Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T15:03:50.907Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Manipulating dormancy of capeweed (Arctotheca calendula L.) seed

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2008

Ali Tadayyon Chaharsoghi  and
Brent Jacobs
Ali Tadayyon Chaharsoghi
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Brent Jacobs*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
*
*Correspondence +61–2–692–4172jacobsb@agric.usyd.edu.au
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) seeds were found to be dormant at harvest. Effects of duration and temperature of storage under ‘laboratory’ and ‘natural’ conditions, growth regulators, stratification and age of seeds, were studied on the germination of dormant seeds. Three factors imposed on seeds were found to promote germination of capeweed: (i) allowing seed to age, either in storage, buried in soil or during stratification (germination of 18-month-old seeds was up to 60% higher than that of fresh seeds); (ii) the presence of light (the average germination percentage of seeds exposed to light during storage was 3.2-fold greater than that of seed stored in the dark); and (iii) the application of growth regulators, particularly gibberellic acid, enhanced by scarification (GA3 and ethephon promoted germination by up to 58% when applied to scarified seeds). Other factors, e.g. temperature and depth of storage, influenced germination but were less critical to its success. These results provide a preliminary assessment of the importance of these factors in controlling dormancy in seeds of capeweed.

Keywords

after-ripeningArctotheca calendula L.burialdormancy, ethephongibberellic acidgerminationstratificationtemperaturethiourea
Type
Research Papers
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 8 , Issue 2 , June 1998 , pp. 139 - 146
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baskin, J M and Baskin, C C (1981) Seasonal changes in the germination response of buried Lamium amplexicaule seeds. Weed Research 21, 299–306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Best, K F and Mclntire, G I (1975) The biology of canadian weeds. 9. Thlaspe arvense L. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 55, 279–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouwmeester, H J and Karssen, C M (1989) Environmental factors influencing the expression of dormancy patterns in weed seeds. Annals of Botany 63, 113–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burnside, O C, Fenster, C R, Evetts, L L and Mumm, R F (1981) Germination of exhumed weed seed in Nebraska. Weed Science 29, 577–586.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, J H and Bruns, V F (1975) Longevity of barnyardgrass, green foxtail, and yellow foxtail seed in soil. Weed Science 23, 437–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Egley, G H (1986) Stimulation of weed seed germination in soil. Review of Weed Science 2, 67–89.Google Scholar
Etejere, E O and Ajibola, I O (1990) Studies on seed germination and dormancy of itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinesis). Weed Abstracts 1991 40, 1129.Google Scholar
Fellows, G M, Fay, P K and Foley, M E (1985) The characteristics of secondary dormant wild oats (Avena fatua L.) seed. Weed Abstracts 1986 35, 2861.Google Scholar
Gutterman, Y (1982) Phenotypic maternal effect of photoperiod on seed germination. pp 76–79in Khan, A. A. (Ed.) The Physiology and Biochemistry of Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination. Amsterdam, Elsevier.Google Scholar
Hall, M A, Cantrell, I C, Jones, J F and Olatoye, S T (1978) Seed dormancy in relation to weed control. pp 997–1003in Proceedings of the 1978 British Crop Protection Conference – Weeds, Vol. 3.Google Scholar
Hallett, M L (1971) The ecology of capeweed – factors affecting establishment. M.Agric.Sci. thesis, University of Melbourne.Google Scholar
Harper, J L (1977). Population biology of plants. London, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Harrington, J F (1960) Germination of seeds from carrot, lettuce and pepper plants grown under severe nutrient deficiencies. Hilgardia 30, 219–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayes, R G and Klein, W H (1974) Spectral quality influence of light during development of Arabidopsis thaliana plants in regulating seed germination. Plant and Cell Physiology 15, 643–653.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsiao, A I and Quick, W A (1985) Wild oats (Avana fatua L.) seed dormancy as influenced by sodium hypochloride, moist storage and gibberellin A3. Weed Research 25, 281–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karssen, C M, Derkx, M P M and Post, B J (1988) Study of seasonal variation in dormancy of Spergula arvensis L. seeds in a condensed annual temperature cycle. Weed Research 28, 449–457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lemerle, D, Yuan, T H, Murray, G M and Morris, S (1996) Survey of weeds and diseases in cereal crops in the southern wheat belt of New South Wales. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, 545–554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, J (1973) Longevity of crop and weed seed: survival after 20 years in the soil. Weed Research 13, 179–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radosevich, S.R and Holt, J S (1984) Weed ecology: implications for vegetation management, pp 139–193. New York, Wiley.Google Scholar
Roberts, H A and Feast, P M (1972) Fate of seed of some annual weeds in different depths of cultivated and undisturbed soil. Weed Research 12, 316–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saini, H S, Bassi, P K and Spencer, M S (1985) Interaction among ethephon, nitrate, and after-ripening in the release of dormancy of wild oat (Avena fatua) seed. Weed Science 34, 43–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sawhney, R and Naylor, J M (1982) Dormancy studies in seed of Avena fatua, 13. Influence of drought stress during seed development on duration of seed dormancy. Canadian Journal of Botany 60, 1016–1020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schafer, D E and Chilcote, D O (1970) Factors influencing persistence and depletion in buried seed populations. II. The effects of soil temperature and moisture. Crop Science 10, 423–345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, J K and Way, M J (1990) A survey in South Africa for potential biological control agents against capeweed, Arctotheca calendula (L.) Levyns (Asteraceae). Plant Protection Quarterly 5, 31–34.Google Scholar
Taylorson, R B (1987) Environmental and chemical manipulation of weed seed dormancy. Review of Weed Science 3, 135–154.Google Scholar
Thompson, K and Grime, J P (1983) A comparative study of germination responses to diurnally-fluctuating temperatures. Journal of Applied Ecology 20, 141–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van der Vegte, F W (1978) Population differentiation and germination ecology in Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Oecologia (Berl.) 37, 231–245.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wareing, P F and Phillips, I D J (1985) Growth and differentiation in plants. Oxford, Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Wesson, G and Wareing, P F (1969a) The role of light in the germination of naturally occurring populations of buried weed seed. Journal of Experimental Botany 20, 403–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wesson, G and Wareing, P F (1969b) The induction of light sensitivity in weed seeds by burial. Journal of Experimental Botany 20, 414–425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woolley, J T and Stoller, E W (1978) Light penetration and light-induced seed germination in soil. Plant Physiology 61, 597–600.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed