²⁶⁶ Smith had written to More on 22 September 1610 (NS) from Florence where he was welcomed and entertained by the two younger Dormer brothers (Anthony and Robert), their tutor Francis Hore, and Edward Vaux, fourth Baron Vaux, AAW A IX, no. 75. The Dormers, Hore, Vaux and Thomas Sackville, with Sir Oliver Manners, were about to journey to Rome; cf. Anstruther, G., Vaux of Hanowden (Newport, 1953), 377–8.Google Scholar

²⁶⁷ Smith wrote to More from Milan on 30 September 1610 (NS) that he had travelled via Florence and Parma but could not afford to travel through Switzerland and so was compelled to continue through Savoy, AAW A IX, no. 77.

²⁶⁸ John Gerard SJ. In his letter to More from Milan on 30 September 1610 (NS) Smith reported that Gerard was there under the name of ‘Francesco’ with Thomas Owen SJ and one of More's Jesuit cousins, AAW A IX, no. 77.

²⁶⁹ See Downshire MSS II, 329, 362.Google Scholar

²⁷⁰ Jean Beaulieu informed William Trumbull on 25 October 1610 (NS) that ‘there is now some new forces and levying to the number of 4,000 or 5,000 about Lyons' under the Count de la Roche for action against the forces of Spain and Savoy, Downshire MSS II, 382.Google Scholar

²⁷¹ Philip Woodward, secular priest. He had been banished in July 1610. He left Douai for Rome on 13 September 1610 (NS) but died on the journey (at Lyons), Anstr. I, 386. Champney enquired from More in a letter of 27 September 1611 (NS) whether he had left any money, for James Morris [see next note] his travelling companion had said he left £100, AAW A X, no. 127. Seven weeks later Champney wrote to More that the Jesuit rector at Lyons had claimed ‘that m^r woodwarde hadd not above 5^li sterling’ but ‘what his frends will say thereunto I knowe not nor care not’, AAW A X, no. 152 (p. 425).

²⁷² James Morris, secular priest, who was involved in the well-known Catholic disturbances in Herefordshire in 1605, Anstr. I, 237. Birkhead named Morris as one of the priests, including John Muttlebury (professed OSB in 1610) and Paul Green, who were opposed to the secular clergy's suit for the appointment of a bishop and ‘who are used as Instruments to carp at our Labours’. Morris, with others, had given their names to John Bennett to subscribe to the suit for a bishop (AAW A IX, no. 23), but Morris withdrew his support. Birkhead, though, had the papers with ‘the handes of them that gave ther Consentes’, and thought such people could not ‘goe back without blushinge’, AAW A X, no. 3 (p. 7). Champney wrote to More in September 1611 that Morris had died at St Omer, AAW A X, no. 127.

²⁷³ For the delation of Richard Smith's An Answer to Thomas Bels late Challeng (Douai, 1605)Google Scholar to the Inquisition (probably by Robert Persons SJ), see CRS 41, 122–3Google Scholar. In September 1609 Persons informed Birkhead that Smith ‘hath been over liberal in talk here to divers, especially about his opinion, that it is not de fide quod papa ullam habeat authoritatem deponmdi prindpes; and he hath defended the same before divers', TD V, p. lxxv.

²⁷⁴ George Birkhead.

²⁷⁵ Thomas Sackville, fourth son of Thomas Sackville, first Earl of Dorset. See Loomie, A.J., Toleration and Diplomacy (Philadelphia, 1963), 12–13.Google Scholar

²⁷⁶ William Singleton, secular priest, had been a zealous supporter of George Blackwell against the appellants, CRS 41, 23–4Google Scholar n. 6. In a letter to Thomas Fitzherbert of December 1607 he attacked the anti-Jesuit John (Augustine) Bradshaw OSB who was a friend to the secular clergy. He also submitted reasons for rejecting any proposal to appoint a bishop for England, ARSI, Anglia 31. I, fo. 314r–v, Anglia 36. II, fos 253r–64r. For the hostility he aroused at Douai, Anstr. I, 318; TD V, p. lxxxi.

²⁷⁷ Sackville also assisted SJ with money, Allison, ‘Later Life’, 88, 136Google Scholar. He became the patron of SJ's scholasticate at Louvain after the move of the novitiate from Louvain to Liège in 1614, McCoog, 78.

