¹ The three exercise books containing the diaries for 1868–73 are deposited in the Bodleian Library, MS Eng Hist d. 417–19.

² See below, 16 Feb., 17 Mar., 22 Apr. 1869.

³ T.D., 3 05 1860.Google Scholar

⁴ Machin, G.I.T., Politics and the Churches in Great Britain, 1832–1868 (Oxford, 1977), 349–55.Google Scholar

⁵ Although the presence of a radical-nonconformist element had created frequent problems for Trelawny: T.D., 4–15.Google Scholar

⁶ For the background to this constituency, see Jaggard, E., ‘Farmers, Nabobs and County Politics in Cornwall, 1832–68’, Southern History, vii (1985), 145–61.Google Scholar

⁷ Bateman, John's Great Landowners of Great Britain and Ireland, (4th ed., 1883)Google Scholar, gives the annual rental of the Trelawne estate as £6,000, including the income from woodland.

⁸ The Times, 25 07 1868, 5.Google Scholar

⁹ Ibid, 24 Sept. 1868, 10

¹⁰ See T.D., 20 03 1861.Google Scholar

¹¹ Speech at Bodmin, , The Times, 24 08 1868, 7.Google Scholar

¹² Ibid, 14 Nov. 1868, 4.

¹³ Ibid, 10 Nov. 1868, 5.

¹⁴ See below, 19 Feb. and 10 May 1869; 14 Feb. 1871.

¹⁵ The Times, 24 08 1868, 7.Google Scholar

¹⁶ See below, 7 Mar., 4–5 Apr. 1870.

¹⁷ See below, 3, 4, 11 Mar. 1873.

¹⁸ See below, 24 Feb. 1870; 2 Mar. 1871.

¹⁹ T.D., 3–4, 15–19.Google Scholar

²⁰ 7 Dec. 1847, H xcv. 774–6.

²¹ 22 Mar. 1848, H xcvii. 867–8.

²² 9 Feb. 1849, H cii. 517.

²³ 22 Mar. 1848, H xcvii. 867–8.

²⁴ 31 Mar. 1847, H xcii. 685–6.

²⁵ 7 Dec. 1847, H xcv. 774–6; 9 Feb. 1849, H cii. 517.

²⁶ The Times, 27 06 1846, 5.Google Scholar

²⁷ 2 Aug. 1843, H lxxi. 175–81.

²⁸ 7 Dec. 1847, H xcv. 774–6.

²⁹ Hamer, D.A., The Politics of Electoral Pressure (Brighton, 1977), 122–38, 165–99Google Scholar.

³⁰ See below, 19 June 1872 (Glyn); 9 Aug. 1870 (Bruce); 15 Mar. 1870 (Lowe); 13 May 1870 (Ayrton).

³¹ See below, 24 Feb. 1871; 23 Feb. 1872.

³² K.J., 18 Mar. 1873.

³³ The Times, 23 11 1868, 4.Google Scholar

³⁴ For Mill's position, see Kinzer, Bruce L., The Ballot Question in Nineteenth-Century English Politics (New York, 1982), 73–81.Google Scholar

³⁵ See below, 11 July 1871; 8 Apr. 1872.

³⁶ Indeed he had pressured the Palmerston government to pass the first Contagious Diseases act: T.D., 5 and 31 May 1864.

³⁷ See below, 21 Mar. 1872.

³⁸ See below, 20 July 1871; 22 July 1872.

³⁹ Parry, J.P., Democracy and Religion: Gladstone and the Liberal Party, 1867–1875 (Cambridge, 1986), 321, 338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁴⁰ T.D. 30 July 1860; 7 Feb. 1861.

⁴¹ Ramm, Agatha, ‘The Parliamentary Context of Cabinet Government, 1868–1874’, English Historical Review, xcix (1984), 739–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁴² See below, 14 Feb. 1870.

⁴³ See below, 24–25 Apr., 5 July 1870.

⁴⁴ The Times, 4 12 1871, 6Google Scholar; 21 May 1872, 6; 26 Feb. 1873, 8.

⁴⁵ Glyn to Gladstone, 17 Sept. [1873], B.L. Add MSS 44348, fo. 275.

⁴⁶ Gooch, G.P., Life of Lord Courtney (1920), 123.Google Scholar

⁴⁷ Ibid, 282–3.

⁴⁸ In the light of the results of the recent general election, the Conservative Premier, Benjamin Disraeli, had decided to resign immediately rather than face the new parliament. By 10 Dec., therefore, W.E. Gladstone had already been commissioned to form a Liberal administration.

⁴⁹ Elected in 1857, 1859 and 1865.

⁵⁰ Seconding Grey.

⁵¹ A number of former Whig ministers, such as the Duke of Somerset, Viscount Halifax and Sir George Grey, had declined offers from Gladstone. The most notable new recruit was the radical, John Bright, who became President of the Board of Trade; Parry, J.P., Democracy and Religion: Gladstone and the Liberal Party, 1867–1875 (Cambridge, 1986), 278–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁵² And again until 16 Feb. 1869. The first adjournment was necessary in order to allow the statutory period of time (21 days) for election petitions to be presented, before new writs could be issued for those constituencies where Liberal ministers were obliged to seek re-election. Lord Ossington, Notes from my Journal when Speaker of the House of Commons (privately printed, 1900), 235.Google Scholar

⁵³ Roebuck was notorious for his anti-trade union views. Mundella, a hosiery manufacturer in Nottingham, sought to promote closer relations between employers and employees, and took a specialist interest in matters affecting the working men. Armytage, W.H.G., A.J. Mundella 1825–1897: The Liberal Background to the Labour Movement (London, 1951).Google Scholar

⁵⁴ The only precedent was in 1805, after the death of the Duke of Gloucester. Normally, when the monarch did not open parliament in person, the Address was presented to him or her by the Privy Councillors. Ossington, Journal, 239Google Scholar. The suggestion for a public reception at Buckingham Palace was made by the Home Secretary, who was concerned about the possible adverse effects of ‘the Queen's total abstention from all popular demonstrations’; Bruce, H.A. to Gladstone, , 9 02 1869Google Scholar, B.L. Add MSS 44086, fo. 32.

⁵⁵ Clerk of the House of Commons.

⁵⁶ President of the Poor Law Board, and Home Secretary, respectively.

⁵⁷ The Habitual Criminals bill, introduced on 26 Feb.; Royal Assent, 11 Aug.

⁵⁸ The Rateable Property (Metropolis) bill and the Rateable Property bill. The latter was subsequently withdrawn; for the former, see Offer, Avner, Property and Politics 1870–1914 (Cambridge, 1981), 176–7.Google Scholar

⁵⁹ McEvoy's bill was later withdrawn.

⁶⁰ 85:46 against the motion for a select committee to enquire into the working of legislation relating to Roman Catholic charities; H cxciv. 384–99.

⁶¹ For the 1st reading of the Established Church (Ireland) bill, to disestablish and disendow the Church of Ireland; no division. Disestablishment was to take place on 1 Jan. 1871, and the Church's property vested in a new ecclesiastical commission for the next ten years. After financial provision had been made for incumbants and curates, and compensation given to other denominations for the loss of the Maynooth grant, regium donum etc., Gladstone reckoned on a surplus of £7.8 millions which was to be applied to ‘unavoidable calamities and suffering’ not covered by the poor law. Parry, , Democracy and Religion, 280–2.Google Scholar

⁶² 209:78 for 2nd reading of the Metropolitan Street Tramways bill. Later withdrawn.

⁶³ Moving the rejection of the bill on the grounds that it would give monopolistic powers to a private company; H cxciv. 542–5.

⁶⁴ 128:65. The election in Nov. 1868 had been declared void. The by-election on 11 Mar. 1869 was won by a Conservative, but also declared void, the seat being awarded to the Liberal candidate, the Hon. A.H.A. Anson.

⁶⁵ Robert Lowe moved a supplementary vote of £3.6 millions, making a total of £8.6 millions; H cxciv. 641–3. For the war, see Harcourt, Freda, ‘Disraeli's Imperialism 1866–1868: A Question of Timing’, Historical Journal, xxiii (1980), 87–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁶⁶ For a government investigation of malpractices, and the amendment of the penalties attached to these offences; H cxciv. 718–27, withdrawn.

⁶⁷ Royal assent 9 Aug.

⁶⁸ Sir Edward Wetherall, a soldier, had been appointed Under-secretary for Ireland. Wilson Patten was the Conservative Irish Chief Secretary at the time. Wetherall died in May 1869.

⁶⁹ The squadron was deployed off the West Coast of Africa to suppress the slave trade.

⁷⁰ As a Junior Lord of the Treasury in Gladstone's ministry.

⁷¹ The Real Estate Intestacy bill was later withdrawn.

⁷² 2nd reading of the Contagious Diseases (Animals) bill, requiring that imported cattle be slaughtered at the port of entry; later withdrawn.

⁷³ The Contagious Diseases (Animals) (No. 2) bill, increasing the powers of the Privy Council to regulate the importation and transportation of live cattle. P.P. 1868–9, i 511.

⁷⁴ The Solicitor General, acting in an independent capacity, sought to abolish religious tests for all lay posts in the Universities; rejected by the House of Lords.

⁷⁵ i.e. the division of responsibilities between the two posts. The commander-in-chief was the Duke of Cambridge, the Queen's cousin.

⁷⁶ The Secretary of State for war, on the army estimates. £14,230,400 was required for the year, a reduction of £1,196,650.

⁷⁷ 207:88 against the 2nd reading of the Revenue Officers bill.

⁷⁸ South West Lancashire, in 1868.

⁷⁹ Moving the rejection of the 2nd reading of the Established Church (Ireland) bill.

⁸⁰ On the 2nd reading of the Established Church (Ireland) bill, continued.

⁸¹ Gladstone had resigned from Sir Robert Peel's ministry over this issue, in 1845, because it conflicted with the principles he had stated in his book, The State in its Relations with the Church (1838). Nevertheless, he had still voted for the Maynooth grant. Ball therefore contended that Gladstone had no religious objection to State endowment of the Roman Catholic Church; H cxciv. 1791–1814.

⁸² Dixon, William Hepworth, New America (1867)Google Scholar, described the state of religion in a country where a purely voluntary system operated.

⁸³ Disraeli, on 18 Mar., had ridiculed the plan for the extinction of the Tithe rent charge, predicting that the result would be that Church property would go into the pockets of the landlords; H cxciv. 1662–94.

⁸⁴ Irish Attorney General.

⁸⁵ Recent changes had made available for members the two first benches on each side under the gallery: Ossington, Journal, 236Google Scholar.

⁸⁶ He opposed the 2nd reading of the Established Church (Ireland) bill, on the grounds that while he favoured disestablishment, he was opposed to disendowment. His views had precluded an offer from Gladstone of the Lord Chancellorship: Earl, Roundell of Selborne, , Memorials: Personal and Political, 1865–1895 (1898), i. 112–13.Google Scholar

⁸⁷ Trelawny accidently wrote ‘Thursday’.

⁸⁸ Question raised by Clare Sewell Read; H cxciv. 2001–2.

⁸⁹ 2nd reading of the Established Church (Ireland) bill.

⁹⁰ Irish Chief Secretary in the Conservative ministries of Derby and Disraeli.

⁹¹ In fact, Gladstone alleged that the speech, describing the bill as ‘sacrilege, spoliation, perfidy’, had been made at a Conservative dinner on 3 Mar. (reference not found in The Times).

⁹² The House resumed its sittings on 1 Apr., but Trelawny had been absent through illness.

⁹³ 281:30 against the amendment.

⁹⁴ Lowe had outlined his budget resolutions on 8 Apr., H cxcv. 363–400. He proposed that the income tax and land tax should be collected in a single instalment, in January. He also proposed a comprehensive scheme for the revision and simplification of other assessed taxes, converting them into licence duties. Income tax was to be reduced by id., and the duties on fire insurances abolished along with the is. corn duty (a remnant of the old corn laws). Winter, James, Robert Lowe (Toronto, 1976), 255–7.Google Scholar

⁹⁵ Relating to servants, carriages etc., H cxcv. 595–6.

⁹⁶ Reference not clear from Hansard, but evidently relates to the 6th resolution.

⁹⁷ The Married Women's Property bill, which later ran out of time in the House of Lords.

⁹⁸ Sir John Coleridge.

