³⁶⁰ On 9 April Leicester wrote to Thomas Egerton, the Solicitor-General, from Wanstead House (HEHL, EL MS 1879), where he was presumably on the 10th as well. The Court was at Whitehall until the end of April when it removed to Greenwich. For Wanstead see Introduction, p. 26.

³⁶¹ (Sir) William Segar (d.1633), Portcullis Pursuivant, later Garter King of Arms. He served as a herald in the Netherlands in 1585–6 and was recommended by Leicester as Somerset Herald in 1588 (Hist MSS Comm, Bath MSS, v (1980), 89Google Scholar). See also p. 255 below. These payments may be for one of the ‘Segar type’ portraits, which would appear to be c. 1584–5, see Strong, R.C., Tudor and Jacobean Portraits (1969), i, 196.Google Scholar

³⁶² Probably the mercer Ambrose Smith mentioned in the Chancy and Ellis accounts, see n. 156 above.

³⁶³ For Leicester House, see Introduction, p. 26, and Kingsford, C.L., ‘Essex House, formerly Leicester House and Exeter Inn’, Archaeologia, xxiii (1924), 1–52.Google Scholar

³⁶⁴ He does not reappear in this account, but the Leicester House inventory used after March 1583 records a mattress given to the blackamore (DP VI, fo. 16v). Cf. Ralegh's blackamore, p. 210 below.

³⁶⁵ Sir Francis Walsingham's house, see the following entry.

³⁶⁶ The intervening folios have disappeared, presumably through destruction by damp. May and June 1584 saw Leicester's tour to Kenilworth, Shrewsbury, Denbigh, Chester and Buxton, the most extensive he made. A reference to it will be found on p. 245 below. On 19 July his son, Robert, Baron of Denbigh (b. 6 June 1581), died at Wanstead, see Abbreviations: Funeral of the Lord of Denbigh.

³⁶⁷ William Davison (1541–1608), Secretary of State 1586–7, MP. His wife was a daughter of Lady Elizabeth Isley, Sir John Mason's wife, and thus related to the Duchess of Northumberland (see n. 344 above); Leicester addressed him as cousin. He was ambassador in Scotland between April and September 1584, and then in the Netherlands from 20 October to June 1585, and 3 September 1585 until Leicester's arrival (his last embassy is discussed in Appendix II). His papers survive in quantity, the bulk of them now distributed among the State Papers (see ‘Leic. Pap. II’, 138).

³⁶⁸ The 1580s saw a major reduction in the scale of the royal progresses and the Court spent the summer of 1584 at Greenwich, Richmond, Nonsuch and, from 7 August, Oatlands. Leicester appears to have been at Leicester House during first days of October (see next page) and returned to Court on the 6th.

³⁶⁹ Rotherfield Greys (Oxon.), Sir Francis Knollys' house. Lady Chandos was Dorothy Bray (d.1605), who married Edward 2nd Lord Chandos (1522–74) and then (Sir) William Knollys (1545–1632), Sir Francis's 2nd son, MP. Knollys was a trustee for Leicester's jointure for the Countess (15 July 1584), governor of Ostend in 1586 and a mourner at both Sidney's and Leicester's funerals. Lady Chandos had a chamber at Leicester House.

³⁷⁰ George Talbot, 6th Earl (1522–90). He had come to Court on 15 September to be relieved as guardian of Mary, Queen of Scots, and was publicly greeted by Leicester on his arrival at Oatlands, see Hist MSS Comm, Calendar of the Manuscripts of … the Duke of Rutland, i (1888), 169Google Scholar. An extensive correspondence between Leicester and Shrewsbury survives, and Leicester acted as his deputy as Earl Marshal.

³⁷¹ Probably (Sir) George Gifford (1552–1613), Gentleman Pensioner, MP. He was married to Lady Chandos' daughter Eleanor.

³⁷² Given that Dorothy Knollys is referred to throughout as Lady Chandos, Lady Dorothy is presumably the Countess of Leicester's daughter Dorothy Devereux, who had married Sir Thomas Perrot (see n. 478 below) in 1583. Leicester was particularly fond of her and proposed in his 1582 will that she and Philip Sidney should marry. There was a portrait of her in the Leicester House collection.

³⁷³ Philip Howard, ist Earl (1557–95), the Duke of Norfolk's son by his first wife, daughter of the former Earl (see n. 140 above). Norfolk had named Leicester one of the trustees for his lands in 1570 (Williams, , Norfolk, p. 121Google Scholar), but Arundel's political alienation led to antagonism by the mid-1580s.

³⁷⁴ The Court removed to Hampton Court between 6 and 10 October.

³⁷⁵ Identified on pp. 211, 344 below as the Queen's footman, but the frequent references to him here suggest that he was a former servant of Leicester's.

³⁷⁶ His sister Katherine, see n. 35 above. They had met at Leicester on 18 June on his return from his tour.

³⁷⁷ Lettice, Countess of Leicester. There are regular but peripheral references to her throughout this book, which make it difficult to follow her movements with any precision, though she was clearly residing at either Leicester House or Wanstead. As noted in the Introduction (p. 28), this was probably because she financed her own chamber out of her revenues as dowager Countess of Essex. One effect of her marriage to Leicester was to solidify his relations with her numerous brothers and sisters, who appear here regularly, but no less striking is the paternal concern he showed for her children by Essex.

³⁷⁸ Michel de Castelnau, Seigneur de Mauvissière, see Introduction, pp. 33–4. Castelnau was lodged at Salisbury Court (Bossy, , Bruno, p. 10Google Scholar), Ivy Bridge Lane was next to Bedford House, and Leicester House was between them.

³⁷⁹ On 10 October the Privy Council decided in principle on intervention in the Netherlands and advised that a parliament be summoned. The writs for elections are dated the 12th, and on that day Leicester wrote a number of letters asking for nominations of MPs, see ‘House of Commons’, 217–9. The absence of any reference to messengers here, with the possible exception of this entry, suggests that Leicester probably sent his letters by the pursuivants carrying the writs. The entry under 1 November (see p. 191) probably refers to the answer from Portsmouth.

³⁸⁰ Lumley inherited Nonsuch Palace on the Earl of Arundel's death (see n. 325 above) and continued to reside there, although the Queen used it regularly. He attended the Lord of Denbigh's funeral and gave Leicester his proxy for the Parliament of 1584.

³⁸¹ Charles, Lord Howard of Effingham (see n. 72 above) was Lord Chamberlain between 1 January 1584 and 8 July 1585 when he was appointed Lord Admiral (see n. 567 below). Despite the scandal created by the revelation of Leicester's affair with his sister, Douglas, Lady Sheffield, they remained on very friendly terms and Leicester appointed him an overseer of his 1587 will. He was expected to attend Leicester's funeral.

³⁸² Sir Horation Palavicino (c.1540–1600), see Stone, L., An Elizabethan: Sir Horatio Palavicino (Oxford, 1956)Google Scholar. Palavicino's relations with Leicester were closer than Professor Stone allows.

³⁸³ Probably Thomas Knyvett (1545–1622), Groom of the Privy Chamber, MP.

³⁸⁴ Sir Thomas Stanhope (c.1540–96) of Shelford, Notts., MP, see the the entry on p. 191 below.

³⁸⁵ Hatton was then Vice-Chamberlain and Captain of the Guard. Despite the rivalry that is often claimed for them, Hatton and Leicester were on very friendly personal terms. Leicester appointed him an overseer of both his surviving wills, and he was sent blacks for Leicester's funeral. This entry marks the beginning of a journey referred to on p. 196 below as ‘when your lordship rode to Langley’. The purpose, the subsequent entries make clear, was to see his illegitimate son. If the dating is accurate he left the Court at Hampton Court on the 19th.

³⁸⁶ Unlike his subsequent journey in January 1585, see pp. 212–3 below, he does not appear to have visited the University.

³⁸⁷ Edmund, 4th Lord Dudley, see n. 301 above.

³⁸⁸ Lee (see n. 149 above) was the keeper of Woodstock Palace, where he generally resided.

³⁸⁹ On 24 October Leicester wrote a number of letters from Whitney circulating copies of the Bond of Association: one to Lord Chandos is now Bodl., MS Clarendon I, fos. 13–4, and a copy of another to an unnamed peer is Bodl., MS Rawl. C 358, fo. 38. The main Bond was signed by the Privy Council on 19 October, presumably just before Leicester left the Court (see n. 385), and Burghley and Walsingham were discussing the circulation of copies on the 19th and 20th (PRO, SP 12/173/85,6). Whether Leicester's role in circulating the Bond had been arranged before he left is unclear. See, in general, D. Cressy, ‘Binding the Nation: the Bonds of Association, 1584 and 1696’, in Guth, D.G. and McKenna, J.W. (edd.), Tudor Rule and Revolution: Essays for G.R. Elton from his American Friends (Cambridge, 1982), pp. 220–1Google Scholar, and Collinson, P., ‘The Monarchical Republic of Elizabeth I’, in Elizabethan Essays, pp. 48–9.Google Scholar

³⁹⁰ Humphrey Ashfield of Heythrop, Oxon. He attended Leicester's funeral and claimed £124 from his estate ‘for money laid out at Langley’. See also the reference to his son John, p. 214 n. 455 below.

³⁹¹ In 1584 Leicester held two manors in western Oxfordshire, Whitney and Langley (near Leafield), and the keepership of the Forest of Wychwood under a complex series of tenures. Langley had been held in conjunction with the keeperships of Wychwood Forest and Cornbury House and Park since the previous century. All had been obtained by Northumberland, who assigned Cornbury to his wife's jointure and a life interest in Langley and the keepership of Wychwood to the Countess of Warwick's (see n. 105 above). Elizabeth granted Leicester the fee simple of Langley in January 1581 (CPR, 1580–2, 27, GVE, fo. 23v), and the Countess of Warwick's interests in Langley and Wychwood were assigned to him after she was declared a lunatic in 1582 (Longleat MS 3283). He received a separate lease of Whitney from the Queen in 1583 (GVE, fo. 46v). His right to Cornbury, which owing to Northumberland's attainder had reverted to the Crown on the Duchess's death, is not clear, but he made use of Cornbury House (where he died in 1588), as well as the house at Langley. See, in general, Watney, V.J., Cornbury and the Forest of Wychwood (1910), pp. 68–74Google Scholar, and King's Works, iv, 160–1; the discussion in ‘West Midlands’, 34, is abbreviated.

³⁹² John Delabere, principal of Gloucester Hall 1581–93, see also the entry on p. 216 below, which suggests that he was the host of Leicester's son. An introduction to Leicester's relations with Delabere and many of the other Oxford figures mentioned below can be found in Williams, P., ‘State, Church and University’, in McConica, J.K. (ed.), The History of the University of Oxford, III: The Collegiate University (Oxford, 1986), 423–9.Google Scholar

³⁹³ (Sir) Robert Dudley (1574–1649), his illegitmate son by Douglas Sheffield. The implication here is that Robert Dudley was then living either in Oxford or Whitney. This is a slight mystery, for he is generally believed to have been living at Offington in Sussex, see n. 499 below. A greater mystery is how and when he came into Leicester's custody given that several years earlier Douglas Sheffield had adamantly refused to surrender custody.

³⁹⁴ Probably Thomas Clinton (1568–1619), later 3rd Earl of Lincoln, MP. Clinton was a student at Oxford at this point.

³⁹⁵ Mr Bryse may have been Robert Dudley's host, but see n. 392 above.

³⁹⁶ Leicester had been high steward of Abingdon since 1566. The borough chamberlain's accounts for the year Michaelmas 1583–Michaelmas 1584 (Berkshire RO, A/AFAc 2 (1582–88), fo. 21) record a gift of sack to Leicester at Mr Read's. The draft chamberlain's accounts (Abingdon Town Council, Chamberlains Accounts, II, fos. 21v, 25) record this and one earlier in the year. Neither record any visits by him in the year 1584–5. Mr Bostock was probably Lancelot Bostock (c.1533–88), Gentleman Pensioner, MP.

³⁹⁷ For Clinton see n. 394 above. Mr Devereux was probably Walter, the Countess's younger son (d. 1591), who matriculated at Christ Church in 1584. Howard of Effingham praised ‘your son Mr Devereux’ during the Armada campaign (BL, Cotton MS Otho E IX, fo. 210, corrected from Pepys MS 2876, pp. 315–6, to Leicester, 6 June 1588).

³⁹⁸ See n. 152 above.