²⁷⁸ Smith refers to the project for founding a writers' college in Paris. On 9 November 1610 (NS) he wrote to More that Sackville's funding of the project ‘perhaps wil bring him into as much troble or make him leese his lands wAich as yet he hath not sould’, AAW A IX, no. 87 (p. 291). On 20 July 1610 Birkhead had informed Smith that Sackville ‘still holdeth his minde for the 500^li, but his meaninge is to employ it onely for the supplie of such bookes as he shall think necessarie for the writers’, whereas, said Birkhead, £1,000 would be sufficient ‘to place two or three to beginne a foundacion’, AAW A IX, no. 53 (p. 147).

²⁷⁹ William Douglas, tenth Earl of Angus, who died on 3 March 1611. He had been a leading member of the Catholic aristocratic party in Scotland which had caused King James so many difficulties in the 1590s. He had retired to the Continent in 1608, Cokayne I, 159. He was among the lay Catholic promoters of the College d'Arras, TD IV, 135. On 22 September 1609 (NS) Thomas More dined with him in Paris and found him ‘importunate’ for bishops. The earl, said More, had been told that Smith could, at his first presentation of the clergy's petitions in Rome, ‘easelie have procured them’. Angus asked after Smith but ‘tooke it somwhat il that he never receaved any letter from us’. More noted that the earl ‘is by the king of England confined in France, and must not passe out of this realme otherwise he wold have seen Italie as having an especial devotion to Loretto, and Rome. He hath allowed him two parts of his lyving, and the third thereof is deputed for his sonns maintenance’, AAW A VIII, no. 154 (p. 625). In June 1609 the earl had obtained for the nuncio Ubaldini a copy of James's apology for the oath of allegiance, Conway AH 23, 120.

²⁸⁰ Champney reported on 1 March 1611 (NS) that Angus ‘was buried yesterday at S^t Germans monasterie assisted with the most of bothe nationes and manie others' including the marquis of Hamilton, Lord Roos and Lord Clifford ‘who were att the funerall oratione but not att mass’, AAW A X, no. 22 (p. 53).

²⁸¹ John Bosvile, secular priest. He had been arrested in mid-1606 and, apparently, was banished since he arrived in Rome in November 1607, Anstr. I, 44–5. Subsequently he had been assisting Champney in Paris with the project for the writers' college, AAW A IX, no. 66.

²⁸² Henry Constable. Constable also assisted with the writers' college project, AAW A IX, no. 66.

²⁸³ Roger Cadwallader, executed in August 1610. See Letters 13, 12a, 15.

²⁸⁴ George Napper was executed on 9 November 1610. According to the Oxfordshirebased priest Anthony Tuchiner (formerly a servant of one of the branches of the Sussex family of Caryll, PRO, SP 12/160/25, fo. 57r) Napper had, after studying at Exeter College, Oxford, served as a gentleman to Anthony Browne, first Viscount Montague, AAW A X, no. 19. For Napper's relationship to other Oxfordshire Catholics, and his narrow failure to procure a pardon, see Davidson, , 202–8, 444, 473Google Scholar. Joan Napper, George's sister, had married Thomas Greenwood, an Oxford lawyer, and their son Thomas married Grace More, the clergy agent Thomas More's sister, Davidson, , 200.Google Scholar

²⁸⁵ William Baldwin SJ. James I wanted him to be interrogated concerning his prior knowledge of the Gunpowder Plot, CSPV 1610–13, 14, 24.Google Scholar

²⁸⁶ Edward Wotton, first Baron Wotton. For his embassy, see CSPV 1610–13, 11–12, 18, 27, 31, 44, 51Google Scholar; Downshire MSS II, 354.Google Scholar

²⁸⁷ Robert Ubaldini.

²⁸⁸ For the ‘Act to prevent the dangers that may grow from popish recusants’, 7 & 8 Jac I, c. 6, allowing women to be tendered the oath of allegiance, and married women, convicted of recusancy, to be imprisoned without bail (though a husband could redeem his recusant wife from imprisonment for her recusancy at £10 per month or one-third of his estate), see Rowlands, M.B., ‘Recusant Women 1560–1640’, in M. Prior (ed.), Warnen in English Society 1580–1800 (1985), 149–80, at pp. 155–6Google Scholar. Birkhead thought that this act would mean ‘the oath will not be pressed so much as it was’, AAW A IX, no. 53 (p. 148).