⁹⁹ The Times, 15 04 1869, 8Google Scholar. The votes were 169:81 against Rylands' motion that the chairman of committee report progress, and 110:57 against Brady's motion that the chairman leave the chair. Thomas Chambers had proposed a number of ‘verbal amendments’ which were not on the order paper. The bill was later withdrawn.

¹⁰⁰ To delay it for six months.

¹⁰¹ i.e. the concurrent endowment of all denominations.

¹⁰² Seeking to move an instruction to the committee regarding the Maynooth grant, but ruled out of order by the Speaker; H cxcv. 847.

¹⁰³ For Sheridan's clause, during the 3rd reading debate on the Metropolitan District Railway bill; C.J. cxxiv. 137.

¹⁰⁴ Disraeli moved to omit the clause, which dissolved the legislative union of the English and Irish Churches, claiming that he was seeking to preserve the Royal supremacy; H cxcv. 993–9.

¹⁰⁵ Edward Sullivan.

¹⁰⁶ 301:194 against Hardy's amendment to clause 12, seeking to delay the transfer of Church property to the ecclesiastical commissioners; H cxcv. 1109.

¹⁰⁷ For clause 12.

¹⁰⁸ Hardy's unsuccessful amendment to clause 14, to omit the provision that com pensation to curates be deducted from the incomes payable to incumbents; H cxcv. 1137–8.

¹⁰⁹ For Thomas Chambers' bill; later withdrawn.

¹¹⁰ Committee stage.

¹¹¹ Against Palmer's amendment to clause 14 regarding ‘permanent curates’; H cxcv. 1378–85.

¹¹² Against Pim's proposal for lump sums rather than annuities; H cxcv. 1386–7.

¹¹³ Against Charley's proposed annuities for organists, vergers etc.; H cxcv. 1411.

¹¹⁴ Against Colonel Gilpin's motion.

¹¹⁵ For Gladstone's proposal to drop from clause 25 a provision enabling the commissioners to provide money for the upkeep of certain Churches and Cathedrals as national monuments; H cxcv. 1603–4.

¹¹⁶ Disraeli was referring to a speech made in the previous parliament; H cxcv. 1591.

¹¹⁷ Clause 4 of the Evidence Amendment bill permitted affirmations in lieu of oaths in criminal cases; 2nd reading agreed. Cf. T.D., 11 and 13 Mar. 1861.

¹¹⁸ Attorney General.

¹¹⁹ An eminent judge in the court of Probate.

¹²⁰ It was ‘notoriously venal’; Hoppen, K.T., Elections, Politics and Society in Ireland, 1832–1885 (Oxford, 1984), 290Google Scholar. The Liberal victor in 1868 had been unseated, but another Liberal won the subsequent by-election.

¹²¹ i.e. to allow married couples to give evidence against one another; no such bill was introduced.

¹²² 30 Apr., H cxcv. 2009–17, favouring the creation of a peasant proprietory.

¹²³ For clause 39, regarding compensation for the loss of the Maynooth grant; H cxcvi. 107–32.

¹²⁴ The Times, 4 05 1869, 8.Google Scholar

¹²⁵ Daniel O'Sullivan had made a number of pro-fenian speeches. A bill of pains and penalties was introduced in order to disqualify him permanently from office.

¹²⁶ Edward Sullivan.

¹²⁷ The bill was dropped on 11 May when it was learned that the mayor had agreed to resign.

¹²⁸ C.J. cxxiv. 182.

¹²⁹ Presumably Charles Forster.

¹³⁰ Chairman of committees.

¹³¹ A by-election in which Trelawny was interested as a local landowner.

¹³² Secretary of State for war.

¹³³ For the outcome, see below, 14 Feb. 1870.

¹³⁴ The House had adjourned for Whitsun on 13 May.

¹³⁵ Crawford feared that the concentration of tax collection would have an adverse effect on the money market: H cxcvi. 823; Lowe's view was that ‘the money market must look after itself’, Winter, , Robert Lowe, 257.Google Scholar

¹³⁶ The Times, 28 05 1869, 8.Google Scholar

¹³⁷ Lowe had proposed to abolish the exemption of brood mares from taxation. He reluctantly yielded to pressure from, among others, Speaker Denison: Ossington, Journal, 243–4.Google Scholar

¹³⁸ Victor in the Liskeard by-election.

¹³⁹ 3rd reading stage; Holt moving a delaying amendment.

¹⁴⁰ Government chief whip.

¹⁴¹ 3rd reading passed on 28 May; Royal assent, 9 Aug.

¹⁴² He did; T.D., 13 Mar. 1861.

¹⁴³ For the 2nd reading; C.J. cxxiv. 214–15.

¹⁴⁴ See above 4 May; Trelawny is now reverting to the 3rd reading debate on the Established Church (Ireland) bill.

¹⁴⁵ Sir John St Aubyn's bill, amending the law relating to mining partnerships within the stanneries of Devon and Cornwall, had already been passed by the Commons; Royal Assent, 24 June. P.P. 1868–9, v. 207.

¹⁴⁶ Gregory advocated the Sunday opening of museums etc.

¹⁴⁷ Against Hadfield's amendment to the motion for entering into committee of supply, calling for the discontinuation of expenditure on the digest of the Statutes; H cxcvi. 1244–8.

¹⁴⁸ The matter was not raised in the Commons.

¹⁴⁹ Not moved; but see below, 14 Feb. 1870.

¹⁵⁰ Trelawny had been ill since 10 June, and his attendance continued to be intermittent.

¹⁵¹ H cxcvii. 430–8, urging that the burden of local rates be relieved by State grants; withdrawn.

¹⁵² 2nd reading of the Money Laws (Ireland) bill; withdrawn.

¹⁵³ On 8 June Trelawny had been appointed a member of the select committee to inquire into the working of the act. For the background, see Paul McHugh, Prostitution and Victorian Social Reform (1980), 35–48.

¹⁵⁴ Bentinck noted that in 1866 Grant Duff had criticised Gladstone for defending the principle of denominational education in the Universities (Gladstone changed his position in 1868); H cxcvii. 767–72.

¹⁵⁵ With regard to compounding; H cxcvii. 1088–9.

¹⁵⁶ H cxcvii. 1090–1.

¹⁵⁷ She was a fictional village gossip; B.P. Shillaber, The Life and Sayings of Mrs Partington (1854). In one of her stories, she attempted to keep out the Atlantic with her mop.

¹⁵⁸ Against Fawcett's amendment. The bill was subsequently passed by the Commons, but ran out of time in the Lords.

¹⁵⁹ Read's amendment, in committee, to enforce the slaughter of cattle at the point of debarkation, unless the country of origin had been free of disease for three years; H cxcvii. 1272–5. Supported by McCombie. Amendment defeated, 220:116.

¹⁶⁰ Both were supporters of the bill.

¹⁶¹ Agreed without a division; the bill was later withdrawn. Gladstone had privately intimated to Walter Morrison, on 5 July, that he would support the bill on the understanding that it would proceed no further that session; G.D., vii. 91.

¹⁶² He was a medical opponent of the Contagious Diseases act.

¹⁶³ The report recommended additions to the towns covered by the 1866 act, and suggested another select committee be appointed to consider further extensions. The government subsequently passed an act (Royal assent, 11 Aug), adding six more towns to the schedule; McHugh, , Prostitution, 48–52.Google Scholar

¹⁶⁴ Layard, the chief commissioner of works and buildings, thus carried his modified resolution for a vote of £31,026 (originally £34,026) for building work in the Palace of Westminster, Dillwyn having persisted in his attempt to reduce the vote by a further £2,500 because of his opposition to decorating the walls of the Central Hall; H cxcvii. 1429–30.

¹⁶⁵ Forster's amendment to his Contagious Diseases (Animals) (No. 2) bill, agreed; H cxcvii. 1530–1.

¹⁶⁶ His amendment to clause 67 was withdrawn; H cxcvii. 1535–7.

¹⁶⁷ The overall effect of the 62 amendments passed by the Lords was to make a nonsense of the disendowing clauses of the bill, restoring to the Church of Ireland most of its property and money. It was to be left to parliament in future to decide how the surplus funds should be applied, and the preamble of the bill was rewritten so as to permit the concurrent endowment of other denominations. An element of concurrent endowment was also introduced with the amendment providing that glebe houses and lands be given to Roman Catholic and Presbyterian clergy out of the Church of Ireland's surplus funds. Disestablishment was to be postponed from 1 Jan. to 1 May 1871. See the Annual Register, 1869, 95–100.Google Scholar

¹⁶⁸ Not yet. Gladstone moved the rejection of the most important of the Lords' amendments; H cxcvii. 1891–2.

¹⁶⁹ On the Established Church (Ireland) bill.

¹⁷⁰ To disagree with the Lords' amendment.

¹⁷¹ Who, the previous day, had voted to restore their amendment to the preamble of the Established Church (Ireland) bill; H cxcviii. 323.

¹⁷³ After negotiations between Lord Granville and Lord Cairns, the House of Lords had given way on most of its amendments; G.D., vii. 104–5.

¹⁷³ It was left to parliament to decide in future how the surplus should be applied.

¹⁷⁴ All 3 bills received the Royal assent on 9 Aug.

¹⁷⁵ The Fortifications (Provision for Expenses) bill proposed spending an extra £1,500,000 on the coastal fortifications initiated by Palmerston in 1860.

¹⁷⁶ Beaumont's amendment sought a reduction to £1,285,000 by reducing the number of guns at the Spithead forts; H cxcviii. 1008–9. The government chief whip subsequently complained of the poor attendance by ministers in this and other divisions; Glyn, to Gladstone, , 31 07 [1869]Google Scholar, B.L. Add MSS 44347, fos 307–15.

¹⁷⁷ See pamphlet, Trelawny's, Sketch of existing restrictions on banking and doubts of the soundness of the principles on which they rest (1847).Google Scholar

¹⁷⁸ Gladstone moved that O'Donovan Rossa, elected for Tipperary, was incapable of being returned to the House of Commons on the grounds that he was a convicted felon; H cxcix. 122–3.

¹⁷⁹ For Gladstone's motion.

¹⁸⁰ Surgeon at the London Lock hospital, and honorary secretary of the Extensionist association, campaigning for the extension of the Contagious Diseases acts.

¹⁸¹ The Times, 5 02 1870, 4.Google Scholar

¹⁸² Ibid, 7 Feb. 1870, 10; printed as an appendix to this edition, below pp. 502–4. Edward Webster had made a number of suggestions for procedural reform in a pamphlet, The Public and Private business of the House of Commons considered in relation to the economizaron of the time of the House and its members (1868).Google Scholar

¹⁸³ See above, 12 May 1869. Speaker Denison described the effect of the changes made as follows: ‘The lobby up to the door of the House was open to strangers, and continually crowded by them, so that members could not get to the vote office, or to the refreshment rooms, or to and from the House, without being pressed upon and thronged, not only by constituents, but by members of deputations and strangers, to their excessive inconvenience. I arranged with the Sergeant-at-arms that this first lobby should be kept free of strangers, for the use of members. Strangers to remain in the large central hall, sending in cards or messages to members.’ Ossington, , Journal, 1900), 253Google Scholar. What influence, if any, Trelawny's suggestions had on these changes, is unclear.

¹⁸⁴ 1st reading of the bill to introduce the secret ballot for elections. Leatham agreed to postpone the 2nd reading until after the report of a select committee on the subject.

¹⁸⁵ The Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) bill, limiting the landlords' power of arbitrary eviction and enforcing a system of compensation for departing or evicted tenants. Compensation was to be paid to departing tenants for improvements made to their holdings, and for eviction itself (though not in cases of failure to pay the rent). The distinctive ‘Ulster custom’ of tenant right was to be legally recognised. For the background to the bill, see Steele, E.D., Irish Land and British Politics: Tenant Right and Nationality, 1865–70 (Cambridge, 1974).Google Scholar

¹⁸⁶ William Sharman Crawford was in fact elected for Dundalk in 1834. On 22 Mar. 1848 Trelawny had successfully moved for the rejection of his Irish tenant right bill; H xcvii. 867–8.

¹⁸⁷ Not traced.

¹⁸⁸ In its original form, Forster's bill provided for the creation of School Boards in England and Wales in areas where the existing provision of school places was deemed insufficient. Boards were to have the option of making school attendance compulsory. They were also to be allowed to decide what sort of religious instruction should be provided, with a conscience clause allowing parents to withdraw their children from this instruction if they so desired. Voluntary schools were to be eligible for rate aid. P.P. 1870, i. 505.

¹⁸⁹ An amendment to the supply motion, hostile to turnpike trusts; H cxcix. 551–3, withdrawn.

¹⁹⁰ Motion for a select committee; H cxcix. 697–702.

¹⁹¹ Against Peck's resolution to end the toll; H cxcix. 708–11.

¹⁹² A reference to the provision that School Boards could decide for themselves what religious instruction should be provided.

¹⁹³ H cxcix. 815–18, arguing that the New Forest and the Forest of Dean were badly managed and unproductive.

¹⁹⁴ H cxcix. 1002–10, arguing that this would alleviate poverty.

¹⁹⁵ Against the resolution. Speaker Denison noted that Gladstone's speech against Torrens had been decisive; Ossington, Journal, 252–3.Google Scholar

¹⁹⁶ Against 2nd reading of the Railway Travelling bill.

¹⁹⁷ Assistant Clerk of the House of Commons.

¹⁹⁸ Calling for the substitution of the tax with licences for brewers; H cxcix. 1253–60, withdrawn.

¹⁹⁹ In his budget, Lowe merely removed the tax on farmers who steeped their own barley; 11 Apr., H cc. 1607–45.

²⁰⁰ To delay the 2nd reading for six months.

²⁰¹ He retired from parliament in 1875.

²⁰² 2nd reading of Duncan McLaren's bill.

²⁰³ George Young.

²⁰⁴ The Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) bill, 2nd reading debate continued.

²⁰⁵ He favoured the application of the ‘Ulster custom’ throughout Ireland; H cc. 1643–58.

²⁰⁶ In effect the ‘3 f's’, of fair rent, fixity of tenure and free sale, and no separate recognition of the Ulster custom; H cxcix. 1745–60.

²⁰⁷ Which reported in 1845, favouring compensation for tenants' improvements; P.P. 1845, xix–xxii. for the detailed evidence it collected.

²⁰⁸ 3 June 1858; H cl. 1450–7.

²⁰⁹ He felt that the Ulster custom should not be recognised by law, and that where a man with no lease was evicted in spite of having paid his rent, he should be allowed to appeal to a tribunal in which the Judge would decide each case on its merits; H cxcix. 1806–28.

²¹⁰ Bryan's amendment against the 2nd reading was defeated, 442:11. The Speaker had made special arrangements to cope with the likely large number voting in one lobby; Ossington, Journal, 254.Google Scholar

²¹¹ Crichton's motion condemned the dismissal of Coote for tampering with a jury; H cxcix. 1877–87.

²¹² For the government.

²¹³ Against allowing local authorities discretionary power to determine the religious instruction provided in schools supported by State funds or rates; H cxcix. 1919–31.

²¹⁴ A select committee, chaired by J.F. Maguire, to enquire into the working of the Prison Ministers act of 1863: C.J. cxxv. 85, for the membership; P.P. 1870, viii. 715 for the report.

²¹⁵ 2nd reading of Leatham's Ballot bill. He agreed to postpone it after Lord Harrington, who had chaired a select committee on the subject (of which Leatham was a member), indicated that the government intended to introduce a bill of its own. Kinzer, Bruce L., The Ballot Question in Nineteenth Century English Politics (New York, 1982), 119–34.Google Scholar

²¹⁶ Newdegate, whose adjournment motion was defeated, 226:116.

²¹⁷ Bartellot's motion, which would have killed the bill, defeated 220:110.

²¹⁸ The Times, 23 11 1868, 4.Google Scholar

²¹⁹ Used to mark the hands of those who had voted.

²²⁰ 1st reading of the Peace Preservation (Ireland) bill, aiming e.g. to suppress the use of firearms in proclaimed districts, increase police powers of search, give magistrates powers of summary punishment, and give the Crown powers to seize newspapers; P.P. 1870, iii. 655.

²²¹ Trelawny mistakenly gave the figure for the majority as 161. Lennox was against the retiring of flag officers except on grounds of age or health, because of the expense involved; H cc. 127–36.

²²² Debate continued from 14 Mar.

²²³ Charles Sibthorp, M.P. for Lincoln 1826–32 and 1835–55; an ultra-protectionist.

²²⁴ Gladstone, in a conciliatory speech, had announced that the government was willing to reconsider, during the committee stage, the conscience clause of the Education bill; H cc. 292–303.

²²⁵ P.P. 1860, xvi. i.

²²⁶ 425:13 for the and reading of the Peace Preservation (Ireland) bill.

²²⁷ Acting on behalf of a joint committee of the Protestant Dissenting Deputies and the Liberation Society; the bill would have permitted dissenters' burial services in Anglican Churchyards; Machin, G.I.T., Politics and the Churches in Great Britain, 1869–1921 (Oxford, 1987), 42.Google Scholar

²²⁸ The Home Secretary and his Liberal predecessor.

²²⁹ Trelawny mistakenly gave the figure for the majority as 236. The bill was later withdrawn.

²³⁰ Against the amendment to clause 27 of the Peace Preservation (Ireland) bill, providing for the seizure of ‘treasonable or seditious’ matter; H cc. 617–23.

²³¹ Those who had voted against the 2nd reading, on 22 Mar.

²³² The Times, 9 03 1870, 12.Google Scholar

²³³ Serjeant-at-arms.

²³⁴ C.J. cxxv. 117, for the amendment to clause 5 relating to clients' securities; the amendment to clause 6, setting a twelve month deadline for solicitors' claims, was negatived on 1 Apr.; C.J. cxxv. 121.

²³⁵ He proposed morning sittings for Friday 1st, Tuesday 5th and Friday 8th Apr.; H ce. 992–6.

²³⁶ Gladstone had stated his objection to part of clause 38, relating to awards by Grand Juries to the relatives of murder victims, on the grounds that this was taxation by the House of Lords; H cc. 1050.

²³⁷ On the Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) bill, in committee.

²³⁸ Moved in the Irish Chief Secretary's absence by Gladstone; H cc. 1284–5. A verbal alteration to clause 3 of the Landlord and Tenant (Ireland) bill, clarifying the tenant's right to compensation on quitting his holding.

²³⁹ In Apr. 1858; H cxlix. appendix.

²⁴⁰ The hostile majority numbered 211.

²⁴¹ 2nd reading of Osborne Morgan's bill to facilitate (with powers of compulsory purchase) acquisitions of land for places of worship. Morgan pointed out that in Wales there was often difficulty in obtaining land for dissenters' chapels, because of the hostility of landlords; H cc. 1382–90. The bill made no further progress.

²⁴² The Solicitor General agreed to the omission of the clause from the Attorneys and Solicitors Remuneration bill; H ce. 1423.

²⁴³ E.P. Beuverie.

²⁴⁴ Trelawny had been paired from 7–12 Apr., and the Easter recess followed until the 25th. His attendance was intermittent until the end of the month, due to rheumatism.

²⁴⁵ i.e. the Deceased Wife's Sister bill, moved by Thomas Chambers. Later rejected by the House of Lords.

²⁴⁶ House of Lords Sessional Papers, 1835, i. 195.

²⁴⁷ 290:209 against Ball.

²⁴⁸ On 2 May Newdegate had secured the appointment of a select committee to inquire into the matter; H cci. 51–84.

²⁴⁹ A sensational court case, in 1869, in which Mary Saurin successfully sued the mother superior (Mrs Star) of a convent in Hull, for libel and conspiracy. Arnstein, Walter, Protestant and Catholic in Mid-Victorian England: Mr. Newdegate and the Nuns (University of Missouri Press, 1982), 108–22Google Scholar. The case fuelled Newdegate's demands for a parliamentary inquiry.

²⁵⁰ For the 2nd reading of the bill to enfranchise women householders.

²⁵¹ On Newdegate's motion on convents, 2 May; The Times, 4 05 1870, 7.Google Scholar

²⁵² His amendment only applied to the National Gallery and parts of the British Museum; H cci. 330–3. Withdrawn.

²⁵³ Kinnaird seconding and Gregory supporting Allen; Walpole and Hope were sceptical. H cci. 330–50 for the debate.

²⁵⁴ T.D., 16 Feb. 1860.

²⁵⁵ Published on 12 May.

²⁵⁶ In committee, on clause 5.

²⁵⁷ Possibly the Earl of Dunraven.

²⁵⁸ The Parliamentary Elections bill, based on the report of Harrington's select committee (P.P. 1870, vi. 131), provided for a secret ballot, the abolition of public nominations, and banned the use of public houses as committee rooms. It did not, however, apply to municipal elections, and numbered counterfoils on the ballot papers left open the possibility of a scrutiny. 1st reading given, but no further progress made.

²⁵⁹ Against the motion to enter into committee on the bill to extend household suffrage to women.

²⁶⁰ H cci. 670–82. Edward Barry, the son of Sir Charles Barry, had been appointed by Cowper-Temple in 1860, but had quarrelled with Ayrton, the current chief commissioner for works and buildings. There was some doubt as to whether Barry was, strictly speaking, an office holder. For the long and controversial history of the new parliament buildings, see Quinault, Roland, ‘Westminster and the Victorian Constitution’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, sixth series, ii (1992), 79–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

²⁶¹ ‘The offer was met by a dry and hard assumption as to the rights of the Crown’; H cci. 701.

²⁶² 152:109.

²⁶³ Perhaps George Wingrove Cooke, a leader writer for The Times.

²⁶⁴ Not found.

²⁶⁵ Ready for the 1st reading of William Fowler's bill to repeal the Contagious Diseases acts of 1866 and 1869. There had been a mounting public agitation against the acts during the early months of 1870; McHugh, Paul, Prostitution and Victorian Social Reform (1980), 56–9.Google Scholar

²⁶⁶ Government chief whip.

²⁶⁷ In June 1849; Hunt, Frederick Knight, The Fourth Estate: Contributions towards a history of newspapers and of the liberty of the press (1850), ii. 286.Google Scholar

²⁶⁸ 209:45 against Watkin Williams' resolution for disestablishment; H cci. 1274–91.

²⁶⁹ 229:88 to adjourn the House. The Home Secretary, Bruce, announced that a Royal Commission would be appointed.

²⁷⁰ Supporting the Contagious Diseases acts.

²⁷¹ H cci. 1307–47 reports the speeches ‘so far as they can be ascertained’. This was at least partly based on Trelawny's notes: see below, 5 July 1870.

²⁷² In a part of his diary entry for 20 Mar. 1872 (not printed), Trelawny mentions that this was on 12 May 1843, H box. 313–14, during a tempestuous debate on the corn laws.

²⁷³ It was now through the committee stage.

²⁷⁴ Chairman of committees.

²⁷⁵ i.e. Gladstone.

²⁷⁶ Describing the 5 bishops who had signed a petition supporting the Contagious Diseases acts as ‘a smartish lot to go into an affair of this kind’; H cci. 1338.

²⁷⁷ Parliamentary secretary to the admiralty.

²⁷⁸ Parliament had ajourned for Whitsun on 31 May.

²⁷⁹ With the House in committee, the Speaker himself spoke in favour of Gregory's motion against the horse licence; Ossington, Journal, 257.Google Scholar

²⁸⁰ It was slightly earlier; T.D., 20 Mar. 1861.

²⁸¹ ‘… the principle of representation ought to be applied to the government and financial administration of Counties’; H cci. 1853–61. Defeated, 61:39.

²⁸² See above, 28 May 1869.

²⁸³ The Times, 14 06 1870, 9Google Scholar. The bill had now been adopted as a government measure. Gladstone admitted that he had made an agreement to exclude the Heads of Colleges from the bill's provisions; H cci. 1949–51. Cf. Gladstone to Benjamin Jowett, 13 June 1870, G.D., vii. 306.Google Scholar

²⁸⁴ 181:113. H cci. 1966–7, for the amendment.

²⁸⁵ Motion withdrawn.

²⁸⁶ His resolution that no opposed business should be brought on after midnight was raised on 21 June, but withdrawn; H ccii. 704–6.

²⁸⁷ The 1867 Reform act provided that the cities of Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds and Glasgow, together with certain counties, should each return 3 members. In such constituencies, electors could only cast two votes.

²⁸⁸ A supporter of proportional representation, who favoured the extension of the minority clauses; H ccii. 149–57.

