Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T19:15:08.946Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Death and the Cardinal: The Two Bodies of Guillaume d’Estouteville*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Meredith J. Gill
Meredith J. Gill*
Affiliation:
University of Notre Dame
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This article examines the circumstances of the death of Cardinal Guillaume d'Estouteville (d. 1483) and his plans for burial in his Roman church of Sant'Agostino and in the Cathedral of Rouen of which he was archbishop. I argue that the cardinal planned for his body to be interred near the high altar of Sant'Agostino, in a monument since lost, while his heart was to be taken to Rouen and buried in the crossing of the cathedral. By means of an analysis of burial practices in Italy and France, I propose that d'Estouteville's designs anticipated such grandiose sixteenth-century projects as those of Julius II (d. 1513) and Cardinal Georges d'Amboise (d.1510).

Type
Studies
Information
Renaissance Quarterly , Volume 54 , Issue 2 , Summer 2001 , pp. 347 - 388
Copyright
Copyright © Renaissance Society of America 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adinolfi, Pasquale. 1863. La Torre de’ Sanguigni e Santo Apollinare. Rome.Google Scholar
Adinolfi, Pasquale. 1865. La Via Sacra o del Papa. Rome.Google Scholar
Albertini, F. 1972. Opusculum de mirabilibus novae & veteris urbis Romae. (Rome, 1510). Five Early Guides to Rome and Florence. Ed. P. Murray. Farnborough.Google Scholar
Ansani, M. 1994. “'Curiales’ lombardi nel secondo ‘400': appunti su carriere e benefici.“ Roma Capitale (1447-1527). Atti del IV Convegno di Studio del Centro Studi sulla Civilta del Tardo Medioevo. Ed. Sergio Gensini. Pisa.Google Scholar
Aubert, M., and M. Desfayes. 1947. “Les tombeaux de coeur et d'entrailles en France, au moyen age.” Bulletin des Mustes de France 12.8: 18–20.Google Scholar
Aubert, M., and M. Chirol. 1947. “Le Chateau de Gaillon.” Bulletin des Musées de France 12.8: 21–23.Google Scholar
Augustine. 1981. Confessionum Libri XIII. (Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina, XXVII Sancti Augustini.) Turnhout. (English translation: R. S. Pine-Coffin, London, 1961).Google Scholar
Baudier, Michel. 1634. Histoire de I'Administration du Cardinal dAmboise, Grand Ministre d'Estat en France. Paris.Google Scholar
Beaurepaire, Charles de Robillard de. 1868. Inventaire-Sommaire des Archives Départementales antérieures à 1790, Seine-Inférieure, Archives Ecclésiastiques. 3 vols. Paris.Google Scholar
Beaurepaire, Charles de Robillard de. 1887. Inventaire-Sommaire des Archives Communales antérieures à 1790, Département de la Seine-Inférieure, Ville de Rouen. 2 vols. Paris.Google Scholar
Bentivoglio, Enzo and Simonetta Valtieri. 1976. Santa Maria del Popolo. Rome.Google Scholar
Berendson, O. 1961-62. The Italian Sixteenth and Seventeenth-Century Catafalques. New York University dissertation.Google Scholar
Bonasoli, Tommaso. 1760. Iscrizioni delle Sepolture e Depositi che esistevano nella nostra chiesa di S. Agostino di Roma prima del 1760, unite in quejto Tomo dal P.M. Tommaso Bonasoli Priore nel M.D.CCLXXVIII. Biblioteca Nazionale, MS, Fondo Vitt. Em. 46. Rome.Google Scholar
Bonasoli, Tommaso. ca. 1778. Notizie delta Religione Agostiniana … e delle Provincia Romana. Archivio della Curia Generalizia Agostiniana. Rome.Google Scholar
Bottineau-Fuchs, Y. 1985. “A Propos de Quelques Representations du Tombeau des Cardineaux d'Amboise.” Annates de Normandie 35: 17–37.Google Scholar
Bourgin, Georges. 1904. “Les Cardineaux Francais et le Diaire Came'ral de 1439-1486.” Melanges d'Archiologie et d'HistoireXXW: 277-319.Google Scholar