²⁸⁹ For these priests (including Cuthbert Johnson, Oswald Needham, and Gilbert Hunt), see CRS 10, 104–5Google Scholar; Challoner, , Memoirs, 323.Google Scholar

²⁹⁰ William Alabaster. He returned to England after quarrelling with Robert Persons in Rome, but maintained a vaguely Catholic stance for a time, AAW A X, passim; Questier, , Conversion, Politics and Religion, 45, 55, 71, 95, 189, 190Google Scholar. Hicks speculates that the denunciation of Richard Smith's Answer to Thomas Bels late Challeng was a riposte for the use of Alabaster by Smith and More to lay charges against Persons before the Inquisition concerning Persons's supposed complicity in the Gunpowder Plot, and for their attack on Persons's The Judgment of a Catholicke English-Man (St Omer, 1608)Google Scholar, CRS 41, 123Google Scholar. In July 1608 Persons had sent to Paul V a letter of Alabaster to a Jesuit novice (Peter Worthington) which, said Persons, contained a complete account of Alabaster's heresies and his assertions that Christ appeared ‘to him in visible form’ and gave him ‘commands as to this and that’. Persons also said that Alabaster had been teaching his doctrines to women religious in Flanders, Vadean Archives, Borghese MSS IV 86, fo. 30r (transcript and translation at ABSI).

²⁹¹ Sir Thomas Lake wrote to the earl of Salisbury on 2 September 1610 that King James thought Alabaster to be ‘distracted’; he should continue to live at Amsterdam for the time being ‘to see what will become of him’, Salisbury MSS XXI, 237.Google Scholar

²⁹² For the arrest of William Baldwin at Heidelberg, and Frederick IV, Elector Palatine's delivery of him to James I, see CSPV 1610–13, 6, 13–14.Google Scholar

²⁹³ Philip Ludwig, Duke of Neuburg. See CSPV 1610–13, 52, 56, 64Google Scholar. Neuburg's religious allegiances were perceived to be uncertain, Downshire MSS IV, 123Google Scholar. His son Wolfgang William defected from the German Protestant Princes' Union and declared himself a Catholic in 1614 after marrying a Bavarian princess, ibid., passim; AAW A XIII, no. 108; Bonney, R., The European Dynastic States 1494–1660 (Oxford, 1991), 185–6.Google Scholar

²⁹⁴ The Venetian ambassador in France was reporting in May 1611 that the duke of Savoy planned to move against Geneva as soon as Huguenot disturbances in France meant that Louis XIII could not intervene, CSPV 1610–13, 143Google Scholar. See also Downshire MSS II, 247Google Scholar, cf. 329, III, 9, and passim. In March 1611 the Savoyard ambassador in England had assured James (who had earlier promised assistance against an assault on Geneva, Salisbury MSS XXI, 210Google Scholar) that the duke of Savoy would not attack the city, Downshin MSS III, 47Google Scholar, yet in late August 1612 (and subsequently) William Trumbull was told that the duke was still conspiring against Geneva and also against Berne, ibid., 352, 355, IV, passim.

²⁹⁵ Identity uncertain.

²⁹⁶ Not identified.

²⁹⁷ Thomas Worthington.

²⁹⁸ Smith wrote to More on 9 November 1610 (NS) that Kellison ‘liked not the conditions’ at Douai, AAW A IX, no. 87 (p. 291), even though both Worthington and John Knatchbull were offering him carte blanche to get him to remain there, AAW A IX, no. 103.

²⁹⁹ Though Hicks regards the report as alarmist, CRS 41, 6Google Scholar n. 8, Richard Smith confirmed on 9 November 1610 (NS) that ‘the most heavie news wherof I wrote in my last of my L. montacutes trebles and the dispersion of his house proveth too true’. Smith said the cause was a well-known letter sent in 1605 by Viscount Montague to Paul V petitioning for the appointment of a bishop over the English clergy and for the seminaries to be reformed, AAW A IX, no. 87 (p. 291); CRS 41, 5–6Google Scholar n. 8. On 22 November 1610 Benjamin Norton reported a search at Montague House, Letter 12a. (Montague House, the Brownes' London residence, had been searched also at Easter 1610 by Humphrey Cross and twelve constables, and in September 1609, on the information of William Udall, and, before that, in April 1606, PRO, STAC 8/15/8; CSPD 1603–10, 310Google Scholar; Harris, , ‘Reports’, 256–7.Google Scholar) Montague's real problems started as a result, it seems, of harbouring priests, rather than because of the famous letter sent to Rome, see Letters 12a, 15.

³⁰⁰ Cardinal Edward Farnese.

³⁰¹ Nicholas Fitzherbert.

³⁰² Robert (Anselm) Beech OSB.

³⁰³ Christopher Isham. Simon Willis, who was acquainted with him in Rome in 1609, described him as ‘a poore syllie old man, whom in the absence of Mr. Nycholas Fytzherbert wee used to dyrect us in the streates’, CRS 60, 197.Google Scholar