Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T19:05:45.107Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of dormancy-breaking chemicals on ABA levels in barley grain embryos

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2008

Mei Wang ,
René M. van der Meulen ,
Karin Visser ,
Henk-Peter Van Schaik ,
Bert Van Duijn  and
Albertus H. de Boer
Mei Wang*
Affiliation:
Center for Phytotechnology RUL/TNO, TNO Department of Plant Biotechnology, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, Netherlands
René M. van der Meulen
Affiliation:
Center for Phytotechnology RUL/TNO, TNO Department of Plant Biotechnology, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, Netherlands
Karin Visser
Affiliation:
Center for Phytotechnology RUL/TNO, TNO Department of Plant Biotechnology, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, Netherlands
Henk-Peter Van Schaik
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Molecular Biological Sciences, BioCentrum, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
Bert Van Duijn
Affiliation:
Center for Phytotechnology RUL/TNO, TNO Department of Plant Biotechnology, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, Netherlands
Albertus H. de Boer
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute for Molecular Biological Sciences, BioCentrum, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
*
*Correspondence 31–71–5274863wang@rulbim.leidenuniv.nl
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The endogenous ABA contents of dormant and nondormant barley grains were determined following application of different compounds to break dormancy. The chemicals used for breaking of dormancy in intact dormant grains were weak and strong acids, alcohols, hydrogen peroxide, cyanide, nitrate, salicylic acid, gibberellic acid and fusicoccin. The dormancy-breaking compounds could be classified into two major groups: compounds that caused a decrease in endogenous ABA (class I) and compounds which did not affect endogenous ABA (class II). Class I compounds included gibberellic acid, ethanol, hydrogen peroxide, nitrate, salicylic acid; class II compounds were fusicoccin, acid (H2SO4), sodium azide, n-caproic acid. In addition, these dormancy-breaking compounds were able to stimulate the germination rate when applied to embryos isolated from dormant grains. The concentrations necessary for stimulation of germination of isolated embryos were much lower than the concentrations for breaking the dormancy of intact grains. After embryos were isolated from dormant grains and incubated in water, ABA was determined in both embryos and in the incubation media. The class I compounds stated above also reduced ABA content in the incubation medium of isolated embryos, while class II compounds had no effect on ABA content of the medium. External application of ABA could overcome the effect of dormancy-breaking compounds of class I but not of class II. The results suggest that in the presence of the agents belonging to class II, ABA responsiveness of isolated embryos from dormant grains is decreased, compared to nontreated embryos.