³⁹⁹ Possibly concerning the Moluccas, later the West Indies, Voyage. Leicester was one of the adventurers, as listed by Burghley on 24 November, see Adams, , ‘Outbreak of the Elizabethan Naval War’, p. 54.Google Scholar

⁴⁰⁰ Leicester wrote to the borough of Maldon on the parliamentary election from Leicester House on 30 October (Essex RO, D/B3/3/422)

⁴⁰¹ He probably took the letter Leicester wrote to Jean Hotman* on 2 November from Hampton Court (HEHL, MS HM 21714), asking him to hire a gardener for him in France. In a subsequent letter (29 Nov., n. 418 below) Leicester expressed his good opinion of the bearer and ‘assured accompt’ of the letter's safe arrival. On the gardener and the correspondence with Hotman as a whole, see n. 467 below and the entry for Hotman in the Index of Servants.

⁴⁰² (1545–1605) of Rushton (Northants.), arrested and imprisoned for aiding Edmund Campion and recusancy in 1581, see Finch, M.E., The Wealth of Five Northamptonshire Families 1540–1640 (Northamptonshire Record Soc., xix, 1956), 76–8Google Scholar. Leicester appears to have been instrumental in reducing his imprisonment to house arrest, see BL, Add. MS 39828 [Tresham Papers], fo 93, Tresham to Leicester, 1 Oct. 1583.

⁴⁰³ (1530–1611) of Beddington, Surr., MP.

⁴⁰⁴ Richard Drake (1535–1603), Equerry of the Stables by 1576 and Groom of the Privy Chamber 1584, MP. Drake was Sir Francis's cousin, and had been in Leicester's service in the 1560s. He received livery in 1567 and was described as a servant of Leicester's by Archbishop Young of York in his will (BIHR, Archiepiscopal Register R.I. 30 [1561–76], fo. 57, 25 June 1568).

⁴⁰⁵ Sir Richard Knightley (1533–1615) of Fawsley, Northants., MP. The entry refers to Leicester's contribution to the subscription for a lectureship at Towcester for Andrew King, a member of the Northamptonshire classis, that Knightley had organised. See PRO, SP 12/150/150, Knightley to Leicester, 17 Oct. 1581, and Shiels, W.J., The Puritans in the Diocese of Peterborough 1558–1610 (Northamptonshire Record Soc., xxx, 1979), 26–8Google Scholar. Further contributions by Leicester are entered on pp. 243–4, 3O2, 327 below.

⁴⁰⁶ Probably Lumley's gardener, as Leicester was in the process of hiring one, see n. 401 above.

⁴⁰⁷ See also the subsequent entries. The Court removed from Hampton Court to St James's on 12 November, and Leicester was noted as being in attendance on the Queen's arrival by the German visitor Leopold von Wedel (Klarwill, p. 328). He signed the Privy Council's letter on Barnaby Benison on 14 November, see n. 446 below.

⁴⁰⁸ Presumably Thomas Aldersey, see n. 201 above.

⁴⁰⁹ Sir Thomas Heneage (1532–95), Treasurer of the Chamber, MP. See n. 695 below for his mission to the Netherlands in 1586.

⁴¹⁰ Sir Jerome Bowes (d.1616), MP, who had been ambassador in Russia between July 1583 and September 1584.

⁴¹¹ Possibly Thomas Seale, a servant of Leicester's in 1573, see Hasler, sub Ferrars, George.

⁴¹² En route to the Accession Day tournament (17 November), over which Leicester presided, see Klarwill, 330–2. See also the reference on p. 203 below.

⁴¹³ The Star Chamber had its own kitchens and the Council dined there when it sat in Star Chamber. See, for some examples, Simon, A.L., The Star Chamber Dinner Accounts(Food and Wine Society, 1959).Google Scholar

⁴¹⁴ Probably Giovanni Baptista Castiglioni (d.c.1589), Groom of the Privy Chamber, 1559–1589, and Elizabeth's former Italian tutor. His son, (Sir) Francis Castilion (1561–1638), MP, served in the Netherlands in 1586 and was a member of the Netherlands household in 1587. Francis Castilion may be the ‘young Mr Baptist’ on p. 196 below (n. 658) and the Francis Baptist at Leicester's funeral.

⁴¹⁵ Sir Piers Leigh of Lyme (Ches.). Leicester wrote to him on 19 November thanking him for sending a hind and a hound (JRL, Leigh of Lyme Correspondence, folder 1). The month in the date of the letter is obscured, but the letter does raise queries about the accuracy of the entries here.

⁴¹⁶ As Constable of Windsor Castle (see n. 299).

⁴¹⁷ Edward, 13th Lord Stafford (1536–1603). The proxy was recorded on 27 November. Leicester was Lord Steward for the parliament and in attendance at the opening on 23–4 November where he presided over the swearing in of the MPs (Wright, ii, 243). He was absent for the rest of November and on 1 and 2 December (attendances and other Lords business are taken from Lords Journals, ii (1581–1614), 61–108).Google Scholar

⁴¹⁸ (Sir) Francis Leak (c.1542–1626), of Sutton Scarsdale, Derbys., MP. In 1605 he recalled that he ‘was much bound in dude’ to Leicester (Lodge, , iii, 166Google Scholar). On 29 November Leicester wrote to Hotman from the Court (AMAE, CPH, II, fo. 159).

⁴¹⁹ Henry Neville, 6th Lord Abergavenny (d.1587). Although this entry would imply that it was received on 3 or 4 December, the proxy was recorded on 27 November.

⁴²⁰ Probably the same woman as the widow Croxton on p. 207 below, possibly related to Leicester's cook Paul Croxton*.

⁴²¹ Lewis, 3rd Lord Mordaunt (1538–1601), MP. Although there is a reference in his entry in Hasler to his ‘near friendship’ with Leicester, no evidence of this survives apart from land sales to him in 1564 and 1574 (Longleat MSS 476–7).

⁴²² Sir Henry Neville (1520–93) of Billingbere, Berks., MP. Although Neville appears to have been suspicious of Leicester at the beginning of the reign, Leicester appointed him keeper of several of the parks of Windsor in 1563 and lieutenant of Windsor Castle in 1576 (PRO, SC6/ElizI/148).

⁴²³ He is not mentioned in Donaldson, G., ‘Scottish Presbyterian Exiles in England 1584–8’, in Scottish Church History (Edinburgh, 1985), pp. 178–90.Google Scholar

⁴²⁴ Leicester attended the Lords on 4–6, 9–10, 14–5, 19 and 21 December.

⁴²⁵ See also the references in nn. 577, 595 below, probably from the well at King's Newnham.

⁴²⁶ It is possible that the name is Trench rather than Trencher.

⁴²⁷ This entry suggests that 16 December was the date of the ‘Lambeth Conference’, which Leicester called to an end ‘as it grew late’ (Seconde Parte of a Reg., i, 283).Google Scholar

⁴²⁸ John Underbill (d.1592), a former chaplain, rector of Lincoln College from 1577, following a disputed election in which Leicester played a controversial role (see Williams, ‘State, Church and University, 425–9), and Bishop of Oxford 1589–92.

⁴²⁹ Leonard Featherstone, a member of the Warwickshire classis. He is also identified as vicar of Hampton in Arden in Adams, J.C., Hampton in Arden. A Warwickshire Village (Birmingham, n.d.), p. 52Google Scholar, but in the 1586 survey of the ministry in Warwickshire (Seconde Parte of a Reg., ii, 174Google Scholar), which describes him as ‘no allowed preacher, but dilligent in his cure and honest’ he is identified as vicar of Long Itchington. Both were manors of Leicester's.

⁴³⁰ This is one of several occasions in 1584–5 when Leicester is found presiding over the Waltham Forest court (see p. 242 below, and BL, Harl. MS 6993, fo. 70, and CSPF, 1585–6, 331Google Scholar, to Burghley, 8 July 1584 and 29 Jan. 1586). He does not appear to have held the keepership of Waltham, but on 25 November 1585 he was appointed Chief Justice in Eyre of the Forests south of the Trent (PRO, C66/1271). This office had held by the Earl of Sussex until his death in October 1583, and Leicester may have been acting in a temporary capacity in the interval. (Sir) Philip Butler (d.1592) of Watton Woodhall, Herts., MP, was married to Sir Francis Knollys’ daughter Catherine, served in the Netherlands 1586, and was a supporter of the pall at Leicester's funeral. He is referred to frequently below.

⁴³¹ The Court removed to Greenwich just before Christmas where it remained until February.

⁴³² The Lords did not sit on the 18th.

⁴³³ Gabriel Blike (c.1520–92) of Massington, Herefs. and Churcham, Glos., MP. Blike was a central, if shadowy, figure in Leicester's Gloucestershire connection throughout the 1570s and 80s, see ‘West Midlands’, 45, ‘House of Commons’, 221, and further references belowi He attended Leicester's funeral.

⁴³⁴ Probably George Gifford (d.1620), the suspended vicar of St Peter's and All Saints', Maldon, and an active member of the classical movement. He served as a chaplain in the Netherlands, see p. 368, n. 719 below.

⁴³⁵ Presumably the wands carried by Household officers. Leopold von Wedel observed his presence with the other Household officers carrying their staves at a banquet at Hampton Court on 27 December (Klarwill, p. 335). The absence of any reference to Hampton Court here suggests that it may be an error for Greenwich.

⁴³⁶ Probably Mrs Lettice Barrett, the Countess's maid, to whom Leicester left £100 in his 1582 will, and the Mrs Lettice at his funeral. There is a further reference to her on p. 306 below.

⁴³⁷ (Sir) Francis Knollys the younger (1550–1648), MP. He commanded the Galleon Leicester on the West Indies Voyage, was captain of Leicester's guard in the Netherlands in 1587, and had a chamber at Leicester House. He is more likely than his father to have been the Sir Francis Knollys among the knights at Leicester's funeral. The identity of Mr Blunt is unclear.

⁴³⁸ Patrick, Master of Gray (d. 1611), later 6th Lord Gray, James VI's current favourite. His embassy in England (October 1584–January 1585) was possibly the most controversial episode of his notorious career. Sent to plead for Mary, he was won over by Leicester, Walsingham and Philip Sidney to support the English interest. Some of his subsequent correspondence with Leicester is printed in T. Thomson (ed.), Letters and papers relating to Patrick, Master of Gray (Bannatyne Club, xlviii, 1835).

⁴³⁹ Leicester wrote to Davison from Greenwich on 31 December (PRO, SP83/23/art. 97).

⁴⁴⁰ Presumably the Queen's pages. If Leicester continued to give New Year's presents to the personnel of the Household generally, as he did in 1560 and 1561, these must have been entered in another account.

⁴⁴¹ Sir John Perrot (c.1528/9–92), MP, Lord Deputy 1584–88. Perrot's letters to Leicester for this period are copied in his letterbook (Bodl., MS Perrot 1), but none from Leicester have survived. Perrot's letter of 17 February 1585 (fo. 64) acknowledges receipt of one from Leicester of 4 January. Bleke was probably Gabriel, see n. 433 above, who had served in Ireland in the early 1550s and may have retained some Irish interests.

⁴⁴² The Old Kent Road.

⁴⁴³ Henry Seckford, Groom of the Privy Chamber 1559–1603, Keeper of the Privy Purse from 1570.

⁴⁴⁴ At the beginning of 1585 Walter Ralegh, an Esquire of the Body since 1581, was about to achieve some prominence at Court, and preparing the voyage to Virginia. Although one of Leicester's principal ‘backbiters’ in 1586–7, he had looked to him for patronage in the early 1580s. Presumably his blackamore was not the same man as the blackamore mentioned above, see n. 364.

⁴⁴⁵ Probably Henry (d. 1599), son of Henry Macwilliam, the Gentleman Pensioner, see n. 81 above.

⁴⁴⁶ Probably Barnaby Benison, preacher of London, imprisoned by Bishop Aylmer in 1584, who in turn was probably the Barnabas Benison, who matriculated at Trinity College (Cant.) in 1566 and was ordained a deacon in 1568. On 14 November 1584 the Privy Council, Leicester among them, ordered Aylmer to free him. Leicester may have been anonymous Councillor to whom he petitioned in 1580. See Seconde Parte of a Reg, i, 246–7Google Scholar. There are also possible references to him on pp. 234, 307 below.

⁴⁴⁷ Probably Philip Babbington, who served in the Netherlands in 1586. This entry marks the beginning of Leicester's second visit to his son during the period of this account, it probably began on 8 January. Parliament had been prorogued on 21 December until 4 February.

⁴⁴⁸ Gyles Bridges, 3rd Lord Chandos (1548–94). He was an assistant mourner at Leicester's funeral.

⁴⁴⁹ William James (d. 1617), a former chaplain, Archdeacon of Coventry 1577–84, Dean of Christ Church from 1584, vice-chancellor of Oxford 1589 and Bishop of Durham 1606–17. Leicester employed him in the Netherlands in 1586 and he is said to have attended Leicester on his deathbed. The expenses of Leicester's visit are recorded in Christ Church, Treasurer's Book xii.b.27, fos. 33–5, and it is also discussed in Boas, F.S., University Drama in the Tudor Age (Oxford, 1914), p. 192Google Scholar, where it is suggested that Leicester was accompanied by Sir Philip Sidney and the and Earl of Pembroke. For a possible connection to the revival of Oxford University Press, see n. 488 below.

⁴⁵⁰ Lawrence Humphrey (1527–1590), president of Magdalen College, vice-chancellor of Oxford at Leicester's nomination 1567–76.

⁴⁵¹ Alberico Gentili (1551–1608), appointed Regis Professor of Civil Law by Leicester in 1580. Atye may have been a personal friend, for evidence of correspondence between them survives (see PRO, SP12/147/43, Gentili to Atye, 27 Jan. 1581).

⁴⁵² Lord Thomas Howard (1561–1626), the future Earl of Suffolk, was Norfolk's second son. George, 3rd Earl of Cumberland (1558–1605), was married to Bedford's daughter Margaret, who is referred to on p. 315 below.

⁴⁵³ Probably John Arundel, who served in the Netherlands in 1586, and claimed a debt of £1050 from Leicester's estate.

⁴⁵⁴ (Sir) Henry Unton (1558–96), MP, son of Edward (see above n. 15), and the future ambassador. He served in the Netherlands in 1586, but is usually described as a follower of Hatton's.

⁴⁵⁵ Son of Humphrey Ashfield (see n. 390 above). He served in the Netherlands in 1586, see Hasler sub Thomas Peniston.

⁴⁵⁶ Sir John Harington (1540–1613) of Combe Abbey, Wars., MP. He served in the Netherlands in 1586, and was an assistant mourner at both Sidney's and Leicester's funerals. In 1588–89 he was keeper of Kenilworth Castle for Warwick. There are several further references to him below.

⁴⁵⁷ Richard Fiennes (1555–1613) of Broughton Castle, Oxon., MP, later Lord Saye and Sele. He obtained Leicester's support for his claim to the barony of Saye and Sele, see Hist MSS Comm., Bath MSS, v, 91, Leicester to Shrewsbury, 30 May 1588, and Calendar of the Manscripts of the … Marquis of Salisbury, iii (1889), 529, 670.Google Scholar

⁴⁵⁸ Possibly William Yates, who attended Leicester's funeral.

⁴⁵⁹ Possibly George Tipping, who served in the Netherlands in 1586.

⁴⁶⁰ See the discussion of Robert Dudley's residence in nn. 392–3.

⁴⁶¹ Probably (Sir) Henry Poole (1541–1616) of Sapperton Glos., MP, rather than his father Sir Giles (see n. 307 above). Poole attended Leicester's funeral.

⁴⁶² See n. 396 above.

⁴⁶³ Sir Thomas Cecil (1542–1623), MP, Burghley's son. There is evidence, including several further references here, that he and Leicester were on quite friendly terms. He was appointed captain of the Brill in 1585.

⁴⁶⁴ Henry, 1st Lord Compton (1538–89) of Compton Wynyates, Wars., MP.

⁴⁶⁵ This and subsequent references to Dr James are probably not to the Dean of Christ Church (see n. 449 above), but to Dr John James (d. 1601), physician and Keeper of the State Papers 1581–1601, MP. Leicester appears to have been one of his patients and may have obtained his appointment as Keeper. He attended Leicester in the Netherlands in 1586, where he kept the diary employed below (see Introduction, p. 32), and also attended Leicester's funeral.

⁴⁶⁶ Richard Topcliffe (1531–1604), MP. Topcliffe was a deponent in the Sir Robert Dudley case, but his deposition has not survived. He later referred to his relations with Leicester and Warwick as being ‘never for that lucre which was the lure to many followers’ (Lodge, iii, 428–9).

⁴⁶⁷ Thomas Ardern accompanied the Earl of Derby (see n. 494 below) on his embassy to France at the end of January. Whether Ardern had any political errand is not clear, but his domestic tasks as outlined here are confirmed by two letters from Leicester to Jean Hotman from the Court on 23 and 24 January (FSL, MS Vb 282, and AMAE, CPH, II, fo. 249). Hotman and Ardern were to arrange for Leicester's kitchen boy Paul Croxton to be trained by 'some good principall cook in Parris’, and to hire a French cook and a gardener. Leicester had first asked Hotman to look for a gardener in November (see n. 401 above), but when the man reached Wanstead c. 19 February (see p. 225) he was found unsatisfactory and he returned to France in April (see pp. 240–1). The cook, Pierre or Pierrot Moreau*, on the other hand, was a great success. Having sent Hotman detailed instructions for Croxton's supervision in Paris, Leicester decided in April 1585 that the political situation in France was too dangerous and recalled him, see AMAE, CPH, IV, fo. 47, Leicester to Hotman, 10 Apr. 1585.

⁴⁶⁸ The Earl of Lincoln (n. 10 above) died on 16 January 1585, for his funeral see p. 224 below. For the Countess of Lincoln, see n. 166 above.

⁴⁶⁹ Probably Thomas Warcop, see n. 181 above.

⁴⁷⁰ (Sir) Robert Alexander was the son of Alexander Zinzan, an Albanian Rider of the Stables in the 1550s and 1560s. He was a member of the Stables staff by 1576 and by 1588–9 an Equerry and Rider (PRO, E101/107/33, Stables wage list 31 Elizabeth). However, his sons were named Henry and Sigismund (see Young, , p. 69Google Scholar), and the reference may be to Alexander himself. See also n. 551 below for his journey to Scotland to deliver a gift of horses to James VI.

⁴⁷¹ Hugh Underbill (c.1520–1593), the father of Leicester's servant Thomas Underbill*, see Morrison, J.H., The Underhills of Warwickshire (Cambridge, 1932), pp. 62–4.Google Scholar

⁴⁷² The Court removed from Greenwich to Somerset House c. 4 February, which coincided with the opening of the new session of parliament. Leicester attended the Lords on 7–9, 15–18, 20 and 22–3 February.

⁴⁷³ The goldsmith Robert Brandon, see also n. 45 above.

⁴⁷⁴ The journey to Windsor was to attend the Earl of Lincoln's funeral (CA, Dethick Book of Funerals, i, fo. 15. The day is not given, presumably it was the 11th). Burghley was also among the mourners and both he and Leicester were absent from the Lords on 10–11 February.

⁴⁷⁵ See n. 467 above.

⁴⁷⁶ A Mr Herdson attended the Lord of Denbigh's funeral, but no further information about him has been forthcoming.

⁴⁷⁷ Castelnau, his despatches for January and February 1585 cannot be traced.

⁴⁷⁸ Sir Thomas Perrot (1553–94), MP. Son of Sir John (n. 441) and husband of Dorothy Devereux (n. 372). He was a witness to the Countess's jointure (15 July 1584), served in the Netherlands in 1586 and attended Sidney's funeral.

⁴⁷⁹ Given the proximity of Leicester House to Somerset House, it is difficult to understand why it was necessary for Leicester to move his kitchen and pantry equipment, unless they were being provided for the Queen's use.

⁴⁸⁰ The Court removed to Greenwich between 23 and 26 February.

⁴⁸¹ The subject of this business is unclear. On 1 March Burghley wrote to Walsingham that Leicester had relayed the Queen's wish that the Lords adjourn for a few days so that Commons could hasten the subsidy (PRO, SP 12/177/1).

⁴⁸² The future West Indies Voyage was then in abeyance. Mr Gifford was probably George Gifford, see n. 371 above.

⁴⁸³ Dr William Parry was executed in Palace Yard, Westminster, on 2 March 1585.

⁴⁸⁴ Sir Lewis Bellenden, the Justice Clerk, see also p. 231 below. He received his instructions on 16 February and was in England during March and April. Some correspondence to him from James VI survives, EUL, Laing MS I, arts. 10–12. His embassy is discussed in Lee, M., John Maitland of Thirlestane and the foundation of the Stewart despotism in Scotland (Princeton, 1959), pp. 65–6CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Leicester later referred to him as ‘my friend’, Warrender Papers, i, 188Google Scholar, to John Maitland of Thirlestane, 28 July 1585.

⁴⁸⁵ Leicester attended the Lords on 1, 4, 10–11, 13, 15, 18–9, 22–3, 27 and 29 March, when the parliament was prorogued. On the 4th Burghley informed Walsingham (PRO, SP12/177/10) that Leicester and some other Councillors were meeting at his house (Cecil House on the Strand near the Savoy) in the afternoon to discuss how to publicise Parry's execution. ‘L House’ may be an abbreviation for ‘Lord Treasurer's House’.

⁴⁸⁶ Dr. Thomas Holland (d. 1612), fellow of Balliol, Regius Professor of Divinity 1589–1612. Holland served Leicester as a chaplain in the Netherlands in 1587 (see Netherlands Household 1587), and possibly in 1586 as well. He also attended his funeral.

⁴⁸⁷ This visit to the Savoy was probably related to the important Council meeting held at Cecil House on the 8th. On the 6th Walsingham had learned from Derby and Sir Edward Stafford in Paris that Henry III had rejected a Dutch request to intervene (Bodl., MS Tanner 79, fo. 234–7, Derby and Stafford to Walsingham, 3 March). On the 8th the Council reviewed the Netherlands situation and decided to go ahead alone. Only a fragment of one of the memoranda survives, but in numerous copies, see, e.g. BL, Sloane MS 326, fo. 88–93, and Harl. MS 168, fos. 102–5. Leicester wrote a quick note to Davison later in the day to let him know (PRO, SP83/1/126), and Walsingham sent him a full account on the 9th (BL, Harl. MS 285, fos. 123–4). Walsingham and Leicester saw the Dutch agents in the morning of the 11th and then at Greenwich on the 12th, see ARA, Eerste Afdeeling, Regeringsarchieven, lias I-90B, Ortel and Gryse to the States-General, 14/24 March.

⁴⁸⁸ John Case (0.1540–1599), the Oxford philosopher. This entry is of some significance for Case dedicated two books to Leicester, STC 4762 Summa veterum Interpretum in universam dialecticam Aristotelis (licenced in August 1584), and STC 4759 Speculum moralium questionum in universam ethicen Aristotelis (1585). The latter was the first work published by the revived Oxford University Press, which had been refounded following a petition to Leicester in 1584. Case's dedication is dated ‘Nonis Martii 1585’ (the 7th) and thanks Leicester for his patronage of the press. This may have been agreed when he visited the University in January, for a committee to supervise the press had been set up in December 1584, although the Crown did not give final permission until 1586. The chronology is easier if the reference is to Case's earlier book, but, assuming Case meant 1585 and not 1585/6 in his dedication, the coincidence is intriguing, however tight the timing. It is possible that this was a manuscript produced in advance of going to press. See Gibson, S. and Rogers, D.M., ‘The Earl of Leicester and printing at Oxford’, Bodleian Library Record, xxviii (1949), 240–5Google Scholar, and Schmitt, C.B., John Case and Aristotelianism in Renaissance England (Kingston, Ont., 1983), pp. 86–7.Google Scholar

⁴⁸⁹ Possibly one of the residents of his hospital at Warwick.

⁴⁹⁰ (Sir) Thomas West (0.1530–1602) of Offington (Sus.), MF and later the 11th Lord De La Warre. Not only was there was an established connection with the Wests through the Duchess of Northumberland's mother, but West was also married to Sir Francis Knollys's daughter Anne. He served in the Netherlands in 1586 and attended Leicester's funeral. This entry may be the first reference to Robert Dudley's residence at Offington, see n. 499 below.

⁴⁹¹ The Queen's footmen came under the authority of the Master of the Horse.

⁴⁹² Bellenden, see n. 484.

⁴⁹³ William Herle (d. 1588/9) MP. The earliest item of an extensive correspondence dates from 1561.

⁴⁹⁴ Henry Stanley, 4th Earl of Derby (1531–93), then on his return from France. These letters have not survived. Leicester had worked hard over the past five years to win Derby's loyalty and friendship.

⁴⁹⁵ Probably Lady Dorothy Stafford (d. 1603), Gentlewoman of the Privy Chamber 1559–1603, Mistress of the Robes. There is evidence an old friendship but it was strained after her son Sir Edward Stafford (the ambassador in Paris) married Douglas Sheffield (Sir Robert Dudley's mother) in 1579.

⁴⁹⁶ Probably Richard Cavendish (d. c.1601), MR An established follower (see ‘House of Commons’, 228Google Scholar), he served in the Netherlands in 1586, see the numerous references to Mr Candyse below.