²⁸⁹ In fact there had been a mistake, and the bill should have been rejected on the first division; Ossington, Journal, 257–8.Google Scholar

²⁹⁰ Voluntary schools were to be financially supported only by State grants, and not out of the rates; and Cowper-Temple's clause, proposing that religious instruction in Board Schools should exclude any ‘catechism or religious formulary distinctive of any particular denomination’, was adopted. H ccii. 266–85. For the background to these changes, see Parry, J.P., Democracy and Religion: Gladstone and the Liberal Party, 1867–1875 (Cambridge, 1986), 303–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

²⁹¹ Trelawny is referring to the changes made by two orders-in-council, the first, of 4 June, introducing competitive examinations for entrance to parts of the civil service, the second, signed by the Queen on 28 June, regulating the position of the commander-in-chief.

²⁹² T.D., 22 and 24 Mar. 1865.

²⁹³ Since 1833.

²⁹⁴ Opposing any increase in State grants to denominational schools, favouring a national system of elementary education with compulsory attendance, and urging that religious instruction should be left to the voluntary efforts of the religious denominations; H ccii. 495–510.

²⁹⁵ 163:106.

²⁹⁶ By Clare Sewell Read.

²⁹⁷ No evidence for this. There were Cabinet meetings on 18 and 23 June, as well as ‘smaller and larger conclaves respecting Land Bill’; G.D., vii. 310–13.Google Scholar

²⁹⁸ Against Richard's motion, continued from 20 June.

²⁹⁹ His Lords Spiritual bill, to remove bishops from the House of Lords, was defeated by 158:102 on 21 June. Trelawny had paired for the bill with C.H. Mills.

³⁰⁰ Amendment to clause 10 that twenty householders (rather than a majority of ratepayers) could apply for a School Board to be set up; H ccii. 1225–6. Defeated, 249:63.

³⁰¹ 252:95; H ccii. 1236–44.

³⁰² 250:81; H ccii. 1265–7.

³⁰³ 251:130 against the amendment to prohibit teaching ‘in favour of or against the distinctive tenets of any religious denomination’; H ccii. 1270–1. Gladstone argued that the effect of this would be ‘to introduce a new kind of State religion’; H ccii. 1280–2. 133 Liberals abstained from the division and only 91 non-government Liberals voted with Ministers, but ‘132 Conservatives ensured government victory’; Parry, , Democracy and Religion, 306.Google Scholar

³⁰⁴ 257:32; H ccii. 1308–10.

³⁰⁵ Provided for in clause 25 of the bill.

³⁰⁶ The Foreign Secretary had died on 27 June, and was succeeded by Lord Granville.

³⁰⁷ Forster retained his post as Vice-President of the Council; Halifax became Lord Privy Seal in place of Lord Kimberley, who succeeded Granville at the Colonial Office.

³⁰⁸ Complaining that the rule that a quorum of 40 members was required for proceedings to continue was making it difficult for private members motions; H ccii. 1365–6.

³⁰⁹ Fridays had changed from being government nights to supply nights, which enabled M.P.s to raise issues of their choice in the form of amendments to the main motion; see White, William, The Inner Life of the House of Commons (ed. Justin McCarthy, 1897), ii. 191–3.Google Scholar

³¹⁰ Agreed without a division.

³¹¹ It was; H cci. 1338.

³¹² Macrae, David, The Americans at Home (Edinburgh, 1870).Google Scholar

³¹³ Raised on 11 July; H cciii. 30–1. Cardwell, the War Secretary, confirmed that the commander-in-chief was exempted from section 106 of the Royal warrant.

³¹⁴ 2nd reading of the Poaching Prevention act repeal bill, defeated 140:62.

³¹⁵ P.P. 1845, xii. 331; 1846, ix. 1.

³¹⁶ i.e. Grey.

³¹⁷ 109:64 for the 2nd reading, but it proceeded no further.

³¹⁸ T.D., 23 and 24 July 1862.

³¹⁹ The amendment was defeated, 273:88.

³²⁰ Sir Thomas Bazley's amendment to clause 65, defeated 230:92; H ccii. 1716–17.

³²¹ Smith moved that no public buildings should be erected on that part of the embankment which was reserved to the crown and which had been reclaimed from the river at the ratepayer's expense; H ccii. 1752–8. Amendment carried, 156:106, the government's defeat ‘not averted by Gladstone's angry & unconciliatory speech’; G.H.D., 9 07 1870.Google Scholar

³²² He had resigned as a Lord of the Admiralty because of his opposition to the Education bill.

³²³ Hostile speeches by Candlish and Dixon; H cciii. 66–7.

³²⁴ Which was eventually withdrawn.

³²⁵ Irish Chief Secretary.

³²⁶ 2nd reading of the Permissive Prohibitory bill, empowering ratepayers to close down public houses.

³²⁷ Home Secretary.

³²⁸ 143:54 against Goldney's superfluous amendment; H cciii. 192. The bill was later withdrawn.

³²⁹ Bartellot defeated, 244:136.

³³⁰ Against Hope's amendment; H cciii. 296. Cf. The Times, 15 07 1870, 8.Google Scholar

³³¹ It has been suggested that the government was seeking to placate the radicals after having dropped the Parliamentary Elections bill; Kinzer, , Ballot Question, 141–4Google Scholar. In the event, the House of Lords struck out the ballot clause from the Education bill.

³³² i.e. at a quarter to six. The bill did not come on again. See H cciii. 574–607 for an account of the debate as far as it could be ascertained: the extent of Trelawny's contribution to this report is unknown.

³³³ Gladstone declared his support for Leatham's Ballot bill, which was given its and reading without a division; H cciii. 1028–34. No further progress made.

³³⁴ Gladstone had changed his mind on the subject in 1868, when he had been anxious to secure John Blight's adhesion to his new government; Kinzer, , Ballot Question, 146–7.Google Scholar

³³⁵ See above, 27 Apr. 1870.

³³⁶ Probably either C.P. Villiers or Thomas Milner Gibson.

³³⁷ See above, 13 July 1870.

³³⁸ On 2 Aug. parliament voted for a £2 million credit and 20,000 extra troops; H cciii. 1300.

³³⁹ Royal assent, 9 Aug.

³⁴⁰ The Home Secretary's speech mentioned, inter alia, a Licensing bill, a Trade Union bill and a Mines Regulation bill; H cciii. 1734–5.

³⁴¹ All were prominent radicals.

³⁴² On 9 Aug. Britain had signed a treaty with Prussia reaffirming the neutrality of Belgium (as guaranteed by the treaty of 1839), and stating that if either Prussia or France violated this neutrality Britain would intervene with the other in order to defend Belgium. B.F.S.P., lx. 13–17. A similar treaty with France was signed on 11 Aug.: B.F.S.P., lx. 10–13.

³⁴³ Gladstone's Cabinet notes of 2 Nov. 1870 and 25 Jan. 1871 show the government's intentions for an ambitious legislative programme; G.D., vii. 390, 438. The latter note listed five issues as of prime importance: abolition of University Tests; abolition of the Ecclesiastical Titles act; an Army Regulation bill; a Ballot bill, and a Trade Union bill.

³⁴⁴ Arguing that government economies in the armed forces had rendered Britain impotent in Europe; H cciv. 70–96.

³⁴⁵ A dowry of £30,000 and an annuity of £6,000, on her marriage to the Marquis of Lorne.

³⁴⁶ The Home Secretary's Trades Union bill, giving legal recognition to unions, received the Royal assent on 29 June, along with a Criminal Law amendment bill containing provisions regarding peaceful picketing which were originally in the Trades Union bill; P.P. 1871, vi. 267; i. 347.

³⁴⁷ The Home undersecretary's Inclosure Law amendment bill was later withdrawn; the Attorney General's repeal bill received the Royal assent on 24 July.

³⁴⁸ West Briton, 10 01 1851, 4–5.Google Scholar

³⁴⁹ The Army Regulation bill, re-organising the army (particularly the reserve forces) and abolishing the purchase of commissions; Gallagher, Thomas F., ‘“Cardwellian Mysteries”: The Fate of the Army Regulation Bill, 1871’, Historical Journal, xviii (1975), 327–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

³⁵⁰ Peel challenged Gladstone's claim that William IV had received more for the civil list than Queen Victoria; H cciv. 367–8.

³⁵¹ Lorne was the eldest son of the Duke of Argyll, the Secretary of State for India.

³⁵² i.e. Taylor's.

³⁵³ General Storks had been brought into parliament to assist the government in passing its army reforms. His earlier attempts to gain election to the Commons were hampered by the hostile campaigns against him by opponents of the Contagious Diseases acts; Hanham, H J., Elections and Party Management: Politics in the Time of Disraeli and Gladstone (2nd ed., Brighton, 1978), 218–20.Google Scholar

³⁵⁴ In Nov. 1870, of which Trelawny was a member; McHugh, Paul, Prostitution and Victorian Social Reform (London, 1980), 60–4.Google Scholar

³⁵⁵ Divinity students could still be required to subscribe to a religious formulary; H cciv. 500–1.

³⁵⁶ The majority included 112 Conservatives, and only 31 British Liberal backbenchers; Parry, J.P., Democracy and Religion: Gladstone and the Liberal Party, 1867–1875 (Cambridge, 1986), 308CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Fawcett's amendment only applied to clerical fellowships.

³⁵⁷ The bill finally passed; Royal assent 16 June.

³⁵⁸ That military re-organisation must include an alteration in the tenure of the commander-in-chief (the Duke of Cambridge, the Queen's cousin); H cciv. 590–612.

³⁵⁹ Whose resolutions were defeated, 201:83.

³⁶⁰ Plimsoll withdrew his bill; however the government's Merchant Shipping bill, introduced on 13 Feb., was also subsequently dropped.

³⁶¹ In Oct. 1870 Russia had seized the opportunity afforded by the Franco-Prussian war to denounce the clauses of the Treaty of Paris (1856) which excluded her warships from the Black Sea. A conference of the European Powers in London, in Jan. 1871, effectively accepted Russia's action, agreeing to the abrogation of the Black sea clauses; B.F.S.P. lvi. 1193–1227.

³⁶² Gladstone defended his assertion, made in the debate on the Address, that the two dead Liberal statesmen had believed that the Black sea clauses could be no more than temporary; H cciv. 854–65.

³⁶³ A separate issue. Robinson had resigned as controller of the navy and third sea lord after a dispute with the first lord, Childers. Gladstone asked Robinson to change the date of his minute to the day after his resignation, so that there would be no formal difficulty about publishing it. Their correspondence was printed in The Times, 16 02 1871, 10.Google Scholar

³⁶⁴ See above, 20 Feb.

³⁶⁵ Russell was a special envoy to the German army at Versailles. Gladstone denied that he had thrown him over; H cciv. 854–65.

³⁶⁶ The committee was to inquire into the agrarian conspiracy, known as ribbonism, in County Westmeath and adjoining areas; H cciv. 989–1000. Harrington, the Irish Chief Secretary, had originally proposed on 23 Feb. that the committee should take evidence in private. Both Harrington and the Lord Lieutenant, Spencer, had favoured immediate legislative action, but this was resisted by Gladstone; G.D. vii. 449–50.

³⁶⁷ Lopes wanted an inquiry into the incidence of local and imperial taxation so as to ensure an equal burden for different types of property; H cciv. 1037–61.

³⁶⁸ For the 2nd reading of Osborne Morgan's annual bill.

³⁶⁹ See above, 27 Feb.

³⁷⁰ In Disraeli's ministry, Sept.–Dec. 1868.

³⁸⁰ The vote was 256:175 in favour of a committee. Disraeli and some 50–60 Conservative M.P.s walked out in order to save the government from a possible defeat; Disraeli to Northcote, 10 Mar. 1871, in Monypenny, W.F. and Buckle, G.E., Life of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield (1929 ed.), ii. 478–9Google Scholar. Following the committee's report, on 31 Mar., the government introduced a Protection of Life and Property bill, suspending Habeas Corpus in Westmeath and surrounding areas; Royal assent 16 June. P.P. 1871, iv. 701.

³⁷² Amendment to the supply motion, that civil engineers need not have been educated at government colleges; H cciv. 1326–30.

³⁷³ Colonel Loyd Lindsay's amendment to the 2nd reading of the Army Regulation bill, that in the light of recent additional defence expenditure it was unjustified to vote public money for the abolition of purchase; H cciv. 1397–1415. Lindsay put the cost of abolition at £12 millions, compared with the government's estimate of £8 millions.

³⁷⁴ George Young.