Keywords

ABAgerminationdormancy breakingHordeum distichum
Type
Research Papers
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 8 , Issue 2 , June 1998 , pp. 129 - 137
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adkins, S W, Simpson, G M and Naylor, J M (1984a) The physiological basis of seed dormancy in Avena fatua IV. Alternative respiration and nitrogenous compounds. Physiologia Plantarum 60, 234–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adkins, S W, Simpson, G M and Naylor, J M (1984b) The physiological basis of seed dormancy in Avena fatua III. Action of nitrogenous compounds. Physiologia Plantarum 60, 227–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adkins, S W, Naylor, J M and Simpson, G M (1984c) The physiological basis of seed dormancy in Avena fatua V. Action of ethanol and other organic compounds. Physiologia Plantarum 62, 18–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Auh, C K and Murphy, T M (1995) Plasma membrane redox enzyme is involved in the synthesis of O2- and H2O2 by Phytophthora elicitor-stimulated rose cells. Plant Physiology 107, 1241–1247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belefant, H and Fong, F (1989) Abscisic acid ELISA:organic acid interference. Plant Physiology 91, 1467–1470.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bewley, J D (1979) Dormancy-breaking by hormones and other chemicals — Action at the molecular level. pp 219–239in Rubenstein, I, Phillips, R L, Green, C E, Gengenbach, B E (Eds) The plant seed development, preservation, and germination. New York, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Black, M (1983) Abscisic acid in seed germination and dormancy. pp 337–363in Addicott, F T (Ed.) Abscisic acid. New York, Preager Publishers.Google Scholar
Brooks, C A and Mitchell, C A (1988) Effect of salicylhydroxamic acid on endosperm strength and embryo growth of Lactuca sativa L. cv. Waldmann's Green seeds. Plant Physiology 86, 826–829.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohn, M A, Chiles, L A, Hughes, J A and Boullion, K J (1987) Seed dormancy in red rice. VI. Monocarboxylic acids: a new class of pH-dependent germination stimulants. Plant Physiology 84, 716–719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohn, M A, Jones, K, Chiles, L A and Church, D F (1989) Seed dormancy in red rice. VII. Structure-activity studies of germination stimulants. Plant Physiology 89, 879–882.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fauth, M, Merten, A, Hahn, M G, Jeblick, W and Kauss, H (1996) Competence for elicitation of H2O2 in hypocotyls of cucumber is induced by breaking the cuticle and is enhanced by salicylic acid. Plant Physiology 110, 347–354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fontaine, O, Huault, C, Pavis, N and Billard, J P (1994) Dormancy breakage of Hordeum vulgare seeds: effects of hydrogen peroxide and scarification on glutathione level and glutathione reductase activity. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 32, 677–683.Google Scholar
French, R C and Leather, G R (1979) Screening of nonanal and related volatile flavour compounds on the germination of 18 species of weed seed. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 27, 828–832.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gáspár, S, Fazekas, J and Pethö, A (1975) Effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) and prechilling on breaking dormancy in cereals. Seed Science and Technology 19, 555–563.Google Scholar
Galli, M G, Sparvoli, E and Cario, M (1975) Comparative effects of fusicoccin and gibberellic acid on the promotion of germination and DNA synthesis initiation in Haplopappus gracilis. Plant Science Letters 5, 351–357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobsen, J V and Beach, L R (1985) Control of transcription of α-amylase and r-RNA genes in barley aleurone protoplasts by gibberellin and abscisic acid. Nature 316, 275–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karssen, C M, Haigh, A, Van der Toorn, P and Weges, R (1989) Physiological mechanism involved in seed priming. pp 269–280in Taylorson, R B (Ed.) Recent advances in the development and germination of seeds. NATO ASI Series, Vol. 187. New York, Plenum.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lado, P, Pasi-Caldogno, F and Colombo, R (1974) Promoting effect of fusicoccin on seed germination. Physiologia Plantarum 31, 149–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mehdy, M C (1994) Active oxygen species in plant defence against pathogens. Plant Physiology 105, 467–472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metzger, J D (1983) Role of endogenous plant growth regulators in seed dormancy of Avena fatua. Plant Physiology 73, 791–795.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neill, S J and Horgan, R (1987) Abscisic acid and related compounds. pp 111–167in Rivier, L, Crozier, A (Eds) The principles and practice of plant hormone analysis. London, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Roberts, E H and Smith, R D (1977) Dormancy and the pentose phosphate pathway. pp 385–411in Khan, A A (Ed.) The physiology and biochemistry of seed dormancy and germination. Amsterdam, Elsevier.Google Scholar
Robertson, M, Walker-Simmons, M, Munro, D and Hill, R D (1989) Induction of α-amylase inhibitor synthesis in barley embryos and young seedlings by abscisic acid and dehydration stress. Plant Physiology 91, 415–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schuurink, R C, Van Beckum, J M M and Heidekamp, F (1992a) Modulation of grain dormancy in barley by variation of plant growth conditions. Hereditas 117, 137–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schuurink, R C, Sedee, N J A and Wang, M (1992b) Dormancy of the barley grain is correlated with gibberellic acid responsiveness of the isolated aleurone layer. Plant Physiology 100, 1834–1839.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sinjorgo, K M C, de Vries, M A, Heistek, J C, van Zeijl, M J, van der Veen, S W and Douma, A C (1993) The effect of external pH on the gibberellic acid response of barley aleurone. Journal of Plant Physiology 142, 506–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skriver, K, Olsen, F L, Rogers, J C and Mundy, J (1991) Cis-acting DNA elements responsive to gibberellin and its antagonist abscisic acid. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 88, 7270–7288.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taylorson, R B (1988) Anaesthetic enhancement of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. seed germination: possible membrane involvement. Journal of Experimental Botany 39, 50–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Beckum, J M M, Libbenga, K R and Wang, M (1993) Abscisic acid and gibberellic acid-regulated responses of embryos and aleurone layers isolated from dormant and nondormant barley grains. Physiologia Plantarum 89, 483–489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Visser, K, Vissers, A P A, Çağirgan, M I, Kijne, J W and Wang, M (1996) Rapid germination of a barley mutant is correlated with a rapid turnover of abscisic acid outside the embryo. Plant Physiology 111, 1127–1133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walker-Simmons, M (1987) ABA levels and sensitivity in developing wheat embryos of sprouting resistant and susceptible cultivars. Plant Physiology 84, 61–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walker-Simmons, M and Sessing, J (1990) Temperature effects on embryonic abscisic acid levels during development of wheat grain dormancy. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 9, 51–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, M (1996) The role of abscisic acid in the regulation of barley grain germination. Seed Science and Technology 25, 67–74.Google Scholar
Wang, M, Bakhuizen, R, Heimovaara-Dijkstra, S, Zeijl, M J, De Vries, M A, Van Beckum, J M and Sinjorgo, K M C (1994) The role of ABA and GA in barley grain dormancy: A comparative study between embryo dormancy and aleurone dormancy. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 41, 577–584.Google Scholar
Wang, M, Heimovaara-Dijkstra, S and Van Duijn, B (1995) Modulation of germination of embryos isolated from dormant and nondormant barley grains by manipulation of endogenous abscisic acid levels. Planta 195, 586–592.CrossRefGoogle Scholar