⁴⁹⁷ The Queen visited Lambeth Palace between 28 and 30 March, see also p. 238 below.

⁴⁹⁸ William Hunnis (c. 1530–97), Gentleman of the Chapel Royal and Master of the Children. For his relations with Leicester see May, S.W., ‘William Hunnis and the 1577 Paradise of Dainty Devices’, Studies in Bibliography, xxviii (1975), 74–5.Google Scholar

⁴⁹⁹ As noted in his entry in the Index of Servants, the evidence of this book confirms Owen Jones's later claims that Leicester had placed him with his son at Offington when Robert Dudley was about ten years old (see his deposition in 1604, CKS, U1475/L2/2, it. 2). However, the book is equally clear that in late 1584–early 1585 Robert Dudley was living at Oxford or Whitney and therefore he did not move to Offington until the spring of 1585.

⁵⁰⁰ Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford (1550–1604). Whatever their political antagonisms in recent years, Leicester was presently negotiating the purchase of Cranbrook from Oxford, see p. 264, n. 548 below.

⁵⁰¹ (Sir) Edward Dyer (1543–1607), MP. Although Dyer's close association with Leicester began in the late 1560s, there is no positive evidence for the claim that he had been Leicester's secretary then. He does not appear in the 1567 livery lists. He was a deponent in the Sir Robert Dudley Case, but his deposition, which might have clarified their relationship, has, unfortunately, not survived. Cf. Sargent, R.M., At the Court of Queen Elizabeth: the Life and Lyrics of Sir Edward Dyer (1935), p. 18Google Scholar, ‘his position with Leicester appears to have been that of a confidential agent or gentleman secretary’, and n. 534 below on Sir John Wolley.

⁵⁰² This is the earliest reference in this book to the and Earl of Essex. They become more frequent in 1586, when he was general of the horse in the Netherlands.

⁵⁰³ John de Vic, see also p. 273 below.

⁵⁰⁴ Presumably the Galleon Leicester, see also p. 252 below.

⁵⁰⁵ Probably Jane, the wife of Thomas Trentham (1538–87) of Rocester, Staffs., MR Trentham may have been the Thomas Trenton who received a badge in 1567, his son Francis served in the Netherlands in 1586.

⁵⁰⁶ See n. 467 above. On 10 April Leicester wrote to Hotman from the Court to say that he was sending the gardener home, as ‘he hath very little or no skill in that profession, neither do I find him apt to conceive and to be instructed in the same’ (AMAE, CPH, IV, fo. 47).

⁵⁰⁷ This letter has not survived, but it was probably related to the report of the commission the Queen had appointed to adjudicate the financial settlement following the Countess's separation from the Earl, which was revealed to Shrewsbury on 24 April, see Durant, D.N., Bess of Hardwick Portrait of an Elizabethan Dynast (1977), pp. 136–8Google Scholar. Leicester may have informed her of the decision, see his letters to the Lord Chancellor, 30 April and 1 May (BL, Lansdowne MS 44, fos. 36–v, 38).

⁵⁰⁸ Possibly (Sir) Robert Wroth (1539–1606), MP, but Robert Wrote* is more likely.

⁵⁰⁹ Henry, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (c. 1538–1601). Leicester played a large role in arranging his marriage to Sidney's daughter Mary in 1577 and left gifts to both of them in his 1582 will.

⁵¹⁰ James Quarles (d. 1599), purveyor. Quarles was the victualler of the 1587 Netherlands campaign, succeeded Edward Bashe (n. 305 above) as Surveyor of Naval Victuals, and became a Clerk Comptroller of the Green Cloth in 1592–3. He attended Leicester's funeral.

⁵¹¹ Probably William Byrde (n. 53 above), see Bodl., MS Tanner 79, fo. 207, Byrde to Leicester, 6 Sept. 1583, for evidence of their recent association.

⁵¹² Sir Thomas Shirley the elder (1542–1612), of Wiston, Suss., MR Shirley served in the Netherlands in 1586, became Treasurer at War in the Netherlands 1587–97, and attended Leicester's funeral.

⁵¹³ (Sir) George Farmer (d.1612) of Easton Neston, Northants. He served in the Netherlands in 1586, attended Sidney's funeral and claimed a debt of £106 from Leicester's estate. See also p. 301 below.

⁵¹⁴ See n. 405 above. On the 24th Leicester wrote to Davison referring him to a letter from the Queen for instructions, ‘myself coming short to the same, having been two or three days at my house at Wanstead’ (BL, Harl. MS 285, fo. 127, presumably from the Court). The Queen's letter does not appear to have survived, but it is also referred to in Walsingham to Davison, 22 April, CSPF, 1584–5, 423–4.Google Scholar

⁵¹⁵ (Sir) Roger Williams (d.1595), who went to see the King of Navarre, see CSPF, 1584–5, 448Google Scholar, Walsingham to Philippe de Mornay, 1 May. During April Leicester had made several offers, with the Queen's approval, of military assistance to Henry III against the house of Guise, see Castelnau's despatches of 4/14 April, 16/26 April, 24 April/4 May (Egerton, pp. 201–4), and Henry III to Castlenau, 7/17 April, BN, VCC 470, fos. 113–4. Leicester wanted Henry to take action against the publishers of Leicester's Commonwealth, but he also feared, as he wrote to Hotman on 5 June, that ‘you will see a horyble massacre’ in France (AMAE, CPH, II, fo. 160). On 1/11 May Castelnau reported that together with the mission of Sir Arthur Champernown to Navarre ‘il y va encores deulx ou trois captaines, de ceulx qui ont eu charge aulx guerres de Flandres, pour voir ce que lad. Royne pourra fere pour luy [Navarre]’ (Egerton, p. 204). It is possible that Williams carried an offer from Leicester of assistance to Navarre. Simultaneously Navarre sent Jacques de Pardilhan, Sieur de Segur, to England (BN, VCC 401, fo. 77, Navarre to Leicester, 28 April/8 May). This is also the first reference to Sir Philip Sidney in this book.

⁵¹⁶ Sir Henry Sidney.

⁵¹⁷ Wotton-under-Edge (Gloucs.), one of the manors obtained by Leicester and Warwick after they revived the ‘Great Berkeley Law-Suit’ in 1572–3, see ‘West Midlands’, 26, 34, 47–8.

⁵¹⁸ His tour in May–July 1584, see n. 366 above.

⁵¹⁹ The Court removed to Croydon for a brief visit at the beginning of May. The entries here suggest between 28 April and 3 May. The reference to the tabling house is explained by a postscript to Castelnau's despatch of 1/11 May. He reported that he hoped to see Leicester ‘d'icy à deulx jours, en une assemblée qui ce fet jeudy, à sept mil de ceste ville, pour veoir quelques exercices et plésirs, entre aultres de voir courir une cantité de chevaulx, selon le coustume de ce Royaulme, avec grand pris pour ceulx qui sont les plus vistes et des gaigeures de grandes sommes d'argent’ (Egerton, p. 205). There is no other occasion in May 1585 that fits this description, but, assuming this version is accurate, it is difficult to reconcile the days and the date.

⁵²⁰ For Benington see Introduction, p. 26. Given the dates of the race meeting at Croydon, the best date for this fishing trip is 28 April. On the 27th Leicester wrote to Lord Chief Justice Wray from Leicester House (Puttick and Simpson Catalogue, 29 July 1861, lot 814, present location unknown); according to the entries on this page he was with the Court at Croydon on the 29th and 30th; and he wrote to the Earl of Shrewsbury from the Court on 30 April and 1 May (Hist MSS Comm, Bath MSS, v, 55–6, 69 (misdated to 1586)). See also the entry to bringing trout from Benington to Croydon on the next page.

⁵²¹ Leicester had held the lordship of Denbigh since 1563. Colsell is presumably Colshill, Wars., the home of his friend and follower George Digby, see n. 732 below.

⁵²² The Archbishop of Canterbury's house.

⁵²³ Thomas Holmes, searcher of Southampton. He had some involvement in the administration of Leicester's farm of the customs on sweet wines, see BL, Cotton MS Otho E VIII, fo. 55, Holmes to Atye, 5 Jan. [1581?].

⁵²⁴ Anne (Sackville), wife of Gregory Fiennes, Lord Dacre ‘of the South’ (1539–94), and possibly a member of the Privy Chamber.

⁵²⁵ (Sir) Richard Martin (1534–1617), goldsmith. Martyn was appointed warden of the mint in 1572, became an alderman in 1578, governor of the Russia Company by 1584 and later lord mayor, see Donald, , Elizabethan Monopolies, pp. 43–7Google Scholar, and Willian, T.S., The Early History of the Russia Company 1553–1603 (Manchester, 1956), p. 209Google Scholar. He supplied commodities for sale by the Barbary Company (see Evelyn MS 155) and claimed a debt of £2500 from Leicester's estate. See also the numerous references below.

⁵²⁶ Richard Mompesson (d.1627), of Salisbury, MP, identified as an Esquire of the Stables by 1574 in Hasler, but not found in the Stables lists of 1576 or 1589. Mr Varnham was possibly John Farnham (1515–87), Gentleman Pensioner, MP.

⁵²⁷ Sir Thomas Leighton (1535–1611), MP, Governor of Guernsey from 1570 and married to Sir Francis Knollys' daughter Elizabeth. Leighton had been a follower of Leicester's since the Le Havre expedition of 1562–3; he was a deponent in the Sir Robert Dudley case, but his deposition has not survived. In April he had been sent on a special embassy to Henry III, and the stocks may have been a present from France.

⁵²⁸ Richard Weston (1564–1613) of Sutton Place, Surr., MP. He served in the Netherlands in 1586 and named a chamber at Sutton Place after Leicester.

⁵²⁹ Probably the Galleon Leicester, it may have been fitting out in preparation for what became the West Indies Voyage, see Adams, ‘Outbreak of the Elizabethan Naval War’, pp. 56–7.

⁵³⁰ Gilbert, Lord Talbot (1552–1616), later 7th Earl of Shrewsbury.

⁵³¹ Richard Tarlton (d. 1588) was a member of the Lord Chamberlain's men 1570–1583 and then the Queen's men (see Bradbrook, M.C., The Rise of the Common Player (1962), pp. 162–7Google Scholar). There is no evidence of a direct connection to Leicester.

⁵³² Thomas Sackville, 1st Lord Buckhurst (1535/6–1608), MP.

⁵³³ Given the reference to Lady Leighton's nurse on p. 256 below, probably Sir Thomas (n. 527), who had two children, though his nephew Thomas Leighton (1554?–1613), MP, who served in the Netherlands in 1586, is also possible.

⁵³⁴ (Sir) John Wolley (d. 1596), Secretary for the Latin Tongue from 1568, MR Wolley had chambers in Durham House in 1565 (DP Box V, fo. 215) and received livery in 1567; he is more likely than Edward Dyer (see n. 501 above) to have been Leicester's secretary in the mid-1560s.

⁵³⁵ Probably Thomas Markham (1523–1607), Gentleman Pensioner, MP.

⁵³⁶ Probably John Farnham (n. 526), though it might be a form of Vernon.

⁵³⁷ Leicester wrote to Dom António, the Portuguese pretender, inviting him to come to England, from the Court on 24 May (printed in Durand-Lapie, P., ‘Un Roi détroné réfugié en France: Dom Antoine Ier de Portugal (1580–1595)’, Revue d'histoire diplomatique, xviii (1904), 640)Google Scholar. A delegation from the borough of Warwick finally obtained an interview at ‘Leicester Garden’ on the 28th and recorded that he was ‘greatly occupied in matters of state & came seldome abroad’ (Black Book, pp. 357–8Google Scholar). He signed the Council's licence for Castelnau to depart from England on 31 May (BN, VCC 470, fo. 95), and wrote to the governor of Sluys from Greenwich on 1 June (PRO, SP104/162/128–9).

⁵³⁸ Hatton.

⁵³⁹ He must have returned to Greenwich on the 5th, for he wrote to Sir Amyas Paulet from the Court then, apologising for his ‘great and continual business’ (BL, Lansdowne MS 45, fo. 73). He also wrote to Hotman ‘in haste’, apologising for the failure of an earlier letter and money to reach him, praising the new French cook and reporting the departure of the gardener (AMAE, CPH, II, fo. 160).

⁵⁴⁰ On the 6th Walsingham informed Edward Wotton (see n. 545 below) that he had just discussed his recent despatch from Scotland with Leicester (Hamilton Papers, ii, 648).Google Scholar

⁵⁴¹ STC 12299 Planetomachia. On the 8th Joachim Ortel sent Leicester his copy of the Speculo delle Navigationi (The Mariner's Mirror, published in the Netherlands in 1584), see BL, Cotton MS Galba C VIII, fo. 78, Ortel to Leicester, 8 June.

