¹ Sanderson.

² In 1875 the Yunan Mission was attacked and a UK consular official, A.R. Margary, murdered. After much negotiation, Derby secured from China an inquiry, with Britain represented, to discover and punish the offenders.

³ William Johnstone (1829–1902), Orangeman; M.P. 1868–78, 1885–1902; inspector of Irish fisheries, 1878; imprisoned, 1868, and dismissed, 1885, both for extremism.

⁴ Andrassy Note (30 Dec. 1875), accepted by Turkey, 13 Feb. 1876.

⁵ Diplomatists.

⁶ E.g. T, 6 Jan. 1876, 5d.

⁷ Thomas Baring (1799–1873), financier.

⁸ To Knowsley.

⁹ Not in Cecil.

¹⁰ Frank H. Hill (1830–1910), ed. Daily News, 1859–1886Google Scholar. Cf. Stanley Diaries, 256Google Scholar, for Derby's cultivation of editors.

¹¹ Sir John Kirk (1832–1922), consul-gen, at Zanzibar 1873–80.

¹² R. de Martino, counsellor at the Italian legation.

¹³ Probably L.G.N. Starkie (1828–99), who had land worth £19,500 p.a. and military credentials: or J.P.C. Starkie, M.P. (Cons.) Lancs. N.E. 1868–80.

¹⁴ Sir W.A. White (1824–91), consul-gen, in Servia 1875–9.

¹⁵ Responsible for Mistletoe incident.

¹⁶ Parl. P. 1874, lxxii (England and Wales), collated in Bateman, John, The Great Landowners of Great Britain and Ireland (1876)Google Scholar. The return had been requested by Derby in 1872, with a view to proving the widespread nature of landownership.

¹⁷ Beresford Hope, Salisbury's bro-in-law.

¹⁸ Not traced in H.

¹⁹ H.A. Butler-Johnstone, M.P. (Cons.) Canterbury 1862–78.

²⁰ Fellow Apostle from Derby's Cambridge days.

²¹ New post of legal assistant under-sec, went to (Sir) Julian Pauncefote, 1st Baron Pauncefote (1828–1902) who held it 1876–82, becoming perm, under-sec. 1882–9.

²² (Sir) Henry Percy Anderson (1831–96), entered F.O. 1852; senior clerk 1873; asst. under-sec. 1894–6; kt 1885; ‘glad to see returned’, Derby noted, ‘his second, Stevens, being altogether incompetent’ (D.D. 12 June 1876).

²³ John W.G. Woodford, senior clerk.

²⁴ William Henry Wylde, superintendent of commercial, consular, and slave trade depts. 1869–80.

²⁵ Minister at Lisbon 1876–81. D.D., 5 Apr. 1875, noted that Morier ‘had been in the sulks ever since his failure to obtain Lisbon. Though vain, egotistical, and given to intrigue, he is too able to be spared from diplomacy, where we have few men of even average capacity. His despatches are full of useful intelligence, but immoderately long….’

²⁶ Seen by Lyons as ‘straightforward, timid, not brilliant’ (D.D. 24 Mar. 1875); and by Derby as ‘a worthy honourable man, and I suppose believes what he says: but where can he have lived?’ (D.D. 15 Nov. 1877).

²⁷ Luigi Federico, Count Menabrea (1809–86), Italian amb. in London 1876–82, in Paris 1882–92; ‘a new diplomatist, and scrupulous to excess in matters of form’ (D.D. 8 Sept. 1876).

²⁸ e D. 26 Apr. 1876, at her home in Cromwell Rod., London, and bur. at Knowsley.

²⁹ Revised version (Dec. 1875) of fugitive slave circular had not ended controversy.

³⁰ After David Urquhart (1805–77), diplomatist, crank, and pro-Turkish agitator.

³¹ Report by Mr Cave on the financial condition of Egypt, Pari. P., 1876, lxxxiii.Google Scholar

³² A motion asking the Queen not to use the title of Empress was defeated 137 – 91 (H vol. 228 cols 1039–94).

³³ Russian amb. in London 1861–74.

³⁴ A number of small incidents concerning shipping, taxation, and the acquittal of the murderer of a U.K. subject, were causing concern, and had been taken up in a parliamentary campaign by Serj. Simon.

³⁵ Lancs, kinsman of diarist.

³⁶ Sir W. Hewett V.C. (1834–88), naval officer commanding W. African station.