Brown, E. A. R. 1981. “Death and the Human Body in the Later Middle Ages: the Legislation of Boniface VIII on the Division of the Corpse.” Viator 12: 221–70.Google Scholar
Burchardus, Johannes. 1884. Diarium sive Rerum urbanarum commentarii, 1483-1506. 2 vols. Ed. L. Thuasne. Paris.Google Scholar
Burchardus, Johannes. 1906. Liber Notarum. Vol. II. Ed. E. Celani. Citta di Castello.Google Scholar
Caglioti, Francesco. 1987. “Per il recupero della giovinezza romana di Mino da Fiesole: il ‘Ciborio della neve.'” Prospettiva:49 15-32.Google Scholar
Canensi, Michele. 1904. De Vita et Pontificatu Pauli Secundi. Ed. G. Zippel. (R. I. S., 3.16.) Citta di Castello.Google Scholar
Cardella, L. 1787. Memorie Storiche de’ Cardinal! della Santa Romana Chiesa 3: 88–91.Google Scholar
Cicogna, E. A. 1883. Delle Inscrizioni Veneziane. Vol. IV Venice.Google Scholar
Correspondance de la Famille d'Estouteville (1460-1535). 1935. Ed. P. leCacheux. Rouen/Paris.Google Scholar
D'Amico, John F. 1983. Renaissance Humanism in Papal Rome. Humanists and Churchmen on the Eve of the Reformation. Baltimore and London.Google Scholar
Darricau, R. 1975. “D'Estouteville, Guillaume.” Dictionnaire de Biographic Française XIII, 126-28. Paris.Google Scholar
Davies, G. S. 1910. Renascence. The Sculptured Tombs of the Fifteenth Century in Rome. London.Google Scholar
Dellwing, H. 1970. Studien zur Baukunst der Bettelorden im Veneto, Die Gotik der monumentalen Gewolbebasiliken. Munich.Google Scholar
Denifle, Henri. 1965. La Désolation des Eglises, Monastères et Hopitaux en France. 2 vols. Paris, 1899. Reprint, Bruxelles.Google Scholar
Dentro la Città. Stranieri e Realtà Urbane nell'Europa dei Secoli XII-XVI. 1989. Ed. G. Rossetti. Naples.Google Scholar
Deville, A. 1850. Comptes de Dépenses de la Construction du Chateau de Gaillon. Paris.Google Scholar
Deville, A. 1833. Tombeaux de la Cathidrale de Rouen. Rouen.Google Scholar
Erasmus. 1997. “The Funeral (Funus).” In Collected Works of Erasmus, Colloquies, trans. Craig R. Thompson. Toronto and London.Google Scholar
Erlande-Brandenburg, Alain. 1975. Le Roi est Mort. Etude sur les funérailles, les sépultures et les tombeaux des rois de France jusqu'à la fin du XIIIie siècle. Geneva.Google Scholar
Esposito, Anna. 1993. “D'Estouteville, Guillaume.” Dizionario Biografico degliltaliani 43: 456–60.Google Scholar
“Essai de liste générale des Cardineaux.” 1932. Annuaire Pontifical Catholique. Google Scholar
Fiorini, Cecilia, and Domenico Palombi. 1987. “Un esempio di continuity edilizia: il tempio e la chiesa di S. Oliva a Cori.” Rivista dell'Istituto Nazionale d'Archeologia e Storia dell'Arte 3.10: 91–128.Google Scholar
Fisquet, M. H. n.d. La France Pontificate (Gallia Cristiana). Rouen and Paris.Google Scholar
Forestieri e Stranieri nelle Citta Basso-Medievali, Atti del Seminario Internazionale di Studio Bagno a Ripoli. 1988. Florence.Google Scholar
Frank, Isabel. 1996. “Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere and Melozzo da Forll at SS. Apostoli.” Zeitschrift fur Kunstgeschichte 59: 97–122.Google Scholar
Frommel, Christoph L. 1977. “'Capella Iulia: Die Grabkapelle Papst Julius’ II. in Neu-St. Peter.” Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 40: 26–62.Google Scholar
Frommel, Christoph L. 1973. Der Römische Palastbau der Hochrenaissance. 2 vols. Töbingen. Gallia Christiana, n.d. vol. 1. N.p.Google Scholar
Gardner, Julian. 1988. “A Princess among Prelates: A Fourteenth-Century Neapolitan Tomb and Some Northern Relations.” Romisches Jahrbuch fur Kunstgeschichte 23.24: 30–60.Google Scholar
Gardner, Julian. 1992. The Tomb and the Tiara. Curial Tomb Sculpture in Rome and Avignon in the Later Middle Ages. Oxford.Google Scholar