⁵⁴² He wrote to Sir Walter Mildmay from the Court on the 10th (BL, Egerton MS 2603, fo. 45).

⁵⁴³ (Sir) Roger Townshend (1544–1590) of Raynham (Norf.), MP. Townshend had leased the Robsart manors (Syderstone and Bircham Newton) from Leicester in 1579 (Brevis Abstract, fo. 22). He owed Leicester £500 in 1589.

⁵⁴⁴ According to Chambers, the Queen visited Theobalds c. 18 June, but the 14th–15th seems more likely from the entries here and Walsingham's reference to her ‘late repeire to Theobaldes’ in a letter to Edward Wotton of the 17th (Hamilton Papers, ii, 653Google Scholar). Castelnau was also there, see BN, VCC 470, fo. 127, Henry III to Castelnau, 5/15 July. Burghley later claimed that he first heard of the Queen's decision to extend the prorogation of the parliament (which had been prorogued to 21 June) from Leicester at Theobalds (PRO, SP12/180/76, to William Herle, 18 July).

⁵⁴⁵ (Sir) Edward Wotton (1548–1628), of Boughton Malherbe, Kent, MR Wotton was ambassador in Scotland between May and October 1585, and Walsingham's correspondence with him (printed in Hamilton Papers, ii, 643–705Google Scholar) is an extremely valuable source for the events of the summer. Wotton was a pallbearer at Sidney's funeral and attended Leicester's funeral. This letter has not survived but see n. 551 below.

⁵⁴⁶ See n. 551 below.

⁵⁴⁷ Probably Simon Bowyer (c.1550–1606), Gentleman Usher from 1569, MP. Although Bowyer is the hero of the much-repeated anecdote of Leicester's rebuff from Sir Robert Naunton's Fragmenta Regalia, Leicester had earlier referred to him as ‘my frend Mr Bower’ (LPL, MS 697, fo. 19, to Shrewsbury, 15 May 1569).

⁵⁴⁸ The manor of Cranbrook, purchased to expand Wanstead Park, as Leicester noted in his 1587 will. The conveyance was dated 9 June, see Essex RO, D/DCw/T46/56, defeasance between Leicester and Israel Amyce, 6 July 1585.

⁵⁴⁹ Arthur, 14th Lord Grey de Wilton (1536–93), former Lord Deputy of Ireland. ‘Since my father's death you have been he that only I have depended on and followed’, DP II, fo. 296, Grey to Leicester, n.d. [1588?]. He was considered as a possible alternative to Leicester as commander in the Netherlands (see Appendix II), and Leicester wanted him as his second-in-command, but debts to the Crown incurred during his Irish government prevented his appointment.

⁵⁵⁰ On 5 June (see n. 539 above) Leicester promised to send Hotman the money he had not received earlier by a safer means. Arthur Atye asked Hotman on 20 July if he had received it yet (AMAE, CPH, II, fo. 89).

⁵⁵¹ As part of the diplomatic campaign to win him over, a stream of presents was sent to James VI in the summer of 1585, the grandest being a gift of horses conveyed by Robert Alexander (see n. 470 above). Although organised by Leicester, this gift was probably in in the Queen's name, for Alexander's expenses (£47 3s) were later paid by the Treasurer of the Chamber (BL, Harl. MS 1641, fo. 15). Alexander received a warrant on 12 May (PRO, SO3/1/18v), arrived in Edinburgh on 8 June and presented the horses on the 12th, see BL, Cotton MS Titus B VII, fo. 2, Alexander to Leicester, 13 June. Edward Wotton also wrote to Leicester on the 13th (BL, Cotton MS Caligula C IX, fo. 173), reporting Alexander's arrival and that James was looking forward to a gift of buckhounds promised by Leicester in a now-missing letter of the 3rd. This entry may be a reference to these horses, or to a later set. For other gifts, see the next page.

⁵⁵² Probably Christopher Carleill (1551?–93), Walsingham's stepson and lieutenant-general of the West Indies Voyage. See Lloyd, R., Elizabethan Adventurer. A Life of Captain Christopher Carleill (1974).Google Scholar

⁵⁵³ Probably (Sir) Geoffrey Fenton (1539–1603), Secretary of State in Ireland from 1580, who brought despatches from Ireland, see Bodl., MS Perrot 1, fo. 110, Perrot to Leicester, 10 June. Fenton had a long-standing association with Leicester and Warwick, and may have been Warwick's secretary in the 1570s.

⁵⁵⁴ There is no other evidence of the Queen's dining at Leicester House in June or July. It is curious that no reference is made to the arrival of the Dutch commissioners to negotiate the treaty of assistance. They arrived at Margate on 24 June, Gravesend on the 26th, had their first audience with the Queen at Greenwich on 29 June and their first meeting with the Privy Council on 1 July (see their Rapport, ARA, Eerste Afdeling, Staten Generaal 8299).

⁵⁵⁵ Edward Edgeworth (d.1595), a former chaplain. He was rector of St Anne and St Agnes, Aldegate 1579–87, rector of Barking 1584–7, and then Bishop of Down and Connor 1593–5. He may have been Irish by birth.

⁵⁵⁶ Lloyd was sent to appeal for the release of the admiral of Zeeland, Willem van Bloys alias Treslong, who had been imprisoned in February for supposed negligence in an attempt to relieve Antwerp. Presumably he carried Elizabeth's letter on the subject of 11 July (ARA, Eerste Afdeling, Regeringsarchieven, I–90B) with him, in which case he could not have left before then. His interview with the Raad van State can be found in the entries for 28–9 July/7–8 August in ARA, Eerste Afdeling, RvS 3 [Register van Resoluties 1584–5], fos. 330–32v.

⁵⁵⁷ The great ship Triumph.

⁵⁵⁸ The Earl of Warwick's house at Northaw, Herts.

⁵⁵⁹ Gawen or Gavin Smith, engineer, appointed trenchmaster in the Netherlands in 1586 (PRO, SP15/29/222, 338). BL, Harl. MS 286, fo. 147, is a letter from him to Leicester from Lübeck, 6 Sept. 1588. See also the references to him as a coach-maker below.

⁵⁶⁰ It is not clear who this was, for Sir Thomas Heneage's only child was a daughter, and his younger brother Michael, MP, married in 1577.

⁵⁶¹ (Sir) John Norris (1547–97), son of Henry, Lord Norris (see n. 148 above). He had been recalled from Ireland in May to command the troops to be sent to the Netherlands (Bodl., MS St. Amand 8 [Norris Papers], fo. 67, Walsingham to Norris, 12 May). Leicester later wrote in his Declaration (1587) following his quarrels with Norris in the Netherlands ‘It is well known that the Erie hath alwaies ben a goode frende to Sir John Norreys his howse and that he brought him uppe, he procured his first credytt in that country [the Netherlands], he caused him to be sent for out of Ireland for that service’ (BL, Add. MS 48116, fo. 77).

⁵⁶² The vagaries of Hand C create considerable difficulties in establishing the chronology of Leicester's movements from this point on. During July the Court removed from Greenwich to Nonsuch. According to Chambers this was between 20–24 July, and the Queen also visited Barn Elmes (11 July) and John Lacy's house at Putney (c. 27–9 July). At the same time the Council was also conducting the negotiations with the Dutch commissioners, initially at Greenwich, but also in London, at Walsingham's house (8 July) and at Cecil House (18 July), see ARA, Eerste Afdeling, Staten Generaal 8299. Leicester signed a Council circular for Drake's voyage on 11 July at Greenwich (PRO, SP46/17/172), and sent a letter to the Countess of Shrewsbury from Greenwich on the 12th (SP12/180/53). He wrote to Archbishop Whitgift from Court on the 14th for Thomas Cartwright (ITL, Petyt MS 538/52, fos. 19v–20), and Alexander Neville wrote to Whitgift on the 19th on instructions from Leicester delivered at Court on the 18th (BL, Lansdowne MS 45, fos. 98–100). Finally, Arthur Atye wrote to Hotman from the Court on the 20th, Leicester ‘being not himself at leisure’ (AMAE, CPH, II, fo. 89). The implication from the subsequent entries is that Leicester went to Nonsuch with his stuff c. 8–10 July and then returned to London (and presumably Greenwich as well) and ultimately went back to Nonsuch with the Court at some point after the 20th.

⁵⁶³ John Lacy's at Putney, possibly John Lacy the mercer, see n. 246 above. It is difficult not to associate this entry with the Queen's visit, see the previous note.

⁵⁶⁴ Presumably the Nicaches on p. 340 below. He cannot be otherwise identified.

⁵⁶⁵ Presumably c. 10 July, see n. 562.

⁵⁶⁶ Derby House on Cannon Row, Westminster.

⁵⁶⁷ On 4 July Howard of Effingham surrendered the lord chamberlaincy to Lord Hunsdon (see n. 57 above) and on the 8th was appointed Lord Admiral. In March 1583 Bernardino de Mendoza reported that Leicester and Howard had reached an agreement that when Lincoln died Leicester would succeed him as Lord Admiral and Howard become Master of the Horse. In 1585 he claimed to have information that Leicester was trying to prevent Howard succeeding Lincoln, see CSPSp, 1580–6, 452, 530Google Scholar. It is not clear how much truth there in this.

⁵⁶⁸ Presumably Drake's ships. On 14 July Lord Talbot wrote to the Earl of Rutland that he was going to see Drake's ships at Woolwich, ‘which sett forwards tomorrow’ (Hist MSS Comm, Rutland MSS, i, 177Google Scholar). However, Drake did not leave until August, see Adams, ‘Outbreak of the Elizabethan Naval War’, p. 57. The reference to Francis Knollys, who commanded the Galleon Leicester, under 30 July is also evidence of the delay.

⁵⁶⁹ A John Robinson served in the Netherlands 1586. He may have been one of the Drayton Basset Robinsons, see ‘West Midlands’, 48–9.

⁵⁷⁰ Presumably a present for Muley Ahmed, King of Morocco. The letters patent for the charter of the Barbary Company were issued on 5 July (PRO, C66/1266/1–3), and the Company's agent, Henry Roberts, departed for Morocco on 14 August (‘The Ambassage of Master Henry Roberts’, in Hakluyt, R., The Principal Navigations (Glasgow, 1903–1905), vi, 426)Google Scholar. See also Willan, T.S., ‘English Trade with Morocco’, Studies in Elizabethan Foreign Trade (Manchester, 1959), pp. 225–6.Google Scholar

⁵⁷¹ Leicester was appointed lord lieutenant of Hertfordshire and Essex on 3 July 1585. Commissions for raising troops for the Netherlands were drafted on 19 July ((PRO, SP12/180/80–5, see also BL, Add. MS 48084, f. 114).

⁵⁷² Ferdinando Stanley, Lord Strange (1559–94), later 5th Earl of Derby. The ‘Letter of Estate’, one of the tracts derived from Leicester's Commonwealth, accused Leicester of arranging his marriage to Alice, daughter of Sir John Spencer (see n. 599 below) in order to disparage the ancient nobility. See Peck, D.C., ‘“The Letter of Estate”: An Elizabethan Libel’, Notes and Queries, new ser. xxviii (1981), 34.Google Scholar

⁵⁷³ Sorting out the chronology is not easy here either. Leicester was at Court (i.e. Nonsuch) on 28 July (when he wrote to John Maitland of Thirlestane, Warrender Papers, i, 187–9Google Scholar) and presumably on 3 August (see n. 575 below). The entries suggest a certain amount of coming and going between Nonsuch and Wanstead, either between the 20th and 28th, or possibly between the 28th and 2 August.

⁵⁷⁴ Peregrine Bertie (1555–1601), Lord Willoughby d'Eresby, son of the Duchess of Suffolk (n. 320 above). Willoughby had been appointed ambassador to the King of Denmark at the end of June, but may not have left yet.

⁵⁷⁵ The chronology of these entries can be reconstructed in the following way. The dining of the Dutch commissioners at Nonsuch presumably took place on 3 August, for the treaty for the succour of Antwerp was signed on the 2nd, although the Provisional Treaty of Assistance was not signed until the 10th. On the 4th Leicester went back to London and Wanstead with the Dutch commissioners, then back to Nonsuch on the 5th via the Old Swan (Old Swan Stairs near Fishmongers' Hall) and Lambeth, returning to Leicester House on the 7th.

⁵⁷⁶ This is clearly out of sequence, Leicester was at Mr Heyden's on the 12th (see n. 580 below).

