
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 58 , Issue 1 , March 2016 , pp. 99 - 113
Copyright
© 2016 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

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