Gherardi, Jacopo. 1904. II Diario Romano di Jacopo Gherardi da Volterra. Ed. E. Carusi. (R. I. S., 23.3.) Citta di Castello.Google Scholar
Gill, Meredith J. 1996. “'Where the Danger was Greatest': A Gallic Legacy in Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome.” Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte A: 498-522.Google Scholar
Gill, Meredith J. 1997. “'Una Simile Chosa': Alberti and Harmony in the Roman Facade.” In Pratum Romanum Richard Krautheimer zum 100. Geburtstag, ed. R. L. Colella, et al., 113-30. Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Giovannoni, G. 1906. “II Chiostro di Sant'Oliva in Cori.” LArte 9: 108–16.Google Scholar
Gnoli, Domenico. 1890. “Le Opere di Mino da Fiesole in Roma.” Archivio Storico dell'Arte fasc. 3-4; 5-6; 7-8; 11-12.Google Scholar
Herklotz, Ingo. 1990a. “Paris de Grassis Tractatus de Funeribus et Exequiis und die Bestattungsfeiern von Papsten und Kardinalen in Spatmittelalter und Renaissance.” In Skulptur und Grabmal des Spdtmittelalters in Rom undltalien, Akten des Kongresses “Scultura e Monumento Sepolcrale del Tardo Medioevo a Roma e in Italia“(1985). Ed. J. Garms and A.M. Romanini. Vienna.Google Scholar
Herklotz, Ingo. 1990b. “Sepulcra” e “Monumenta” del Medioevo. Studi sull'arte sepolcrale in Italia. Rome.Google Scholar
Ilardi, Vincent. 1987. “Crosses and Carets: Renaissance Patronage and Coded Letters of Recommendation.” American Historical Review 92.5: 1127–149.Google Scholar
Jager, E. 1996. “The Book of the Heart: Reading and Writing the Medieval Subject.” Speculum 71.1: 4–26.Google Scholar
Jouen, L.A., and Fuzet, M.. 1908. Comptes, Devis et Inventaires du Manoir Archie“piscopale de Rouen. Paris.Google Scholar
Kantorowicz, Ernst H. 1957. The King's Two Bodies. A Study in Mediaeval Political Theology. Princeton.Google Scholar
Kreytenberg, Gert. 1984. “Das Grabmal von Kaiser Heinrich VII. in Pisa.” Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorisches Institutes in Florenz 28.1: 33–64.Google Scholar
Kühlenthal, Michael. 1975-1976. “Le Origini dell'Arte Sepolcrale del Rinascimento a Roma.” In Colloquio del Sodalizio, 107-23. Rome.Google Scholar
Lee, Egmont. 1983. “Foreigners in Quattrocento Rome.” Renaissance and Reformation 5.2: 135–46.Google Scholar
Le Goff, Jacques. 1989. “Head or Heart. The Political Use of Body Metaphors in the Middle Ages.” In Fragments for a History of the Human Body, vol. 3, ed. M. Feher, 13-26. New York.Google Scholar
Longhurst, M.H. Notes on Italian Monuments of the Twelfth to Sixteenth Centuries. London, 1965.Google Scholar
Luca, Giuseppe de. 1937. “Un Umanista Fiorentino e la Roma Rinnovata da Sisto IV.” La Rinascità 1 .XVI: 74-90.Google Scholar
Marini, Gaetano. 1784. Degli Archiatri Pontifici. Vol. II. Rome.Google Scholar
Marx, Jean. 1915. “Quatre Documents Relatifs a Guillaume d'Estouteville.” Méanges d'Archéologie et d'Histoire de I'Ecole Francaise de Rome 35: 41–55.Google Scholar
Metcalf, Peter, and Richard Huntington. 1991. Celebrations of Death. The Anthropology of Mortuary Ritual. Second ed. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Mollier, Marguerite. 1906. Le Cardinal Guillaume d'Estouteville et le Grand Vicarial de Pontoise. Paris.Google Scholar
Montini, R. U. 1957. Le Tombe dei Papi. Rome.Google Scholar
Morandière, Gabriel dela. 1903. Histoirede la Maison d'Estouteville en Normandie, précedée de Notes descriptives sur la Contre'e de Valmont par O. Lannelongue. Paris.Google Scholar
Müller, Heribert. 1987. “D'Estouteville, Guillaume.” Lexikon des Mittelalters 4: 40. Munich and Zurich.Google Scholar
Miintz, Eugene. 1878-1882. Les Arts a la Cour des Papes pendant leXVe et leXVIe Siecle, Recueil de Documents Inidits. 3 vols. Paris.Google Scholar