⁵⁷⁷ The beginning of Leicester's journey to Kenilworth, which thanks the correspondence it generated is relatively easy to reconstruct. He left Leicester House on Wednesday 11 August for Northaw where he spent the night (PRO, SP12/181/145, to Walsingham, 11 Aug., see also Hamilton Papers, ii, 678Google Scholar). Walsingham was planning to join him. On 30 July Walsingham informed Wotton ‘I am now going towardes the welles in Warwickshire, and shalbe absent from the courte a month or sixe weekes’ (Hamilton Papers, ii, 664Google Scholar). When Leicester departed on the 11th he was expecting Walsingham to follow and wrote, ‘God send you well to Warwyke water and that yt may do you as much good as I trust yt wyll do me’, but Walsingham later decided the weather was ‘unseasonable’, see n. 585 below.

⁵⁷⁸ On the 12th he wrote to James VI (Warrender Papers, i, 197–8Google Scholar) and Walsingham (SP12/181/146) from Northaw. He informed James that he had ‘obtained lycence of hir Majestie to vyssett some smale thingis of my owen in the countrey’, but his letter to Walsingham was concerned mainly with the Bedford wardship, a matter that caused some dispute over the next few weeks. 28 July had seen the near-simultaneous deaths of both the 2nd Earl of Bedford (see n. 43 above) and his heir Lord Russell, making Russell's young son (b. 1572) the new 3rd Earl. His mother, a daughter of Sir John Foster, was dead, and the Earl of Warwick (who was married to the 2nd Earl's daughter Anne) claimed the wardship. When Leicester (who was an executor of Bedford's will, PRO, PROB11/69 [FCC 59 Windsor], fos. 35O–51v) left Nonsuch he understood that the Queen had agreed that he and Warwick should have the wardship, and he wrote to Sir John Foster to that effect on 27 Aug. (see PRO, SP15/29/63, Foster to Leicester, 5 Sept.). Just before his departure from Leicester House he was visited by Lady Russell (the widow of one of Bedford's other sons), and her report of their conversation to Burghley later that day triggered Burghley's angry letter to Leicester of the 11th (BL, Lansdowne MS 102, fo. 230–v), see n. 585 below.

⁵⁷⁹ Sir John Cutts (1545–1616), of Shenley Hall, Herts., MP. He had been knighted by Leicester in Essex in 1571. He may be the Mr Kotes referred to on p. 269 above.

⁵⁸⁰ The night of the 12th–13th, note the casual references to the Countess. The Queen's discovery that she had accompanied him was one reason for her retraction of the offered command of the Netherlands expedition at the end of the month, see Appendix II.

⁵⁸¹ He spent the 13–14th at Rotherfield Greys and the 14–15th at Ewelme.

⁵⁸² The 15th–16th, see n. 396 above for the Abingdon sources.

⁵⁸³ Sir Henry Townshend (1537?–1621), puisne justice of the Chester circuit from 1578, MP. The letter probably concerned the survey of the lordship of Denbigh in September (PRO, LR2/235, part ii); Townshend was the chief commissioner.

⁵⁸⁴ He travelled from Abingdon to Cornbury on the 16th and spent the night of the 16th–17th at Cornbury House. It would appear from this entry and one on p. 297 below that Gabriel Blike (n. 433 above) was the keeper of Cornbury Park.

⁵⁸⁵ These probably included Burghley's angry letter of the 11th (see n. 578 above) as well as one from Walsingham cancelling his visit to Warwickshire. Leicester wrote to both from Cornbury on the 17th. To Walsingham he regretted ‘the season of the weather serves no better for your coining, surely I am persuaded nothing in this world would have done you more good, nor any man in England should be more welcome than yourself’ (BL, Harl. MS 285, fo. 131). To Burghley he dashed off three pages challenging Lady Russell's story and denying any enmity. He mis-dated the letter (BL, Lansdowne MS 45, fos. 79–81) ‘from Cornbury Parke xv of August’. Given the chronology outlined here it is difficult to see how Leicester could have reached Cornbury before the 16th, and the letter to Walsingham suggests he used the 17th to catch up on his correspondence. These were probably the letters carried to Court by Giles Tracy on the 18th.

⁵⁸⁶ Probably Richard Ward of Hurst, Berks., son of Richard Ward (1511–78), Cofferer of the Household, MP. He served in the Netherlands in 1586.

⁵⁸⁷ Probably Thomas Stafferton or Staverton, who served in the Netherlands in 1586 and was a bearer of the body at Leicester's funeral. His office at Grafton is not clear.

⁵⁸⁸ Leicester left Cornbury for Woodstock on either 17 or 18 August, and Woodstock for Hanwell probably on the 19th; it is not clear whether he spent two days at Cornbury or at Woodstock.

⁵⁸⁹ (Sir) Anthony Cope (1550–1613) of Hanwell, Oxon., MP. Leicester presumably stayed at Hanwell and his men in Banbury. This was probably the night of 19/20 August; the final stage from Hanwell to Kenilworth appears to have been completed in one day, probably the 20th. In the absence of any geographical references his route can only be inferred, but the bridge was probably over the the Avon and ‘sorend’ may have been Bridgend at Warwick.

⁵⁹⁰ Thomas Cartwright (1535–1603) was appointed master of Leicester's Hospital at Warwick at some point after December 1584, see ‘West Midlands’, 46, n. 227. Leicester's attempt to persuade Whitgift to grant him a preaching licence (see his letter to Whitgift, 14 July, n. 562 above) probably followed his appointment.

⁵⁹¹ Three of Coventry's leading citizens also came out to see him and spent two days at Kenilworth. As he normally did when visiting, Leicester sent the mayor and aldermen a gift of four bucks, see Coventry RO, MS A.7b [Chamberlains' and Wardens' Accounts], pp. 121–2, and ‘West Midlands’, 45, n. 203.Google Scholar

⁵⁹² Probably Henry Wallop (1568–1642), MP, then a student at Oxford. His father Sir Henry Wallop (1531–99), Lord Justice of Ireland, MP, had connections of long standing with Leicester.

⁵⁹³ Humphrey Fenn (1552–1631), rector of Holy Trinity, Coventry, suspended for nonsubscription in 1584. Leicester appealed to Whitgift on his behalf as well as Cartwright's in July (see n. 562). He served as a chaplain in the Netherlands in 1586 (see pp. 352, 358, 363 below), and attended Leicester's funeral.

⁵⁹⁴ Either Sir Thomas Lucy (see n. 321) or his son Thomas, who also attended Leicester's funeral.

⁵⁹⁵ It is probably this entry, rather than that under 27 August, that refers to the arrival of letters from both Walsingham and Burghley informing Leicester that the Queen wished to know whether he was willing to command the forces sent to the Low Countries, which had been forwarded by Richard Lloyd from Leicester House (see Appendix II). The letters themselves have not survived, but we do have Leicester's answers, both written from ‘Mr Lee's’ (Stoneleigh, see n. 597 below) on the 28th (PRO, SP12/181/222, to Walsingham; Hatfield MS 163, fo. 115–v, to Burghley, calendared in Hist MSS Comm. Salisbury MSS, iii, 108Google Scholar). They were probably sent with Pollwelle on the 29th. On the 27th Leicester wrote to Shrewsbury (Hist MSS Comm, Bath MSS, v, 57, mis- endorsed or calendared 17 Aug. 1586) informing him that the letters from Court had just arrived and that he would be forced to cancel an intended visit to him. He also related that he had injured his leg in a riding accident the previous Wednesday (he told Walsingham it was on Thursday) and could not ride, and thus was not able to ‘make that spede to the Court which otherwyse I wold doe’. The recall had given him only a week at Kenilworth, not time enough to take the waters, and he observed to Walsingham, ‘as for the water here no doubts the tyme having served yt wold have donn me much good’.

⁵⁹⁶ Robert Burgoyne of Wroxall, Wars. Burgoyne contributed to a loan raised by Cartwright after 1588 to fight a lawsuit over the endowment of Leicester's Hospital, WCRO, CR1600/LH 118.

⁵⁹⁷ Sir Thomas Leigh of Stoneleigh, who hunted regularly at Kenilworth; his daughter Alice married Sir Robert Dudley c. 1596. Leicester told Shrewsbury on the 27th he was ‘removing this day away’ from Kenilworth, he spent the 28th at Stoneleigh and probably left on the 29th. It would appear that despite his injury the remove was planned before the letters from London arrived.

⁵⁹⁸ Combe Abbey, near Coventry (see n. 456 above), probably 29/30 August.

⁵⁹⁹ Sir John Spencer (1524–89), of Althorp, Northants., MP. Spencer had an established association with Leicester, who had helped to arrange his daughters' marriages to Sir George Carew (see n. 100 above and PML, MS Rulers of England, II.2.28, Leicester to Spencer, 28 Dec. 1574) and, by repute, to Lord Strange (see n. 572 above). Leicester probably stayed at Althorp on 30/31 August.

⁶⁰⁰ For Grafton, see Introduction, p. 26. He probably stayed at Grafton from 31 August to 2 September. He answered a letter from Walsingham, ‘this Wensday in bedd to rest me’ (PRO, SP12/182/1), see Appendix II.

⁶⁰¹ Probably the John Blount who was a tenant of the lordship of Warwick in 1576 (WCRO, CR1886 [Warwick Castle Deposit], Cupboard 4/8, survey of the lordship of Warwick, 1576, fo. 61).

⁶⁰² Ralph Hubaud, brother of Sir John Hubaud (d.1583), of Ipsley, Wars., MP, who in the decade 1573–83 had been the central figure in Leicester's estate administration, see ‘0West Midlands’, 41. Ralph Hubaud served in the Netherlands in 1586 and attended Leicester's funeral.

⁶⁰³ Roger, 2nd Lord North (1531–1600), MP. North was one of Leicester's closest friends, a witness to his marriage in 1578, and an overseer of his 1582 will; he served in the Netherlands in 1586–7. His absence from Leicester's funeral is curious, given that he had attended Sidney's, but he wrote to Burghley lamenting ‘the untimely death of thatnoble lord’ (BL, Lansdowne MS 57, fo. 117, printed in Wright, ii, 393).

⁶⁰⁴ Easton Neston, see n. 513 above. His itinerary would appear to be Grafton to Easton Neston on the 2nd, and then after dinner to Leaconfield.

⁶⁰⁵ Michael Harcourt (d.c.1597), of Leckhampstead, Bucks., MP. He served in the Netherlands in 1586.

⁶⁰⁶ Andrew King of Towcester, see n. 405 above, and p. 327 below.

⁶⁰⁷ His route would appear to be down Watling Street to St Albans, stopping at Dunstable on the night of 3/4 September.

⁶⁰⁸ Sir Thomas Shirley, see n. 512 above.

⁶⁰⁹ Leicester had been high steward of St Albans since 1579 (Gibbs, A.E., The Corporation Records of St Albans (St Albans, 1890), p. 13Google Scholar), and the stables of the former abbey were used as one of the outlying royal Stables (King's Works, iv, 240Google Scholar), see also p. 314 below. Having dined there he proceeded to Northaw where he stayed until 6 September. By the time he reached Northaw, the news had arrived that the Queen had had second thoughts about giving him and Warwick the Bedford wardship, see Warwick's angry letter to Walsingham, 31 Aug. (PRO, SP12/181/238). It is probable that Leicester's complaint to Walsingham about the Queen's taking ‘every occasion by my marriage to withdraw any good from me’ (see Appendix II) was also a reference to this.

⁶¹⁰ He appears to have left Northaw early in the morning of the 6th, breakfasted at Barnet, and reached Leicester House that evening. He spent the 7th there and went to Nonsuch on the 8th.

⁶¹¹ Castelnau was about to leave England. His passport from Elizabeth is dated 8 September, his replacement L'Aubépine had his initial audience on the 12th, and he departed c. the 23rd (Bossy, Bruno, p. 58). BL, Cotton MS Galba C VIII, fo. 152, is an undated letter to Leicester thanking him for various favours and wishing him well on his appointment in the Netherlands; it can probably be dated the 7th, when Gastelnau wrote in a similar vein to Burghley (CSPF, 1585–6, 10–11Google Scholar). Leicester's servant Henry Slyfield* went to France in his party, see AMAE, CPH, II, fo. 12, Atye to Hotman, 18 Sept.

⁶¹² Wotton wrote to Leicester on the 4th (BL, Cotton MS Caligula C VIII, fo. 333), but does not mention falcons.

⁶¹³ On 12 September John Stanhope informed the Earl of Rutland that ‘my Lord of Leicester cam to Nonsuch on Wednesday [8 Sept.], went back on Saturdaye and is not loked for here agayne these 4 or 5 dayes' (Hist MSS Comm, Rutland MSS, i, 179).Google Scholar

⁶¹⁴ William Robert de La Marck, Duke of Bouillon (d.1588). He had met Leicester when he came to England in 1581 as a member of the French embassy to negotiate the marriage treaty for the Duke of Anjou, and they had corresponded regularly since. His agent François de Ceville had been in England since the autumn of 1584.