³⁷ A motion by Sir H.James regretting that the Royal Titles Act inadequately prevented the use of the Queen's new title outside India, was defeated 334–226 (H vol. 229 cols 370–474). Disraeli spoke briefly (cols 455–62).

³⁸ See Kofos, E., Greece and the Eastern Question 1875–8.Google Scholar

³⁹ Carnarvon's mother d. 26 May 1876; Malmesbury's wife d. 17 May 1876. Carnarvon's wife d. 25 Jan. 1875.

⁴⁰ M.J. Gennadius, Greek chargé d'affaires.

⁴¹ Murad V (30 May–Aug. 1876).

⁴² Sir John Millais (1829–96), artist.

⁴³ Julius, Count Andrassy (1823–90), Austrian foreign min. Nov. 1871–9.

⁴⁴ An Analysis of Religious Belief (2 vols, 1876)Google Scholar by John Russell, Vt Amberley (1842–76), e.s. of 1st E. Russell.

⁴⁵ Lord privy seal; resigned Aug. 1876, his post going to Beaconsfield, while Sir M. Hicks Beach, chief sec. for Ireland, entered the cabinet without change of office. The board of trade remained unrepresented in cabinet.

⁴⁶ Replaced Elliot in all but name, 31 Mar. 1877.

⁴⁷ Sir Edward Thornton (1817–1906), min. at Washington 1867–81; offered Madrid by Derby, 21 Oct. 1877, though not expecting him to accept ‘the most disagreeable post in Europe’; declined by Thornton in person, 24 Oct. 1877, ‘preferring to wait for an embassy’.

⁴⁸ Edwards Pierrepont (1817–92), U.S. minister in London May 1876–Dec. 1877; R.C. Schenck (1809–90), min. May 1871–Feb. 1876, resigning under a cloud; authority on poker.

⁴⁹ From the Peace Society, urging the government not to over-react to the news of atrocities; Derby's reply enabled Bright to stand aside from the issue in corning months. See Robbins, K., John Bright (1979), 223.Google Scholar

⁵⁰ Henry, 3rd E. Grey (1802–94), succ. 1845; col. sec. 1846–52, not holding office thereafter.

⁵¹ See Stanley Diaries, 315.Google Scholar

⁵² Cf. GH, 283Google Scholar: ‘extremely well done in few well chosen words …’ Lennox never held office again. See H, vol. 230 cols 1481–4.

⁵³ Builder of Suez canal.

⁵⁴ On 16 June 1876, Serbia and Montenegro signed an alliance, and on 30 June and 1 July respectively declared war on Turkey. By early August, Serbia (whose army was led by a Russian general) was clearly unsuccessful, Prince Milan appealing for a ceasefire on 24 August. On 28 Sept., Serbia resumed hostilities, meeting decisive defeat at Aleksinat on 17 Oct., following which Turkey sought to impose harsh terms. Faced with a Russian ultimatum (31 Oct.), Turkey accepted an armistice, leading to peace on the basis of the status quo (28 Feb. 1877), Montenegro however remaining at war.

⁵⁵ J.L. Farley (1823–85), writer on Turkey; led deputation to Derby, 14 July, seeking help for eastern Christians, Derby rebuffing him strongly. For the meeting in Willis's Rooms, see T, 28 July 1876, p. 10; Shannon, R., Gladstone and the Bulgarian Atrocities Agitation, 1876, 43–8Google Scholar: meeting proposed full autonomy for Turkish Christians.

⁵⁶ E.A. Freeman (1823–92), medievalist; regius prof, at Oxford 1884–92.

⁵⁷ Carnarvon's bro.

⁵⁸ (Sir) Hugh Wyndham (1836–1916), sec. of legation in Athens 1875–8.

⁵⁹ H, vol. 231, cols. 74–113, on Lord Campbell's motion on 1856 treaties; atrocities not debated; no vote taken.

⁶⁰ H, vol. 231 (Monday 31 July). Gladstone ‘still desired, if possible, the maintenance of the territorial integrity of the Turkish Empire’ (col. 172) and poured cold water on the idea of a S. Slav state; Disraeli used the phrase ‘coffee-house babble’ about certain atrocity stories (col. 203).

⁶¹ Gladstone recommended the peaceful achievement of home rule for the Turkish Christians, achieved by force of European opinion.