Panofsky, Erwin. 1964. Tomb Sculpture. Four Lectures on Its Changing Aspects from Ancient Egypt to Bernini. New York.Google Scholar
Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino. 1980. I Testament! dei Cardinali del Duecento. Rome.Google Scholar
Park, Katherine. 1994. “The Criminal and the Saintly Body: Autopsy and Dissection in Renaissance Italy.” Renaissance Quarterly 47.1: 1-33.Google Scholar
Paschini, Paolo. 1933. “Fra Curiali e Umanisti alia fine del Quattrocento.” Atti dell'Academia degli Arcadi e Scritti dei SorilX-X/XVI: 173-184.Google Scholar
Penny, Nicholas. 1993. The Materials of Sculpture. New Haven.Google Scholar
Perini, David A. 1938. Bibliographia Augustiniana. Vol. 1. Florence.Google Scholar
Platina, Bartolommeo. 1912-1913. Platynae Historici Liber de Vita Christi ac Omnium Pontificum. Ed. G. Gaida. (R. I. S., 3.1.) Citta di Castello.Google Scholar
Poeschke, Joachim. 1993. “Freigrabmaler der Friihrenaissance und ihre rransalp i n e n Voraussetzungen.” In Italienische Friihrenaissance und nordeuropdisches Spdtmittelalter, Kunst der fiiihen Neuzeit im europdischen Zusammenhang, ed. Poeschke, 85-108. Munich.Google Scholar
Pommeraye, J.E. 1667. Histoire des Archevesques de Rouän dans laquelle ilest traiti de leur Vie et de leur Mort. Rouen.Google Scholar
Pontani, Gaspare. 1907. II Diario Romano di Gaspare Pontani gia riferito al “notaio del nantiporto. “ (R. I. S., 3.2.) Citta di Castello.Google Scholar
Quintarelli, P. M. G. M. 1887. Memorie degli Uomini Illustri Bagnoresi dell'Ordine Agostiniano. Rome.Google Scholar
Raponi, G. 1965. II Cardinale Alessandro Oliva da Sassoferrato (1407-1463). Rome.Google Scholar
Reumont, Alfred von. 1870. Geschichte der Stadt Rom, vol 3.1. Berlin.Google Scholar
Rodocanachi, E. 1912. La Premiere Renaissance, Rome au Temps de Jules II et de Léon X. Paris.Google Scholar
Röll, Johannes. 1993. “Nordeuropäisch-spätgotische Motive in der romischen Sepulkralskulptur des 15. Jahrhunderts: Das Epitaph des Nikolaus von Kues in S. Pietro in Vincoli.” In Italienische Frührenaissance und nordeuropäisches Spätmittelalter, Kunst der frühen Neuzeit im euro päischen Zusammenhang, ed. J. Poeschke, 109-28. Munich.Google Scholar
Schiavo, Armando. 1964. II Palazzo delta Cancelleria. Rome.Google Scholar
Sirmond, Jean. 1631. La Vie du Cardinal dAmboise. Paris.Google Scholar
s'Jacob, Henriette. 1954. Idealism and Realism. A Study of Sepulchral Symbolism. Leiden.Google Scholar
Sommers Wright, G. 1974. “A Royal Tomb Program in the Reign of St. Louis.” The Art Bulletin LVI/2: 224–43.Google Scholar
Tabbagh, Vincent. 1980. “Le temporel des archeveques de Rouen aux derniers siecles du moyen-age.” The Journal of Medieval History 6:199-217.Google Scholar
Toesca, Ilaria. 1968. “II sacello del cardinale de Coätivy in Santa Prassede a Roma.” Paragone 37.217 (March): 61-65.Google Scholar
Torelli, P. F. L. 1682. Secoli Agostiniani overo Historia Generale…. Vol. VII. N.p.Google Scholar
Verona, Gaspare da. 1904. Degestis tempore pontificis Pauli Secundi. Ed. G. Zippel. (R. I. S., 16.3.) Citta di Castello.Google Scholar
Weil-Garris Brandt, Kathleen. 1987. “Michelangelo's Pieth for the Cappella del Re di Francia. “ In “Il se rendit en Italic” lltudes ojfertes h Andre” Chastel. Rome.Google Scholar
Woodward, Jennifer. 1995. “Funeral Rituals in the French Renaissance.” Renaissance Studies 9.4: 385–94.Google Scholar
Zippel, G. 1979. “La morte di Marco Barbo, Cardinal di S. Marco.” In Storia e Cultura del Rinascimento Italiano. Padua.Google Scholar
Zuraw, Shelley. 1992. “Mino da Fiesole's First Roman Sojourn.” In Verrocchio and Late Quattrocento Italian Sculpture. Ed. S. Bule, A. Phipps Darr, F. Superbi Gioffredi. Florence.Google Scholar