⁶¹⁵ Drake (who finally departed on 14 September) had been at Plymouth with his fleet since the middle of August. Dom Antonio arrived there from La Rochelle on the 7th. More famously, Sir Philip Sidney was also there. According to Fulke Greville, Sidney had offered to attend Dom Antonio at Plymouth as a means of escaping to join Drake and he was there for some time before Dom Antonio arrived, see ‘A Dedication to Sir Philip Sidney’, in Gouws, J. (ed.), The Prose Works of Fulke Greville, Lord Brooke (Oxford, 1986), pp. 43–4Google Scholar. The contemporary reports of Sidney's departure are clearly at least a good week later (Stanhope to Rudand, 12 Sept., see n. 613 above, and CSPF, 1585–6, 23–4Google Scholar, Walsingham to Davison, 13 Sept.). Sidney's departure would appear to coincide with the Queen's reconsideration of her offer of the Netherlands command to Leicester at the end of August (see Appendix II). It is not impossible that this was the letter from a peer of the realm offering Sidney employment in the Netherlands, to which Greville (p. 45) refers.

⁶¹⁶ Edward Dyer, see n. 501 above. His destination may have been St Mary Overy Stairs in Southwark.

⁶¹⁷ It would appear that Leicester left Nonsuch on Saturday 11 September (see n. 613) and passed through London to Wanstead, where he spent the 12th.

⁶¹⁸ Leicester went to Chenies on 13 September to attend the Earl of Bedford's funeral on the 14th. The fate of the Bedford wardship had clearly been the subject of some discussion on his return to Court. Stanhope reported on the 12th (n. 613 above) ‘whether he shall go to the funeraills of the Erie of Bedforde is in questyon upon poynts of havinge the wardes landes in ferme. Uppon promyse wherof, as yt is said, his Lordship undertake the charge of the funerals; and sum staye beynge mad therof hath made the dowbt of the other’. From Chenies he returned to Nonsuch, where he remained until the 23rd.

⁶¹⁹ See Appendix II.

⁶²⁰ Presumably either Robert or Anthony Shirley, for Thomas Shirley the younger (MP) did not marry until 1591.

⁶²¹ See Appendix II.

⁶²² Abraham Campion, brewer. He attended Leicester's funeral and claimed a debt of £400 for beer supplied from his estate.

⁶²³ See Appendix II and, for the Stables at St Albans, n. 609.

⁶²⁴ See Appendix II.

⁶²⁵ Henry, see n. 443 above.

⁶²⁶ Robert Pecock, muster-master for Essex, who was originally appointed to command the company raised in Essex for the Netherlands in the summer, but was replaced by Robert Sidney (PRO, SP15/29/45). He nevertheless served in the Netherlands in 1586, see p. 355, n. 700 below. October was relatively late for further recruiting of troops for the Netherlands; this was probably the mustering of the Essex militia, which Leicester was attending as lord lieutenant.

⁶²⁷ Gidea Hall, home of (Sir) Anthony Cooke (1559–1604) the younger, MP, grandson of Sir Anthony (n. 330 above).

⁶²⁸ The Court removed from Nonsuch to Richmond between 29 September and 1 October, probably while Leicester was at St Alban's and Northaw. The following entries suggest that Leicester's belongings were moved to Richmond on 7 and 8 October.

⁶²⁹ Assuming the date of 6 October for the muster at Romford is correct, it would appear that Leicester was in London until 9 October, when he went to Richmond via Barn Elms, and then returned to Leicester House on the 12th. Walsingham informed Burghley on 12 October (BL, Harl. MS 6993, fo. no) that Leicester wanted a Star Chamber hearing postponed until Friday the 15th.

⁶³⁰ The internal sequence is coherent: Leicester went to Sir Philip Butler's, spent the night there and then returned to London via Hertford, Northaw and Barnet. The difficulty lies in reconciling these dates with his return to Leicester House from Richmond on 12 October. Given his request for the postponement of the Star Chamber hearing until the 15th and the references to his return to Richmond from Leicester House on the 16th, the visit to Butler's probably took place on the 13th–14th.

⁶³¹ Sylvanus Scory (d. 1617), MP, son of John Scory, Bishop of Hereford. Scory had been in Leicester's service in the 15705, he served in the Netherlands in 1586 and attended his funeral. He wrote to Leicester on 27 July asking for his assistance in the dispute over his father's estate (PRO, SP12/180/99).

⁶³² Probably the 14th, see n. 630 above.

⁶³³ Probably on the 16th, see the previous entries and n. 630.

⁶³⁴ Dom Antonio was then housed at Osterley, see Hist MSS Comm, Rutland MSS, i, 180Google Scholar, Stanhope to Rutland, 21 Sept., and CSPF, 1585–6, 47.Google Scholar

⁶³⁵ The Pfalzgraf Johann Casimir (1543–92), who had been a friend of Leicester's since 1577–8. They maintained a regular correspondence of which the largest surviving section is to be found in the Kurpfälzische Bestände in the Bayerisches Geheimstaatsarchiv, Munich (published in von Bezold, F. (ed.) Briefe des Pfalzgrafen Johann Casimir (Munich, 1882–1903)Google Scholar). Nothing, however, survives from 1585, although there are drafts of letters from Johann Casimir to Walsingham and Burghley of 11/21 October in BGSA, Kasten Schwarz 16694, fos. 203–5.

⁶³⁶ The ‘book of martyrs’ may be STC 11225, the 1583 edition of Foxe's Actes and Monuments, and the ‘Callven on Jobe's Sermons on Job published by Arthur Golding in 1584.

⁶³⁷ Since Elizabeth did not appoint a Lord Privy Seal, Walsingham, as Secretary of State, had custody of the Privy Seal. A possible reason for sending it to Leicester is discussed in Appendix II. He appears to have been at Court from 16 to 23 October when he went to Leicester House. He wrote to the States-General from the Court on 23 October, and to Davison on the 25th, but without giving his address. Walsingham wrote to him from the Court on the 20th, see Appendix II.

⁶³⁸ Willoughby was then in Denmark and wrote to Leicester on 25 October (CSPF, 1585–6, 120Google Scholar), proposing to join him in the Netherlands on the conclusion of his embassy. When he arrived in March 1586 he was appointed governor of Bergen-op-Zoom.

⁶³⁹ Possibly Elizabeth, Lady Leighton, Sir Thomas's wife (see n. 527).

⁶⁴⁰ Tanneguy le Veneur, Sieur de Carroges, Comte de Tillières. Leicester had met him, like the Duke of Bouillon (see n. 614), when he took part in the embassy to England in 1581. A single letter from him survives: Haarlem, Teylers Museum MS 2376, art. 7, 29 April 1582.

⁶⁴¹ Probably Sir George Carey (1547–1603), MP, Hunsdon's son and Captain of the Isle of Wight, but possibly Sir George Carew (n. 100), whose surname was frequently written Carey. It would appear from the chronology of the entries that Leicester went to Richmond from Leicester House on 1 November and returned on the 3rd. He wrote to the Earl of Huntingdon on 1 November (HEHL, HA 2379), but did not give his address.

⁶⁴² Possibly an error for Edward Edgeworth, see n. 555 above.

⁶⁴³ It would appear that he went back to Richmond from Leicester House on 6 November.

⁶⁴⁴ Thomas Screven, many of whose letters to Rutland can be found in Hist MSS Comm, Rutland MSS, iGoogle Scholar. The horse was probably the one Roger Manners was referring to when he informed Rutland on io November, ‘I told Lord Leicester that you have sent him your best horse, which he accepted with many good words’ (ibid., 181). Leicester appears to have returned to Leicester House on 8 November, gone to Richmond on the 9th, and returned again on the 10th. He wrote to the States-General from the Court on the 9th (ARA, Eerste Afdeling, Regeringsarchieven I-92) and to Davison on the 10th (PRO, SP84/5/5O–1), but without giving his address.

⁶⁴⁵ Dr Thomas Doyley, brother of Robert Doyley, MP. On 27 September Doyley was about to depart for the Netherlands with letters from Leicester (Leic. Corres., 6Google Scholar). On 14 October, either on his voyage over or his return, he was captured off Dunkirk by a Spanish privateer and not freed until early November. This episode is narrated at length in BL, Cotton MS Galba C VIII, fos. 184–6, 189, Doyley to Leicester, 12, 14, 23 Nov. (the first and last are printed in Wright, , ii, 266–71Google Scholar), and CSPF, 1585–6, 162–3Google Scholar. His servant may have been carrying Leicester's letters of the 9th and 10th (see previous note) to the Netherlands, In 1586 Doyley became a hostile critic of Leicester, possibly because he was related to both Sir John Noms and Richard Huddleston (see n. 659 below).

⁶⁴⁶ William Bourchier, 3rd Earl of Bath (1557?–1623). In 1601 Sir Thomas Cornwallis claimed that Leicester had arranged the annulment of Bath's first marriage to his (Cornwallis's) daughter (Hist MSS Comm, Salisbury MSS, xii, 223Google Scholar, to SirCecil, Robert, 10 06 1601Google Scholar). Bath's second wife was Bedford's daughter Elizabeth.

⁶⁴⁷ Dr Roderigo or Ruy Lopez, the Portuguese doctor and agent for Dom Antoónio executed in 1594. A correspondence with Leicester from 1580 survives and he had attended Dom Antonio at Plymouth (BL, Harl. MS 1641, fo. 15v). His house may have been on the Wanstead estate, for the other entries on this page suggest that Leicester was on his way to Wanstead from Leicester House.

⁶⁴⁸ Israel Amyce or Ames of Barking. He was involved in the purchase of Cranbrooke in June, see n. 548 above.

⁶⁴⁹ Although the previous entries suggest that Leicester was either at Leicester House or Wanstead between 10 and 20 November, he wrote to Shrewsbury from the Court on the 15th (Hist MSS Comm, Bath MSS, v, 63Google Scholar). On 18 November the Queen was at Whitehall on a brief visit from Richmond, and the London references after 15 November may be explained by his attendance on her there. Leicester wrote to Davison on the 18th (PRO, SP84/5/82–3), but did not give his address.

⁶⁵⁰ See n. 205 above, presumably on the 20th.

⁶⁵¹ (Sir) Robert Constable of Flamborough (Yorks.) received livery in 1567 and was in Leicester's service in the early 1570s. The reference here may be to William Constable, who was in the Netherlands household in 1587.

⁶⁵² Sidney's daughter Elizabeth, who was christened on 15 November (Howell, R., Sir Philip Sidney: The Shepherd Knight (1968), p. 296Google Scholar), see also the reference to the Queen's christening present in BL, Harl. MS 1641, fo. 36. Sidney himself arrived in Flushing to take up his governorship on the 18th, see Appendix II.

⁶⁵³ Assuming the date of this entry is correct, Leicester had returned to Court c. 21 November.

⁶⁵⁴ This would appear to be 24 November. For Leicester's movements from this point until his arrival in Flushing, see Appendix II.

⁶⁵⁵ There are several earlier references to Sidney's Scottish servant, but his identity and errand are unknown. James VI wrote to Leicester on 20 December in the belief that he was still in England, but this does not appear to be an answer to a letter sent on this occasion (BL, Cotton MS Caligula C IX, fo. 162; BL, Add. MS 23240, fo. 29, is a draft).

⁶⁵⁶ Probably Edward Watson (1549–1617) of Rockingham, Northants., MR He served in the Netherlands in 1586.

⁶⁵⁷ Possibly for the expenses of the ‘fyfteen tall and stowt Lancashyre Laddes my countriemen presented to my Lord of Leycester by my Lord of Darby, to serve in the Low Countries as archers’ (Hist MSS Comm, Rutland MSS, i, 184Google Scholar, T. Walmesley to Rutland, 2 Dec.). For the raising of these archers, see JRL, Leigh of Lyme Corres., folder 1, Derby to Sir Piers Leigh, 23 Oct. 1585. Leicester also tried to obtain archers from Shrewsbury, see his letter of 15 Nov., n. 649 above.

⁶⁵⁸ Young Mr Baptist was probably Francis Castilion, see n. 414 above. For Lord Norris, see n. 148.

⁶⁵⁹ Probably Richard Huddleston (c.1535–1589), MP, treasurer at war in the Netherlands 1585–7.

⁶⁶⁰ Sir John Petre (1549–1613), MP, son of Sir William Petre (see n. 300 above). Leicester stayed with him at Ingatestone Hall en route to Harwich, see pp. 343–4 and Appendix II.