⁶² See Steele, E.D., ‘Ireland and the Empire in the 1860s; imperial precedents for Gladstone's first Irish Land Act’, Hist. Jnl. xi (1968), 64–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁶³ M. and B., 46. Cf. Disraeli's earlier complaint to Derby, 14 July 1876, ibid. 44.

⁶⁴ H, vol. 231, cols 722–46. For Bourke, who read out Baring's initial report, confirming the atrocities though on a lesser scale than first thought, see cols 734–42.

⁶⁵ H, vol. 231, cols 1078–1147. Bourke made a vigorous defence of Elliot (cols 1111–1119). Disraeli wound up, saying ‘our duty … is to maintain the Empire of England …’ (col. 1146).

⁶⁶ M.P. Oxford Univ. 1865–78, when cr. peer.

⁶⁷ Fin. sec. to war office 1874–7.

⁶⁸ William Campbell, 2nd Baron Stratheden (1824–93), suce. 1860.

⁶⁹ Temperatures reached 96°F in London in the shade.

⁷⁰ Henry Clinton, 5th D. of Newcastle (1811–64), cabinet minister.

⁷¹ Franz Egon Freiherr van den Brincken (1835–1906), 1st sec. at German embassy 2 Apr. 1874–16 mar. 1881.

⁷² H.P. Liddon (1829–90), canon of St Paul's 1870–90.

⁷³ Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East.

⁷⁴ Disraeli, to Derby, , 6 09 1876Google Scholar, in M. and B., 53. The diaries make no reference to Disraeli's vital letter of 4 Sept. proposing to take Constantinople, and Derby's reply.

⁷⁵ ‘Report by Mr Baring on the Bulgarian Insurrection of 1876’, published as supplement to London Gazette, 19 09 1876.Google Scholar

⁷⁶ Derby, to Elliot, , 20 09 1876Google Scholar, Parl. P. 1877, xc, Turkey no. 1, no. 316.

⁷⁷ At Aylesbury, 20 Sept. 1876, strongly attacking atrocities agitation.

⁷⁸ Sir H. Vivian, agent at Alexandria 1873, 1876–9.

⁷⁹ Sir E.J. Monson (1834–1909), consul-gen, at Budapest, 1871; U.K. rep. at Cetinje, 1876–7.

⁸⁰ George Potter (1832–93), trade unionist; ed. Bee-Hive, which supported agitation until mid-Sept., then opposed it: cf. Shannon, 129.

⁸¹ Lee, Dwight E., Great Britain and the Cyprus Convention Policy of 1878 (1934).Google Scholar

⁸² Cf. GH 195Google Scholar: ‘Eustace Cecil has given me trouble by most needlessly writing to Lord Derby as if he was pressed for guns when I only sent an inquiry! I have been a good deal annoyed…’

⁸³ Sir John Drummond-Hay (1816–93), diplomatist; served in Morocco 1845–93.

⁸⁴ Crimean resort near Yalta much favoured by Alexander II.

⁸⁵ Augustus Hobart-Hampden (1822–86), Turkish admiral; commanded Black Sea fleet in Russo-Turkish war.

⁸⁶ Disraeli reminded the world that England did not have to ask itself if it could afford a second or third campaign.

⁸⁷ Giacomo Antonelli (1806–76), cardinal; papal sec. of state 1850–76; never ordained priest.

⁸⁸ Lord Odo Russell, amb. in Berlin.

⁸⁹ Constantino Nigra (1827–1907), Italian amb. at St Petersburg 1876–82; once sec. to Cavour; held series of major diplomatic posts.

⁹⁰ Chlodwig Karl Viktor, Prince von Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1819–1901), German amb. in Paris, 1873–; imperial chancellor 1894–1900.

⁹¹ William Watson, Lord Watson (1827–99), lord advocate 1876–80.

⁹² Victoria had been violently anti-Turkish in Aug.-Sept. 1876, hence Derby's surprise.

⁹³ Military attaché in France.

⁹⁴ National Convention on the Eastern Question.

⁹⁵ One of a leading family of railway engineers.

⁹⁶ Sir Rutherford Alcock (1809–97), min. at Pekin 1865–71; pres, of Geographical Society 1876–8.

⁹⁷ John Forster (1812–76), man of letters; biographer and intimate of Dickens.

⁹⁸ Belgian min. in London.

⁹⁹ Midhat Pasha (1822–83), grand vizier 18 Dec. 1876–5 Feb. 1877 (dismissed and banished); under U.K. pressure, made gov.-gen. of Syria, Nov. 1878; again dismissed; strangled.