³⁷⁵ Against the 2nd reading. The government introduced its own Game Laws amendment bill on 9 Mar., but it was later dropped.

³⁷⁶ Against Hunt's motion that the chairman leave the chair. The bill was rejected by the House of Lords.

³⁷⁷ i.e. salaries from office of members of both Houses of Parliament; H cciv. 1985–90. Negatived.

³⁷⁸ The trade union leader; an opponent of the acts.

³⁷⁹ On the Army Regulation bill.

³⁸⁰ See above, 6 Mar. On the Conservative side, it appears that ‘few liked Lindsay's amendment & our party wd. have mustered badly’; G.H.D., 17 03 1871.Google Scholar

³⁸¹ Her tone had been aggressive and hysterical; McHugh, Prostitution, 64–5.Google Scholar

³⁸² Amendment to the supply motion, that no further appointments should be made unless they involved active command of a regiment; H ccv. 274–9.

³⁸³ The law of distress allowed for the seizure of chattels in order to recover a debt; the law of hypothec gave a prior claim to the landlord for his rent over the crops and stock of the tenant farmer.

³⁸⁴ George Young.

³⁸⁵ Asserting that the bill would set a precedent for the abolition of the law of distress; H ccv. 430–5.

³⁸⁶ This was negatived, and the 2nd reading of the bill defeated, 186:105, with many English county members voting against it.

³⁸⁷ And both were defeated.

³⁸⁸ During the debate on Mundella's amendment.

³⁸⁹ Vivian, the Lord Lieutenant of Cornwall, was at loggerheads with the War office. He had differed from the diarist's brother, H.R. Trelawny, over the date for the militia's manoeuvres, and had sought his removal. H ccv. 734–7. Motion negatived.

³⁹⁰ H ccv. 894–918; regretting the government's agreement to the London conference at which the Black sea clauses of the Treaty of Paris had been abrogated. Gathorne Hardy seems to have suspected that ‘Disraeli secretly egged on the movement’; G.H.D., 31 Mar. 1871.

³⁹¹ P.P. 1871, ix. I.

³⁹² It also provoked a storm of protest from the drink interest, fearing that publican's licences would be withdrawn; Harrison, Brian, Drink and the Victorians (1971), 263–8.Google Scholar

³⁹³ 4 July 1845; H lxxxii. 25–6.

³⁹⁴ The House had adjourned for Easter on 4 Apr., resuming on the 17th.

³⁹⁵ Lowe offered to allow the commutation of pensions for those whose posts had been abolished; H ccv. 1256–8.

³⁹⁶ H ccv. 1272–8, for Gladstone's offer of an inquiry into what could be done.

³⁹⁷ Robinson, the former controller of the navy and third sea lord, had been opposed to the mode of construction of the ‘Captain’, which had sunk in the Bay of Biscay in Sept. 1870.

³⁹⁸ Against the motion for a select committee of inquiry.

³⁹⁹ The Local Taxation bill was an ambitious scheme, summarised by one historian as follows: ‘A single local rating authority and one single consolidated rate were to be substituted for the many that existed before. New Parochial and County Boards were to become the organs of local government, posing a threat to the existing structure of landed hegemony in the Countryside.’ Offer, Avner, Property and Politics, 1870–1914 (Cambridge, 1981), 177–9.Google Scholar

⁴⁰⁰ P.P. 1845, xii. 331; 1846, ix. 1.

⁴⁰¹ 2nd reading defeated, 172:49.

⁴⁰² Hardcastle's plan would have made game the property of the occupier, so that poaching would be regarded as common theft; H ccv. 1364–6.

⁴⁰³ 106:37 for Craufurd's adjournment motion. Gladstone's Cabinet note of 3 Mar. 1871 reads: ‘Game Laws. 2R M'Lagan's bill. Not to object. Proposed reference of Bills including our own to a Committee’. G.D., vii. 458. This was the course adopted, but no legislation resulted.

⁴⁰⁴ The Times, 21 04 1871, 9Google Scholar. In order to cover an anticipated deficit arising from the costs of army reform and extra military expenditure, Lowe added id. to the income tax, imposed a tax of 1/2d. on small boxes of matches and id. on larger ones, and doubled the succession duties to 2% in cases where the heir was the eldest son; H ccv. 1391–1419.

⁴⁰⁵ The 1st resolution, regarding the match duties, was passed, 201:44.

⁴⁰⁶ Opposing additional taxation; H ccv. 1585–93.

⁴⁰⁷ By the matchgirls' demonstration organised by Bryant and May. The government now dropped both the match duties and the increased succession duties, and instead put 2d. on the income tax. Winter, James, Robert Lowe (Toronto, 1976), 274–8.Google Scholar

⁴⁰⁸ 197:96 for the supply amendment; H ccv. 1852–8. Cf. G.D., vii. 487: ‘… circumstances of much indignity’.

⁴⁰⁹ Against the increase in income tax; H ccv. 1937–43.

⁴¹⁰ Ill-health affected Trelawny's attendance for the remainder of this session.

⁴¹¹ 2nd reading of the Women's Disabilities bill, extending the parliamentary franchise to female householders.

⁴¹² In 1868; Edwin Chadwick was defeated.

⁴¹³ Saying that the government had no view on the matter, that personally he was against it, but even this was expressed ambiguously; H ccvi. 88–95.

⁴¹⁴ Trelawny mistakenly gave the minority as 157.

⁴¹⁵ Government chief whip.

⁴¹⁶ The whole measure was later dropped.

⁴¹⁷ Recommended by the recent select committee; P.P. 1871, ix. 1.

⁴¹⁸ The resolution was for disestablishment in England, Scotland and Wales; H ccvi. 474–97.

⁴¹⁹ i.e. against Miall.

⁴²⁰ President of the Local Government Board.

⁴²¹ E.B. Willyams, the other member for East Cornwall; Trelawny was absent ill.

⁴²² In fact, the government chief whip reported to Gladstone that the House had misunderstood Stansfeld's intention, which was ‘to protest agst a division being taken without discussion’; Glyn to Gladstone, 10 May 1871, B.L. Add MSS 44348, fo. 94.

⁴²³ Amendment in committee to clause 2 of the Army Regulation bill, seeking to restrict compensation for the abolition of purchased commissions to the official, ‘regulation’ price; H ccvi. 811–16.

⁴²⁴ Three time-wasting amendments to clause 3, relating to compensation for officers.

⁴²⁵ The adjournment motion was defeated, 87:57, but the Home Secretary then agreed to it after Tom Collins moved to adjourn the House (which, if passed, would have killed the bill). The bill received the Royal assent on 21 Aug.

⁴²⁶ Committee stage of the bill to suspend Habeas Corpus in County Westmeath and surrounding areas; the minorities in the three divisions numbered 7, 8 and 11.

⁴²⁷ White's motion urged that priority be given to reducing indirect taxes; H ccvi. 1436–43, withdrawn. Lowe's speech, reasserting the principle that the working classes must pay their share of taxes, was published in pamphlet form: Lowe, R., ‘The National Debt Speech … on the 2nd of June 1871’, (1871).Google Scholar

⁴²⁸ He was suffering from a fever, 28 May–4 June; G.D., vii. 502–4.

⁴²⁹ On the Army Regulation bill, in committee. Trelawny mistakenly wrote that there were 2 motions.

⁴³⁰ See above, 27 July 1870. Disraeli pointed to the delay in passing the Irish Protection of Life and Property bill, while the government was pressing its Ballot bill which, he argued, was not urgent; H ccvi. 1587–92.

⁴³¹ H ccvi. 1601–2.

⁴³² In committee.

⁴³³ The bill provided for compensation to officers on the basis of the unofficial price paid in practice for commissions, rather than the ‘regulation price’.

⁴³⁴ An analysis of the evidence given to the Royal Commission; P.P. 1871, xix. 33.

⁴³⁵ Who were obstructing the Army Regulation bill.

⁴³⁶ Lord Chancellor Hatherley's expected Judicature bill had not been introduced.

⁴³⁷ Two new puisne judges were added to the judicial committee of the privy council; G.D., vii. (17 June 1871 and note).

⁴³⁸ The former radical M.P. and historian (1794–1871); a friend of the diarist.

⁴³⁹ Lord G. Hamilton's proposed clause to the Army Regulation bill; H ccvii. 275–81.

⁴⁴⁰ 2nd Reading passed, 147:119; defeated on 26 June.

⁴⁴¹ Opposing the bill to ban the opening of public houses; H ccvii. 380–3.

⁴⁴² H ccvii. 402–4; defeated 254:145. The vacancies arose from the disfranchisement of Beverley, Bridgwater, Cashel and Sligo, for corrupt practices.

⁴⁴³ The chief commissioner of works and buildings, dealing with the civil service estimates in committee of supply.

⁴⁴⁴ 2nd Reading of West's Parish Churches bill; withdrawn. It sought to prevent bishops in future from appropriating pews for the use of landowners and others at the expense of ordinary parishioners. Osborne Morgan's annual Burials bill was in committee, but never completed this stage.

⁴⁴⁵ Amendment to the supply motion calling for action against the East African slave trade; H ccvii. 952–5. Withdrawn after the offer of a select committee of inquiry.

⁴⁴⁶ Beresford Hope, of Dutch extraction, was a heavy, clumsy figure. Disraeli had once referred (in 1867) to the ‘Batavian grace’ of his invective, which took the sting out of it; Monypenny and Buckle, Disraeli, ii. 265.Google Scholar

⁴⁴⁷ 121:76 for the 2nd Reading, but no further progress.

⁴⁴⁸ See above, 24 May 1870.

⁴⁴⁹ George Young.

⁴⁵⁰ Sir Robert Collier.

⁴⁵¹ The Times, 7 07 1871, 5, 9.Google Scholar

⁴⁵² 154:63 against Newdegate.

⁴⁵³ His amendment, to continue nomination meetings, passed 296:183; H ccvii. 1259–64.

⁴⁵⁴ P.P., 1871, xix. 1, for the anodyne report recommending that the regulation of prostitutes be continued, but not the periodic medical examinations. There were seven minority reports; Trelawny signed the one by Pakington which defended the periodic examination of prostitutes; McHugh, Prostitution, 65–8.Google Scholar

⁴⁵⁵ 210:134 and 240:142 respectively.

⁴⁵⁶ To prevent the Parliamentary Elections bill coming on; negatived.

⁴⁵⁷ 118:115 for Charley's amendment, in committee on the New Mint Building site bill, that the chairman leave the chair.

⁴⁵⁸ Who defeated the amendment, 201:177.

⁴⁵⁹ :55:130 against the 2nd Reading, that day.

⁴⁶⁰ Chairman of committees.

⁴⁶¹ Announced in the House of Lords by Granville; H ccviii. 2–9.

⁴⁶² The Times, 21 07 1871, 9.Google Scholar

⁴⁶³ The Times, 21 07 1871, 12.Google Scholar

⁴⁶⁴ It was considered at a Cabinet meeting that day; G.D. viii. 12.

⁴⁶⁵ Dixon's amendment that the allowance be reduced to £10,000 per annum was defeated, 289:51; Gladstone's original motion for £15,000 was then carried, 276:11.

⁴⁶⁶ A reference to the growing impatience with the Queen's seclusion from public life since the death of Prince Albert in 1861.

⁴⁶⁷ The bill was later rejected by the House of Lords on the grounds that it had been sent up to them so late in the session.

⁴⁶⁸ The previous day, the Lords had passed Richmond's censure motion condemning the government's action in using a Royal warrant to abolish the purchase of army commissions as an ‘interposition of the Executive during the progress of a measure submitted to Parliament’; H ccviii. 455–63.

⁴⁶⁹ On 8 Nov. 1871 the Cabinet considered far-reaching changes including restrictions on factious adjournments, the clôture, and Grand Committees; G.D. viii. 59. But see below, 26 Feb. 1872, for the result.

⁴⁷⁰ His amendment to the 2nd Reading of the Military Manoeuvres bill, criticising the War Office administration; H ccviii. 1337–41. The 2nd Reading was eventually agreed without a division.

⁴⁷¹ Motion for a select committee; withdrawn. The ‘Captain’ was a newly-designed turret ship which had sunk in the Bay of Biscay, in Sept. 1870, with the loss of 500 men. Sadler, Stanley, “In Deference to Public Opinion”: The Loss of H.M.S. Captain’, Mariner's Mirror, lix (1973), 57–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁴⁷² The former Liberal minister had lost his seat in 1868, and never returned to the Commons.