⁶⁶¹ See n. 493 above. The purpose of this payment is unclear. Herle later joined Leicester in the Netherlands (PRO, SP12/186/35, Herle to Walsingham, 29 Jan. 1586) and was employed on an embassy to the Count of East Friesland and Emden in the spring of 1586.

⁶⁶² Like many members of his ‘train’ (see Appendix II) the players preceded him to the Netherlands. For their tour, see MacLean, , ‘Leicester and the Evelyns’, 490–1.Google Scholar

⁶⁶³ Sir Wolstan Dixie, probably on 2 December. Dixie was the leading subscriber to the loan of £17,600 that Leicester raised from a consortium of London merchants by mortgaging the lordship of Denbigh, the indenture for which was signed on 2 December, see Appendix II. The extent to which he was dependent on the London merchant community explains why he was so keen to inform them of his successful reception in the Netherlands, see Leic. Corres., 84–5Google Scholar, to the lord mayor and aldermen of London, 3 Feb. 1586.

⁶⁶⁴ See Appendix II.

⁶⁶⁵ Probably Isaac Wincoll, who served in the Netherlands.

⁶⁶⁶ Sir Francis Knollys.

⁶⁶⁷ See n. 486 above.

⁶⁶⁸ See n. 660 above and Appendix II.

⁶⁶⁹ Leicester had knighted Lucas together with Sir John Cults (n. 579) in 1571. See also Appendix II.

⁶⁷⁰ William Twetty or Tutty, an officer of the garrison of Berwick since 1558, who had also served at Le Havre in 1562–3. In 1586 he was appointed acting governor of Bergenop-Zoom, and then deputy to Willoughby after his appointment there.

⁶⁷¹ See Appendix II.

⁶⁷² Probably Francis Fortescue (c. 1563–1624), MP, son of Sir John (see n. 6), who served in the Netherlands.

⁶⁷³ See Appendix II.

⁶⁷⁴ See Appendix II.

⁶⁷⁵ This entry follows the preceding one directly. For the remainder of December and January see the entries from the 1585–7 disbursement book. Leicester spent the whole of February at the Hague. On 1 March he went to Leiden, then Haarlem (the 3rd) and then Amsterdam (the 10th), where he remained until the 21st. As noted in the Introduction, references to his movements are drawn from the journal of Dr John James (BL, Add. MS 48014, fos. 149–64v), and the dates are those of the Julian calendar.

⁶⁷⁶ Leicester went from Amsterdam to Naarden on 21 March and then to Utrecht on the 22nd.

⁶⁷⁷ Thomas Webbe, clerk of the cheque to the Netherlands army in 1586 (PRO, SP15/29/222). Webbe was a member of the Netherlands household in 1587 and attended Leicester's funeral. He was a former servant of the Earl of Sussex, see BL, Cotton MS Titus B VII, fo. 79, John North to Leicester, 1 Dec. 1587.

⁶⁷⁸ (Sir) Henry Goodere (1534–95), of Polesworth, Wars., MP, captain of Leicester's guard in 1586. Goodere attended both Sidney's and Leicester's funerals. For his earlier relations with Leicester, see ‘West Midlands’, 42–3, and ‘House of Commons’, 222ff.

⁶⁷⁹ Hollestone is Richard Huddleston (see n. 659 above). Mr Browne is probably (Sir) William Browne (d. 1611), lieutenant of Robert Sidney's company and from 1597 his lieutenant-governor at Flushing, see Hay, M.V., The Life of Robert Sidney, Earl of Leicester (1563–1626) (Washington D.C., 1984), pp. 131–2.Google Scholar

⁶⁸⁰ Leicester remained at Utrecht between 22 March and 18 April, preparing for the investment of Nijmegen, see his letter to the Privy Council, 27 March (Leic. Corres., 189Google Scholar. Curiously, he states here that he only spent four or five days at Amsterdam after the 10th). For George Gilpin, see n. 323 above; Leicester appointed him secretary to the Council of State (Raad van State) in March, see CSPF, 1585–6, 466Google Scholar, Gilpin to Burghley, 21 March.

⁶⁸¹ No official correspondence from Leicester for the period 7–11 April can be traced, nor does Dudley appear among the messengers paid by the Treasurer of the Chamber (BL, Harl. MS 1641); these were probably private letters. It might be noted that all his correspondence with his wife has disappeared.

⁶⁸² The gap in the account between 14 April and 26 May 1586 is unexplained. There are two entries surviving from the 1585–7 disbursement book for this period, see p. 374 below. On 18–20 April Leicester paid a brief visit to Amersfoort from Utrecht and then moved there on 2 May. On 7 May he left Amersfoort for Arnhem where ‘the camp’ (the field army) was assembled. On 11 May the camp advanced on Nijmegen and began the investment; this led to the capture of the sconce of Nijmegen on the aoth and the sconce of Berkshof on the 25th.

⁶⁸³ Sir William Reade (d. 1604), MR Reade had been an officer of the Berwick garrison since 1558 and may possibly have been an officer of the Calais garrison earlier. He served in the 1560 Scottish campaign, at Le Havre in 1562–3, and was appointed sergeant-major of the foot in 1586. Leicester's employment of such elderly officers as Reade and Twetty (see n. 670 above) in senior positions became the object of derision on the part of John Morris and his friends. According to Leicester (BL, Add. MS 48127, fos. 22v–3) Norris called Reade ‘K[ing] H[enry] the 8['s] man’.

⁶⁸⁴ (Sir) Henry Killigrew (1528–1603), MP, who had been appointed one of the two English members of the Council of State. Killigrew had been in the household of the Duke of Northumberland and was one of Leicester's oldest followers, see ‘Dudley Clientèle’, pp. 242, 245, 247Google Scholar, and Miller, A.C., Sir Henry Killigrew: Elizabethan Soldier and Diplomat (Leicester, 1963Google Scholar). On 1 October 1588 he asked Walsingham for leave from the Netherlands ‘that I may yield him the last service and testimony of my devotion at his funerals’ (PRO, SP84/27/1). The Mr Killegrave given livery in 1567 was his brother William (d. 1622), MP, who had also received livery in 1562 (DP Box V, fo. 154v).

⁶⁸⁵ Sir Martin Schenk (d. 1589), who had commanded the forces of Archbishop Truchsess (see n. 741 below) in the war for Cologne in 1583. He had been won over by the Prince of Parma in 1584 and then by the Dutch in the summer of 1585. Schenk controlled the rump of the territories of the archbishopric on the lower Rhine (see n. 696 below) and was given command of the local forces on the eastern frontier of the United Provinces. Leicester knighted him on 23 April 1586. On 28 May Leicester informed Elizabeth of Parma's investment of Grave (CSPF, 1583–6, 680Google Scholar). The town had actually surrendered on that day, but this was not known until 30 May.

⁶⁸⁶ Michael Dormer, who commanded a company of horse in 1586. He returned to England to raise a further voluntary company in Oxfordshire, see CSPF, 1586–7, 1Google Scholar, Leicester to Walsingham, 1 June 1586. A number of the following entries are to payments for the expenses of officers sent to raise further companies in England in 1586, a scheme of Leicester's to expand the English contingent. Leicester claimed that the States-General had agreed to pay for them, an issue that was to cause great controversy later in the year.

⁶⁸⁷ Philip Butler, see n. 430 above.

⁶⁸⁸ Probably on 20 May when the Nijmegen sconce was assaulted (see n. 682 above).

⁶⁸⁹ Humphrey Fenn, see n. 593 above.

⁶⁹⁰ George Morton (1540–?), MR He carried letters to England (see CSPF, 1586–7, 48Google Scholar, T. Doyley to Burghley, 24 June), but may have been sent to raise a voluntary company. He served in the Netherlands again after 1589.

⁶⁹¹ Three sons of Sir John York (see n. 27 above) served in the Netherlands in 1586: Edward, Edmund and the notorious Rowland. Edward commanded a company in the original contingent sent over in the summer of 1585, but appears to have surrendered it and returned to England by April 1586, possibly to raise a voluntary company. dmund had been in Leicester's service previously (see BL, Cotton MS Caligula E VII, fo. 138, York to A. Atye, 7 Aug. [1579], and CSPF, 1584–5, 779Google Scholar, to Walsingham, , 26 07 1584Google Scholar); he held the office variously described as quartermaster-general or forage-master of the army in 1586 (PRO, SP15/29/336; CSPF, 1586–7, 111Google Scholar), and attended Leicester's funeral. The Edward York referred to here and below was probably Edmund, for the names were commonly elided. Rowland was still in England (see Leic. Corres., 305Google Scholar, Leicester to Walsingham, 10 June) and did not reach the army until July.

⁶⁹² For the players' tour in Denmark, see MacLean, , ‘Leicester and the Evelyns’, 491–2Google Scholar. See also the introduction, p. 11, for the possible significance of this entry to the Halliwell-Phillipps' transcriptions.

⁶⁹³ Leicester went to die camp from Arnhem on 1 June.

⁶⁹⁴ Henry Goodere's brother, who was a bearer of the body at Leicester's funeral. The prisoners were probably soldiers who had taken part in the mutiny over pay at Utrecht in March, see CSPF, 1585–6, 495.Google Scholar

⁶⁹⁵ This is the sole reference in these accounts to the mission of Sir Thomas Heneage (n. 409 above), who was sent by Elizabeth in February to demand that Leicester relinquish the governor-generalship. He remained in the Netherlands, attempting to arrange a compromise, until the beginning of June.

⁶⁹⁶ The Schenkenschanz or Schenk's Sconce, a fort built by Martin Schenk (n. 685) on the Rhine near Emmerich. Although technically within the Holy Roman Empire, it served effectively as the easternmost Dutch military outpost

⁶⁹⁷ On 4 June, after the surrender of Grave was confirmed, Leicester broke up the camp and went first to Tiel (Tilt) and then to Bommel (the 5th), apparently in the belief that it was Parma's next target (CSPF, 1586–7, 2Google Scholar, to Elizabeth, 6 June).

⁶⁹⁸ Arent van Groenevelt, governor of Sluys 1585–7.

⁶⁹⁹ (Sir) John Borough (d. 1594), brother of Lord Burgh. He commanded a company in the Netherlands in 1585–6 and was appointed governor of Doesburg after its capture.

⁷⁰⁰ For Pecock see n. 626 above. Leicester's guard had two sections, one of shot (musketeers) and one of halberdiers, see the 1587 household lists.

⁷⁰¹ Charles de Liévin, Sieur de Famars (d. 1592). Liévin had been in William of Orange's service since 1572 and had undertaken embassies to England in 1577 and 1578. Leicester appointed him master-general of the artillery on 24 March 1586 (ARA, Eerste Afdeling, RvS 1524 [Comissieboek van der Graaf van Leycester 1586–8], fo. 38).

⁷⁰² Charles Francx, described on p. 369 below as Charles, Mr Secretary's [Walsingham's] man. He brought Leicester's letter of 6 June to Walsingham, see Leic. Corres., 289, 300Google Scholar, and BL, Harl. MS 1641, fos. 25V–6. No reference to him can be found in Read, C., Mr. Secretary Walsingham and the Policy of Queen Elizabeth (Oxford, 1925).Google Scholar

⁷⁰³ Aslyas on p. 358, presumably a Dutch carriage-master.

⁷⁰⁴ Roger Williams was appointed sergeant-major of the horse in 1586.

⁷⁰⁵ Edward Barrow or Abarrow, who had previously served in Ireland. He had raised a voluntary company in Hampshire and arrived at the camp in May (CSPF, 1585–6, 667).Google Scholar

⁷⁰⁶ Leicester went to Gorinchem from Bommel on 9 June and then to Dordrecht on the 13th.

⁷⁰⁷ Adolph von Solms, Count of Newenaar and Moeurs (d. 1589), stadtholder of Guelderland, Overijssel and Utrecht, president of the Council of Finance, June 1586. Although Newenaar was a prince of the Empire, he was related by marriage to the house of Nassau, and had supported Truchsess in the war for Cologne.

⁷⁰⁸ Leicester spent only the night of 13/14. June at Dordrecht, and then went to Vianen and Utrecht, where he remained until the 29th.

⁷⁰⁹ Lubbert Turk, Heer van Hemart, who had surrendered Grave on 28 May. He and his officers were tried at Utrecht and executed on 18 June.

⁷¹⁰ Henry Appleyard, son of John Appleyard*, who had been in Leicester's service in the 1570s. He arrived in England with messages from Leicester on 21 June (BL, Harl. MS 1641, fos. 27v, 35v).

⁷¹¹ John Ward, who may have served at Le Havre and in Ireland. His company was raised in the summer of 1586, but disbanded in the autumn.

⁷¹² Presumably one of Lord North's sons.