⁴⁷³ William Fowler's motion to reduce the army estimates by £3,793, defeated 65:44; H ccviii. 1616–20.

⁴⁷⁴ Having abolished the purchase of army commissions by Royal warrant, the government was able to reintroduce its Army Regulation bill which had to be passed by the Lords if any compensation was to be given to officers. Royal assent, 17 Aug.

⁴⁷⁵ By the treaty of Washington, 8 May 1871, the British and U.S. governments had agreed to submit a number of disputes between the two countries to independent arbitrators at Geneva. B.F.S.P. LXI 40–56Google Scholar. The most important of these disputes involved the American claim of compensation for the damage inflicted on Federal shipping by the ‘Alabama’, a warship supplied from Britain to the Confederates during the American civil war. It later became clear, however, that die Americans intended to revive their ‘indirect claims’ for damages, i.e. that they should also receive compensation for the undue prolongation of the civil war allegedly caused by Britain's action. The British government denied that the indirect claims were admissible under the treaty of Washington. Cook, Adrian, The “Alabama” Claims: American Politics and Anglo-American Relations, 1865–1872 (Cornell University Press, 1975).Google Scholar

⁴⁷⁶ The Northern division of the West Riding of Yorkshire, where the Conservative candidate won by 54 votes. The abortive Licensing bill of the previous year had provoked great hostility towards the government on the part of the drink interest. The Times, 5 02 1872, 8.Google Scholar

⁴⁷⁷ i.e. whether die treaty covered the indirect claims.

⁴⁷⁸ In a speech at Newcastle, Dilke had criticised me cost of the monarchy; The Times, 6 11 1871, 6.Google Scholar

⁴⁷⁹ Speaker Denison had informed Gladstone that the strain of the previous session had been too much for him; 24 Nov. 1871, B.L. Add MSS 44261, fo. 322.

⁴⁸⁰ He had been passed over for the vacant post, which was offered to H.B. Brand, a former Liberal chief whip.

⁴⁸¹ Reference unclear.

⁴⁸² The government had decided to repeal the acts of 1866 and 1869, and rely on other existing laws to deal with brothels; see Gladstone's Cabinet note, 15 July 1871, G.D. viii. 7–8.

⁴⁸³ Not recorded in Hansard; presumably the objection was that the bill's sponsor was not present.

⁴⁸⁴ Unidentified.

⁴⁸⁵ Richard Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury; Lord Chancellor 1861–5.

⁴⁸⁶ Which passed, 179:108; but Osborne Morgan's annual bill, to permit Dissenters' burial services in Anglican churchyards, again failed to complete its passage through the Commons.

⁴⁸⁷ Sir Robert Collier, formerly Attorney General, had been appointed a judge of common pleas solely in order to qualify him for an appointment to the judicial committee of the privy council. Lord Stanhope's resolution, regretting this procedure as a violation of the spirit of the rules governing appointments to the judicial committee (which required a judicial qualification), was defeated by 88:87; H ccix. 376–88.

⁴⁸⁸ R.A. Cross moved the same resolution as Lord Stanhope's.

⁴⁸⁹ Moving an amendment that there was no cause for censure; H ccix. 677–95. This was carried, 268:241.

⁴⁹⁰ See Rodger, N.A.M., ‘The Dark Ages of the Admiralty, 1869–85, part 1’, Mariner's Mirror, lxi (1975), 331–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁴⁹¹ Government chief whip.

⁴⁹² 2nd reading of Thomas Chambers' annual bill carried, 186:138.

⁴⁹³ The Attorney General, Sir John Coleridge, had been counsel for the defence in the celebrated case of Tichborne v. Lushington; Annual Register, 1872, part 2, 239–50.Google Scholar

⁴⁹⁴ Requiring all members to attend unless they had been given leave of absence.

⁴⁹⁵ The Royal Parks and Gardens bill, to regulate public meetings, in committee; Goldsmid's motion to report progress defeated, 140:24.

⁴⁹⁶ The Times, 24 02 1872, 9Google Scholar. Hardy accused Gladstone of having incited the Hyde Park riot of 1866. His diary records that his speech ‘caused such an explosion of passion & temper from Gladstone as even he has seldom exhibited. Constant storms followed. His abuse of me amused me a good deal more than hurt me. He could scarcely get it out for rage. What a leader of the House’; G.H.D., 23 02 1872.Google Scholar

⁴⁹⁷ Lowe carried his resolution to facilitate the passing of the Estimates, by avoiding debates on the motion to enter into committee of supply on Mondays, 132:92; H ccix. 1058–61. Selwin-Ibbetson's call for a select committee was defeated, 152:120.

⁴⁹⁸ Not specified in the debate.

⁴⁹⁹ Government chief whip.

⁵⁰⁰ The subject does not appear to have been discussed in Cabinet since 3 Feb.; G.D. viii. 106.

⁵⁰¹ H ccix. 1221–38.

⁵⁰² Against the motion. Trelawny mistakenly gave the figure for the minority as 113.

⁵⁰³ Hinde Palmer's motion for the irregular procedure, H ccix. 1318, defeated 170:122. Dodson, the chairman of committees, argued that such a committee would be partisan. The bill was a private one, empowering the Metropolitan Board of Works to borrow £2.5 millions to build a new street between Old Street, Shoreditch, and Oxford Street.

⁵⁰⁴ Dixon's 6 resolutions criticising the operation of the 1870 Education act, especially the failure in many areas to have School Boards set up, and the use of public money to support denominational schools; H ccix. 1395–1407. Defeated 355:94. Forster's amendment, urging that it was too soon to assess the working of the act; H ccix. 1418–38, carried by 323:98.

⁵⁰⁵ The National Education League, based in Birmingham, which led the opposition to the 1870 act.

⁵⁰⁶ Osborne Morgan's resolution that county court judges in Welsh-speaking areas should speak the Welsh language; H ccix. 1648–58. Withdrawn. Prompted by the appointment of the non-Welsh speaking Cox to the mid-Wales circuit.

⁵⁰⁷ A long debate on the appointment of the Revd. William Harvey as rector of Ewelme, in Oxfordshire. By statute, the rector had to be a member of the Oxford University convocation, but Harvey was a Cambridge graduate: Gladstone had therefore arranged from him to be made a member of the Oxford convocation in order to qualify him. This episode raised similar doubts about Gladstone's methods to those raised in the recent Collier case; see above, 15 and 19 Feb.

⁵⁰⁸ Holms' amendment to reduce the army by 20,000 was defeated, 234:63, and Muntz's proposed 10,000 reduction by 216:67; Lea's amendment to omit the item for agencies was lost, 87:43. The Estimates amounted to £5,238,000.

⁵⁰⁹ Wedderburn wanted a select committee. Gladstone's Cabinet memorandum of 9 Mar. notes obliquely, ‘Wedderburn's motion: act for the best’; G.D. viii. 122.

⁵¹⁰ Salt's Public Worship Facilities bill, allowing bishops to licence clergy to perform certain services in e.g. school rooms. 122:93 for the 2nd reading, but later withdrawn.

⁵¹¹ 265:108 against Gregory's amendment to prevent nominations being made without the candidates' consent; H cciv. 1956.

⁵¹² Defeated, 362:54.

⁵¹³ The Game Laws, (5th ed., 1866)Google Scholar. No bill was prepared, but Trelawny's concern about this subject reflected constituency pressure for action: see his speech at Liskeard, The Times, 9 01 1872, 5Google Scholar. Trelawny's own position was that he was prepared to give tenants control over game on their holdings, but he was against abolishing all penalties for poaching. The audience at Liskeard seems to have favoured total abolition of the game laws.

⁵¹⁴ P.P. 1870, viii. 715.

⁵¹⁵ P.P. 1845, xii. 331; 1846, ix. 1.

⁵¹⁶ Motion for returns; H ccx. 251–91.

⁵¹⁷ 276 voted against him. Dillwyn's earlier motion to adjourn the House (defeated 261:23), by forcing a division, had made it possible for strangers to return.

⁵¹⁸ The Times, 20 03 1872, 9Google Scholar. Cf. Speaker Brand to Gladstone, 20 Mar. 1872, expressing concern at the ‘turbulent proceedings’; B.L. Add MSS 44194, fo. 143.

⁵¹⁹ The main target of the disorderly conduct during the previous day's debate.

⁵²⁰ Who had customarily spoken against Palmerston at each election; Hon. Ashley, E., Life of Viscount Palmerston, 1846–65 (1876), ii. 151–3.Google Scholar

⁵²¹ Government chief whip.

⁵²² There was no bill. The chairman of committees' 1st resolution, that the private legislation system ‘requires reform’, was agreed; H ccx. 507.

⁵²³ Senior was an eminent economist; the others were members of the medical profession. For the surgeon, F.C. Skey, see McHugh, Paul, Prostitution and Vwtorian Social Reform (1980), 38–42.Google Scholar

⁵²⁴ H ccx. 603–27. With a large surplus in hand, Lowe took 2d. off the income tax and gave extra relief to those on incomes under £300 per annum.

⁵²⁵ 94:21 for the 2nd reading of the bill to abolish religious tests at Trinity College, Dublin.

⁵²⁶ Having adjourned for Easter on 26 Mar.

⁵²⁷ 78:35 against the morion to reduce national expenditure; H ccx. 735–47.

⁵²⁸ 2nd reading passed, 89:37; Royal assent 6 Aug.

⁵²⁹ The 2nd reading of the Public Health bill was passed without a division.

⁵³⁰ Parliamentary Elections bill, in committee. Lowther's amendment allowing postal votes, H ccx. 914–16, defeated 81:36; Bentinck's to omit candidates' names from the ballot paper, H ccx. 926, defeated 143:99; Gregory's for numbered ballot papers, H ccx. 932–3, defeated 166:126.

⁵³¹ A government minister who had come out in favour of repeal in a speech at Halifax; The Times, 4 Apr. 1872, 12.

⁵³² The new chairman of committees and his predecessor opposed Hinde Palmer's motion that petitions by London ratepayers against the Metropolitan Streets improvement bill be heard by the select committee; H ccx. 955–6. Defeated 150:108.

⁵³³ But he was beaten, 103:81; H ccx. 992–1004.

⁵³⁴ In the case of private bills introduced by representative bodies like the Metropolitan Board of works, those represented by that body had no right to petition against such bills. But Gladstone had questioned whether the MBW was really a representative body, as it was not elected by the ratepayers; H ccx. 964–5. There was strong opposition to the bill from London M.P.s, and it made no further progress.

⁵³⁵ A ship used for transporting seamen to Australia, which had run aground in June 1871. A court martial in Nov. 1871 exonerated Captain Thrupp, and the general view was that the Admiralty was to blame for sending out an unseaworthy vessal; Annual Register, 1871, appendix, 243–6.Google Scholar

⁵³⁶ Whose husband, the Viceroy of India, had been murdered in Feb.

⁵³⁷ 3 June 1845; H lxxx. 1374–80.

⁵³⁸ Osborne withdrew his motion on 18 Apr. after receiving assurances from Gladstone; H ccx. 1479–81.

⁵³⁹ 202:126 against Bentinck's amendment to omit ‘secretly’ from clause 2; H ccx. 1091.

⁵⁴⁰ The government had prepared its counter-case to the ‘indirect claims’ made by the U.S. government; H ccx. 1144–9.

⁵⁴¹ That Britain should withdraw from all treaties binding her to military intervention; H ccx. 1151–7, defeated by 126:21.

⁵⁴² Committed to a select committee of which Trelawny was a member; H ccx. 214–21. The bill was to replace the Truck act of 1831, with the same object of ensuring money payments to labourers.

⁵⁴³ Leatham, backed by Forster, had moved an amendment imposing penalties on those who revealed their vote; Harcourt moved an amendment to this replacing the word ‘wilfully’ with ‘with corrupt intent’, and this was carried, 167:166; H ccx. 1292–5.

⁵⁴⁴ 259:159 for the resolution to relieve owners and occupiers of the burden of local taxation for charges such as the police and the administration of justice, which were beyond local control; H ccx. 1331–55. 37 Liberal M.P.s voted with Lopes; Parry, J.P., Democracy and Religan: Gladstone and the Liberal Party, 1867–1875 (Cambridge, 1986), 351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁵⁴⁵ Agreeing that relief to ratepayers was desirable, and that rates for new objects should be shared equitably between owners and occupiers, as in Scotland and Ireland; H ccx. 1355–69.

⁵⁴⁶ The Times, 18 04 1872, 11Google Scholar, criticising Gladstone's failure to recognise the discontent of ratepayers, and pointing to the ominously large number of Liberal absentees from the division on Lopes' resolution.

⁵⁴⁷ In the debate continued from the 15th, Leatham's amendment was defeated 274:246. Trelawny was one of 37 Liberals in the majority, another 70 were absent unpaired; Kinzer, Bruce L., The Ballot Question in Nineteenth Century English Politics (New York, 1982), 210.Google Scholar

⁵⁴⁸ He joined the government in Oct. 1873.

⁵⁴⁹ 3rd reading of the Royal Parks and Gardens bill, passed 114:19; Royal assent 27 June.

⁵⁵⁰ Eykyn proceeded to introduce an Offences Against Women and Children bill, imposing punishment by whipping for certain offences; H ccx. 1798, no progress made.

⁵⁵¹ To repeal clause 25 of the 1870 Education act, which allowed School Boards to pay the fees of pauper children so that they could attend denominational schools; H ccx. 1714–18, defeated 316:115. The majority contained 188 Conservatives, 42 Irish Liberals, and only 67 non-official Liberals; Parry, , Democracy and Religion, 337.Google Scholar

⁵⁵² He complained about the government's failure to unreservedly support his bill to abolish religious tests in Trinity College Dublin; H ccx. 1813–22. Bill withdrawn. Ministers had wanted to divide the bill, accepting the abolition of tests, but opposing the clauses relating to the government of Trinity College Dublin, and they had threatened to make the issue one of confidence; Parry, , Democracy and Religion, 344–8.Google Scholar

⁵⁵³ 148:70.

⁵⁵⁴ He was blind.

⁵⁵⁵ 2nd reading of the Women's Disabilities Removal bill defeated, 222:143.

⁵⁵⁶ Both opposing the bill; H ccxi. 66–8, 34–7.

⁵⁵⁷ Amendment to the Scottish Education bill, for retaining the existing system of religious instruction in publicly funded schools; H ccxi. 288–302, carried 216:209. For the government's mishandling of the debate and division, see G.H.D., 7 05 1872.Google Scholar

⁵⁵⁸ The Scottish Education bill (Royal assent, 6 Aug.) was a blow to the National Education League's campaign for non-denominational education; G.I.T. Machin, Politics and the Churches in Great Britain, 1869–1921 (Oxford, 1987), 51.

⁵⁵⁹ 52:47 against the government chief whip's motion. Glyn complained to Gladstone that ‘It was a most unfair proceeding on the part of the Radicals’, who had forced a division which Bouverie had not intended; 8 May [1872], B.L. Add MSS 44348 fo. 166.

⁵⁶⁰ Sir F. Heygate's motion was defeated, 369:15; the bill was later withdrawn.

⁵⁶¹ The Times, 9 05 1872, 9.Google Scholar

⁵⁶² The Parliamentary and Municipal Elections bill, in committee.

⁵⁶³ 349:82 against the amendment; H ccxi. 511–12.

⁵⁶⁴ 253:177 for retaining clause 1.

⁵⁶⁵ H ccxi. 550, for Forster's plan of variable closing times according to the time of year.

⁵⁶⁶ 183:168 against the amendment, H ccxi. 557–8, which was contrary to the principle of secret voting, and probably merely intended as a delaying tactic.

⁵⁶⁷ See The Times, 13 05 1872, 8.Google Scholar

⁵⁶⁸ The under-secretary.

⁵⁶⁹ The Foreign Secretary was listening to Gladstone's account of the fact that the supplemental article to the treaty of Washington, whereby the U.S. was to drop her ‘indirect claims’ for damages in return for a pledge that Britain would not make such claims in any analagous case in future, had been referred to the U.S. Senate for approval; H ccxi. 654–63.

⁵⁷⁰ The House having adjourned for Whitsun on 13 May.

⁵⁷¹ Defeating the bill, which had originated in the House of Lords, by 172:153 on the 2nd reading.

⁵⁷² It now appeared that the U.S. government would not agree to the supplemental article; Granville to Gladstone, 29 May 1872, in Ramm, Agatha (ed), The Political Correspondence of Mr. Gladstone and Lord Granville, 1868–1876 (Royal Historical Society, Camden Third Series, LXXXI–II, 1952), ii. 328–9.Google Scholar

⁵⁷³ The Public Health bill did finally receive the Royal assent on 10 Aug.

⁵⁷⁴ Government chief whip.

⁵⁷⁵ P.P. 1859 (2), xvii. 7, 9.

⁵⁷⁶ Not reported in The Times. Trelawny shortly afterwards resigned his interest in this subject to another Cornish member, Pendarves Vivian.

⁵⁷⁷ See below, 12 June.

⁵⁷⁸ On local taxation; see above, 16 Apr.

⁵⁷⁹ See above, 15 Mar. 1870.

⁵⁸⁰ Henry Lopes.

⁵⁸¹ The Mines Dues bill received its 2nd reading on 14 June, but was later withdrawn. See The Times, 12 06 1872, 9Google Scholar, for the meeting of the Cornwall mines assessment committee at Truro. It was noted that in the recent case of ‘Guest v. the overseers of the Parish of East Deane’, in the court of Queen's Bench, the ruling had been that the mine surface (buildings, machinery etc) were liable to rates. If mineral dues were also to be liable, therefore, the result would be double rating.

⁵⁸² The previous day, Gladstone had stated mat there was no agreement on the supplemental article; H ccxi. 1589–90.

⁵⁸³ Moving the rejection of the 2nd reading in the upper House, on 10 June; H ccxi. 1427–37.

⁵⁸⁴ On the Scottish Education bill, designed to protect the rights of denominational schools to public funding; H ccxi. 1744. Carried by 203:109.

⁵⁸⁵ Following the Galway by-election. The Home Rule candidate, Captain Nolan, had won the election, but he was unseated on the grounds that the Roman Catholic clergy had intimidated voters, and the seat awarded to Trench instead. Hoppen, K.T., Elections, Politics and Society in Ireland, 1832–1885, (Oxford, 1984), 158.Google Scholar

⁵⁸⁶ Passing a number of amendments during the committee stage; Kinzer, , Ballot Question, 213–30.Google Scholar

⁵⁸⁷ Helping to defeat the 2nd reading of the Imprisonment for Debt abolition bill, by 136:34.

⁵⁸⁸ Government chief whip.

⁵⁸⁹ On Newdegate's motion fixing a date for his Monastic and Conventual Institutions bill; H ccxi. 2030. He was defeated.

⁵⁹⁰ On the parliamentary count-outs; H ccxi. 1992.

⁵⁹¹ His famous speech to the Conservative National Union; The Times, 25 06 1872, 7.Google Scholar

⁵⁹² See above, 12 June.

⁵⁹³ The Real Estates Titles bill.

⁵⁹⁴ Helping to defeat the and reading, 177:116.

⁵⁹⁵ H ccxii. 293–8, for Gladstone's statement. The U.S. had accepted the Geneva arbitrators decision to rule out the indirect claims.

⁵⁹⁶ Cf. Gladstone's Cabinet note, 26 June 1872; G.D. viii. 170.

⁵⁹⁷ Spencer of course opposed State intervention in this area. He had been a friend of Trelawny's for some years: see Spencer, 's An Autobiography (1904), ii. 19, 40Google Scholar. In 1860, Trelawny had been a subscriber to Spencer's proposed ‘Synthetic Philosophy’; ibid, appendix A.

⁵⁹⁸ Respectively: H ccxii. 347, defeated 302:234; H ccxii. 369, carried 382:137; Lords' amendment against use of school rooms, H ccxii. 375, defeated 365:86; H ccxii. 378–9, defeated 227:190 although Forster was favourable.

⁵⁹⁹ See below, 9 June 1873.

⁶⁰⁰ Presumably on Elliot's amendment, H ccxii. 508–9, which was defeated by 298:20.

⁶⁰¹ Royal assent, 10 Aug.

⁶⁰² Motion for a Royal Commission on Anglican property; H ccxii. 527–40, defeated 295:94.

⁶⁰³ 184:17 against 2nd reading of the Commons Protection bill.

⁶⁰⁴ Introduced by Hugh Birley.

⁶⁰⁵ Fowler was absent owing to the death of his wife.

⁶⁰⁶ They had ceased to press their amendments. Gladstone's Cabinet note of 6 July shows that the government had been prepared for an autumn session, and if necessary a dissolution, if the bill was rejected; G.D. viii. 174.

⁶⁰⁷ Gladstone's Cabinet note of 6 July, ibid, states: ‘Regret we cannot give time’.

⁶⁰⁸ That any redistribution of seats must give equal power to all voters; H ccxii. 905–12

⁶⁰⁹ Gladstone's Cabinet note of 29 June shows that they had discussed dropping the abolition bill; G.D. viii. 171–2.

⁶¹⁰ 2nd Reading agreed. The bill had originated in the House of Lords. For the way it had been hurriedly put together, see K.J., 20 Apr. 1872.

⁶¹¹ Osborne questioning whether Hicks Beach's speech was relevant; H ccxii. 1379–83.

⁶¹² H ccxii. 1522–32, to cut the army vote by £3,648. Defeated, 140:74.

⁶¹³ See above, 13–14 Feb.

⁶¹⁴ Osborne Morgan's amendment forbidding sales to children under 14; H ccxii. 1679, defeated 129:60.

⁶¹⁵ Opposing Charles Gilpin's Capital Punishment abolition bill, which lost its 2nd reading, 167:54.

⁶¹⁶ It received the Royal assent on 10 Aug.

⁶¹⁷ Moving and seconding the Address.

⁶¹⁸ His wife had died in Dec. 1872.

⁶¹⁹ P.P. 1873, iv. 233.

⁶²⁰ Trelawny was again ill, and his attendance was intermittent until Easter. Gout, affecting his fingers, made writing-up the diary difficult.

⁶²¹ The new rules under the Royal Parks Regulation act were laid on the table.

⁶²² Lowe's resolution, H ccxiv. 244–5, carried 148:78; see above, 26 Feb. 1872.

⁶²³ Gladstone's bill proposed to create a new Dublin University, embracing Trinity College and the Queen's Colleges of Belfast and Cork, with an undenominational governing body and a purely secular curriculum (theology, philosophy and modern history were thus excluded). Roman Catholic and Presbyterian colleges were to be allowed to affiliate, but would not receive any State endowment. The bill was condemned by the Roman Catholic bishops, who wanted a State-endowed University under their control; Parry, J.P., Democracy and Religan: Gladstone and the Liberal Party, 1867–1875 (Cambridge, 1986), 353–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁶²⁴ i.e. the Supreme Court of Judicature bill; P.P. 1873, v. 443.

⁶²⁵ That it was excessive; H ccxiv. 602–21.

⁶²⁶ Government chief whip.

⁶²⁷ No specific reference to this in Gladstone's Cabinet note of 1 Mar.; G.D. viii. 293–4.

⁶²⁸ Condemning the government's failure to name the 28 members of the proposed new governing council; H ccxiv. 1194–1202.

⁶²⁹ On the 2nd reading of the Irish University bill, Bourke's amendment (from 3 Mar.) having been negatived. 38 Irish Liberals either voted or paired against the bill, 10 British Liberals opposed it and 9 abstained; Parry, , Democracy and Religion, 365.Google Scholar

⁶³⁰ For the proceedings leading to the reinstatement of Gladstone's ministry, see Morley, John, The Life of William Ewart Gladstone (1903), ii. 340–7.Google Scholar

⁶³¹ Arguing that the 6th article of the treaty of Washington unduly enlarged the rights of belligerant powers against neutrals; H ccxiv. 1963–84, withdrawn.

⁶³² Sir John Coleridge.

⁶³³ It had emerged that Frank Scudamore, assistant secretary of the Post Office, had applied nearly £1 million to the extension of the telegraphic service taken from Post Office receipts and Savings Banks deposits (which ought to have been paid into the consolidated fund and to the National Debt commissioners respectively). Scudamore had been improperly allowed direct communications with the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Lowe, by-passing the Postmaster-General, Monsell. Winter, James, Robert Lowe (Toronto, 1976), 285–7.Google Scholar

⁶³⁴ For the 2nd reading, Disraeli having moved the rejection of Osborne Morgan's annual bill. The High-Churchman, Gathorne Hardy, lamented that ‘the desertion of Irish and Scotch on our side enhanced the majority. I begin to doubt those allies when Church questions are at issue’; G.H.D., 27 Mar. 1873.

⁶³⁵ Fawcett had sought to fix a date for the 2nd reading of his bill to abolish religious tests in Trinity College, Dublin, but an Irish member, Philip Callan, objected on the grounds that the bill had been altered since its ist reading, Fawcett offered to withdraw the bill and introduce it again for a ist reading, but Gladstone questioned whether this could be done when the ist reading of the original bill had been unopposed; H ccxv. 307–8. The 1st reading was given.

⁶³⁶ Lowe proposed to pay the £3.2 millions indemnity to the United States, resulting from the Geneva arbitration on the ‘Alabama’ question, half from current revenue and half from government borrowing. (Gladstone himself had wanted to pay the whole amount from current revenue; K.J., 5 Apr. 1873.) With the economy buoyant, Lowe was still able to reduce the income tax by 1d. to 3d. in the £, and to halve the duty on sugar; H ccxv. 654–70.

⁶³⁷ The House had resumed after adjourning for Easter on the 7th.

⁶³⁸ 2nd reading agreed; Royal assent 26 May.

⁶³⁹ H ccxv. 801–9, seeking to limit the compensation given for Oxbridge Fellowships that might be abolished; defeated 107:81.

⁶⁴⁰ Trelawny was acting here in the interests of his constituents; but see below, 15 July.

⁶⁴¹ That before considering indirect taxes the government should make known its views regarding the maintenance and adjustment of direct taxes; H ccxv. 1030–41.

⁶⁴² His annual bill to extend household suffrage to women was defeated, 222:155.

⁶⁴³ P.P. 1871, xix. 515.

⁶⁴⁴ Continued from 28 Apr.

⁶⁴⁵ Government chief whip.

⁶⁴⁶ Which it did; no division. Many Conservatives had apparently not wanted Smith's motion to be brought on at all; G.H.D., 2 May 1873.

⁶⁴⁷ i.e. to the select committee, continued from the previous session.

⁶⁴⁸ Arch was President of the National Agricultural Labourers union. He became a Liberal M.P. in 1885.

⁶⁴⁹ The Rating (Liability and Value), Valuation and Consolidated Rate bills. The first was rejected by the House of Lords, the others withdrawn.

⁶⁵⁰ 268 opposed the motion to ‘redress inequalities’ in the distribution of electoral power; H ccxv. 1561–70.

⁶⁵¹ 2nd reading of the Permissive Prohibitory bill.

⁶⁵² Legislation passed in 1846 and 1851 forbidding the manufacture or sale of intoxicating liquor in the State of Maine; later adopted by several other American States.

⁶⁵³ Church disestablishment.

⁶⁵⁴ Within weeks Chelsea succeeded his father as Earl Cadogan, prompting another by-election at Bath in which the temperance question was again prominent; Hamer, D.A., The Politics of Electoral Pressure (Brighton, 1977), 184–6.Google Scholar

⁶⁵⁵ See above, 16 Apr. 1872.

⁶⁵⁶ Opposing the and reading of the bill to allow non-anglican laymen to preach, which was defeated 199:53; H ccxv. 1973–9.

⁶⁵⁷ 159:131 for Harrington's morion for a select committee to inquire into the dismissal of the Revd. Robert O'Keefe, manager of the Callan national schools, by the Irish education commissioners; H ccxv. 2023. See Parry, Democracy and Religion, 350–1, 370–1; only 99 backbench Liberals supported the government, and 17 voted against it.

⁶⁵⁸ The Irish Chief Secretary was a devotee of horse racing.

⁶⁵⁹ H ccxvi. 16–37.

⁶⁶⁰ Against Miall's resolution.

⁶⁶¹ See above, 14 Feb. 1872.

⁶⁶² 2nd reading defeated, 251:128.

⁶⁶³ Harcourt's amendments to add Playfair and Cross to the committee, carried 200:182 and 205:165; H ccxvi. 319–21, 330. One Cabinet minister described Harcourt's conduct as ‘a piece of sheer mischief – he was supported by Dizzy & all the opposition, & by some 14 Scotch & ultra Protestants on our side. Harrington made a speech wh. really gave the thing up. Gladstone lost his temper & walked out after the first division … The whole animus towards the Comm[issione]rs & the Catholics of Ireland was very bad.’ Chichester Fortescue's diary, 22 May 1873, B.L. Add MSS 63682.

⁶⁶⁴ Forster and Stansfeld supported Fowler, Cardwell, Fortescue, Goschen and Harrington opposed.

⁶⁶⁵ The House adjourned for Whitsun on 27 May, resuming on 5 June.

⁶⁶⁶ His motion for an amendment of the law affecting trades unions followed the conviction of members of the gas stokers union for intimidation; H ccxvi. 572–88. No division.

⁶⁶⁷ P.P. 1873, liv. 749, a list of the salaried and unsalaried prison chaplains in the U.K. in 1872, recording their religious affiliations.

⁶⁶⁸ Sir John Hay's motion for a select committee regarding the system of navy promotions and retirement; H ccxvi. 751–71.

⁶⁶⁹ Government chief whip.

⁶⁷⁰ It was rejected by the House of Lords.

⁶⁷¹ The debate on the Factory acts amendment bill being adjourned under the quarter to six rule.

⁶⁷² He was made a judge in 1876.

⁶⁷³ 1st reading of the Elementary Education act (1870) amendment bill, transferring from School Boards to Poor Law guardians the decision whether to pay the school fees of pauper children attending denominational schools, introducing the secret ballot for School Board elections, and enforcing compulsory attendance for pauper children under the age of 13. The first provision was later dropped; Parry, , Democracy and Religion, 378–80.Google Scholar

⁶⁷⁴ He spoke in this sense on 23 Apr. 1847; H xci. 1284–5.

⁶⁷⁵ 4 Apr. 1851; H cxv. 1075–6.

⁶⁷⁶ His amendment called for the inclusion of income from personal as well as real property; H ccxvi. 912–16, withdrawn.

⁶⁷⁷ The Treasury was alleged to have awarded the mail contract for the Zanzibar-Cape Colony route to the Union Steamship Company on unduly generous terms, and without following normal procedures; Winter, Robert Lowe, 288–91. In the House of Commons, Bouverie pointed out that when the contract was laid on the table, the government had omitted to provide the required Treasury minute justifying the contract. It was therefore necessary for the government to delay moving for the confirmation of the contract; H ccxvi. 1000–01.

⁶⁷⁸ See above, 21 Mar.

⁶⁷⁹ See H ccxvi. 1065–8.

⁶⁸⁰ Trelawny himself was part-owner of the dues on a lead mine on his Cornish estate; T.D., 9.

⁶⁸¹ Fawcett's Parliamentary Elections (Expenses) bill lost its and reading, 205:91.

⁶⁸² See above, 16 June.

⁶⁸³ Government chief whip.

⁶⁸⁴ C.J. cxxviii. 202–3.

⁶⁸⁵ Anderson moved to reduce item 8 in the army estimates by £900, i.e. the £600 for a new assistant secretary and the £300 for the increased salary of a military secretary to the commander-in-chief. Cardwell agreed to omit the £300 portion; H ccxvi. 1287–97.

⁶⁸⁶ 2nd reading carried 117:15; Royal assent 21 July. See K.J., 24, note 3.

⁶⁸⁷ In answer to a question from Pakington, H ccxvi. 1413–15, referring to the letter in The Times, 24 06 1873, 12Google Scholar, showing that the number of under-sized recruits had been concealed.

⁶⁸⁸ It was noticed in The Times, 11 07 1873, 4.Google Scholar

⁶⁸⁹ Since the passing of the Army Regulation act of 1871, control of the militia had been transferred to the Crown.

⁶⁹⁰ The diarist's brother.

⁶⁹¹ Criticising aspects of the Judicature bill, on the motion to go into committee; H ccxvi. 1569–79.

⁶⁹² The Lord Chancellor's bill had been amended in the Commons so that the proposed new court of appeal, rather than the House of Lords, would deal with cases from Scotland and Ireland, as well as from England and Wales; H ccxvi. 1561–6, for Gladstone's statement.

⁶⁹³ On the game laws.

⁶⁹⁴ Of Persia, on a State visit.

⁶⁹⁵ Black Rod.

⁶⁹⁶ 218:142 against the adjournment during the 2nd reading debate on the Turnpike acts continuance bill.

⁶⁹⁷ 2nd reading of the Monastic and Conventual Institutions bill.

⁶⁹⁸ See above, 23–24 June.

⁶⁹⁹ In fact, the amendment seems to have been a High Church maneouvre designed to protect ritualist clergy from persecution by the bishops, but the bill was altered again by the House of Lords; Machin, G.I.T., Politics and the Churches in Great Britain, 1869–1921 (Oxford, 1987), 59–60.Google Scholar

⁷⁰⁰ 130:117; H ccxvi. 1805–10.

⁷⁰¹ It advocated the ending of protection for rabbits, the assimilation of English and Scottish law, and the creation of an arbitration procedure for landlords and tenants; P.P. 1873, xiii. 1.

⁷⁰² See Gladstone's Cabinet note, 5 July 1873; G.D. viii. 351 and note 9.

⁷⁰³ On 8 July, Richard's motion for a general and permanent system of international arbitration was carried by 98:88; H ccxvii. 52–73. Trelawny was absent, as were 13 members of the government; The Times, 10 07 1873, 11.Google Scholar

⁷⁰⁴ In the House of Lords on 8 July; H ccxvii. 10–24.

⁷⁰⁵ His motion for a select committee was withdrawn following assurances from Gladstone that the position of O'Keefe, the dismissed manager of an Irish National school (see above, 15 May), would be reviewed; H ccxvii. 210–13.

⁷⁰⁶ First Lord of the Admiralty.

⁷⁰⁷ T.D., 9 May 1861.

⁷⁰⁸ Trelawny's interest in this matter may well have stemmed from the fact that he was also a keen yachtsman.

⁷⁰⁹ Which received the Royal assent on 5 Aug.

⁷¹⁰ Former Conservative chief whip, and still involved in managing the party's Irish affairs.

⁷¹¹ See below, 24 July.

⁷¹² i.e. the misappropriation of Post Office funds; see below, 29 July.

⁷¹³ After a long delay, troops were sent out in Nov. to confront the king of Ashanti; K.J., xviii–ix.

⁷¹⁴ Gladstone had asked Forster to state that, while the government had no view on the question, it was one which he considered to be ‘just and politic in itself, and which cannot long be avoided’; H ccxvii. 841–2.

⁷¹⁵ On the Endowed Schools act (1869) amendment bill; Royal assent 5 Aug.

⁷¹⁶ P.P. 1873, ix. 243, recommending that the contract be re-negotiated.

⁷¹⁷ During the 3rd reading debate on the Education Act (1870) amendment bill; Royal assent, 5 Aug.

⁷¹⁸ H ccxvii. 1123–4 and 1127–8, for Ayrton's comments, in committee of supply, regarding the project for the further embankment of the Thames, on which he had not been consulted by the Treasury, and the £8,500 vote for building work in the Palace of Westminster.

⁷¹⁹ The resolution by the Conservative, Cross, disapproved of the irregularities in the Post Office (see above, 21 Mar.) and the inadequacy of Treasury control; H ccxvii. 1189–1202. The Liberal, Lubbock's, amendment regretted what had happened and called on the government to ensure that there was no recurrence; H ccxvii. 1205–10. Cross's resolution was defeated, 161:111, and Lubbock's amendment agreed.

⁷²⁰ A major ministerial ‘reshuffle’ took place during the summer and autumn: e.g. Lowe was moved to the Home Office, replacing Bruce who went to the House of Lords as Lord President of the Council; Ayrton became Judge-Advocate-General; Monsell was retired, along with Childers and Ripon; John Bright re-entered the Cabinet as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and the backbench critics, Harcourt, James and Playfair, were all given office.

⁷²¹ During the debate on the Appropriation bill; H ccxvii. 1358–85.

⁷²² Gladstone had attacked Duke's conduct in opposing the £10,000 annuity for the Queen's son; H ccxvii. 1441–3.

⁷²³ When the Conservative opposition succeeded in reducing Prince Albert's annuity to £30,000.

⁷²⁴ Trelawny's last entry: parliament was dissolved in Jan. 1874, and he did not seek re-election.