Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T14:07:07.120Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Morphological and physiological dormancy in seeds of Aegopodium podagraria (Apiaceae) broken successively during cold stratification

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2009

Filip Vandelook ,
Nele Bolle  and
Jozef A. Van Assche
Filip Vandelook*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Plant Ecology, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 box 2435, B-3001Leuven, Belgium
Nele Bolle
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Plant Ecology, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 box 2435, B-3001Leuven, Belgium
Jozef A. Van Assche
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Plant Ecology, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 box 2435, B-3001Leuven, Belgium
*
*Correspondence Fax: +32 16 321968 Email: filip.vandelook@bio.kuleuven.be
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A low-temperature requirement for dormancy break has been observed frequently in temperate-climate Apiaceae species, resulting in spring emergence of seedlings. A series of experiments was performed to identify dormancy-breaking requirements of Aegopodium podagraria, a nitrophilous perennial growing mainly in mildly shaded places. In natural conditions, the embryos in seeds of A. podagraria grow in early winter. Seedlings were first observed in early spring and seedling emergence peaked in March and April. Experiments using temperature-controlled incubators revealed that embryos in seeds of A. podagraria grow only at low temperatures (5°C), irrespective of a pretreatment at higher temperatures. Seeds did not germinate immediately after embryo growth was completed, instead an additional cold stratification period was required to break dormancy completely. Once dormancy was broken, seeds germinated at a range of temperatures. Addition of gibberellic acid (GA3) had a positive effect on embryo growth in seeds incubated at 10°C and at 23°C, but it did not promote germination. Since seeds of A. podagraria have a low-temperature requirement for embryo growth and require an additional chilling period after completion of embryo growth, they exhibit characteristics of deep complex morphophysiological dormancy.

Keywords

Aegopodium podagrariaApiaceaechillinggerminationgibberellic acidmorphological dormancyphysiological dormancy
Type
Research Article
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 19 , Issue 2 , June 2009 , pp. 115 - 123
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baskin, C.C. and Baskin, J.M. (1988) Germination ecophysiology of herbaceous plant species in a temperate region. American Journal of Botany 75, 286–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, C.C. and Baskin, J.M. (1994) Deep complex morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of the mesic woodland herb Delphinium tricorne (Ranunculaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 155, 738–743.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, C.C. and Baskin, J.M. (1998) Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. San Diego, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Baskin, C.C., Chester, E.W. and Baskin, J.M. (1992) Deep complex morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of Thaspium pinnatifidum (Apiaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 153, 565–571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, C.C., Meyer, S.E. and Baskin, J.M. (1995) Two types of morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of two genera (Osmorhiza and Erythronium) with an Arcto-Tertiary distribution pattern. American Journal of Botany 82, 293–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, C.C., Milberg, P., Andersson, L. and Baskin, J.M. (2000) Deep complex morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of Anthriscus sylvestris (Apiaceae). Flora 195, 245–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (1989) Seed germination ecophysiology of Jeffersonia diphylla, a perennial herb of mesic deciduous forests. American Journal of Botany 76, 1073–1080.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (1990a) Seed germination ecology of poison hemlock, Conium maculatum. Canadian Journal of Botany 68, 2018–2024.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (1990b) Germination ecophysiology of seeds of the winter annual Chaerophyllum tainturieri – a new type of morphophysiological dormancy. Journal of Ecology 78, 993–1004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (1991) Nondeep complex morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of Osmorhiza claytonii (Apiaceae). American Journal of Botany 78, 588–593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (2004) A classification system for seed dormancy. Seed Science Research 14, 1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (2008) Some considerations for adoption of Nikolaeva's formula system into seed dormancy classification. Seed Science Research 18, 131–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chabot-Jacquety, Y. (1984) Développement et stratégie adaptive de l'Aegopodium podagraria L. (Ombellifères) en milieu naturel. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France – Lettres Botaniques 131, 207–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finch-Savage, W.E. and Leubner-Metzger, G. (2006) Seed dormancy and the control of germination. New Phytologist 171, 501–523.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flemion, F. and Henrickson, E.T. (1949) Further studies on the occurrence of embryoless seeds and immature embryos in the Umbelliferae. Contributions from Boyce Thompson Institute 15, 291–297.Google Scholar
Grime, J.P. (2001) Plant strategies, vegetation processes, and ecosystem properties. Chichester, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Google Scholar
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A.G., Neal, A.M. and Shaw, S. (1981) A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69, 1017–1059.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hegi, G. (1975) Illustrierte Flora von Mittel-Europa. Dicotyledons. München,  J.F. Lehmanns.Google Scholar
Hidayati, S.N., Baskin, J.M. and Baskin, C.C. (2000) Morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of two North American and one Eurasian species of Sambucus (Caprifoliaceae) with underdeveloped spatulate embryos. American Journal of Botany 87, 1669–1678.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hilhorst, H.M.W. (2007) Definitions and hypotheses of seed dormancy. pp. 50–71in Bradford, K.J.; Nonogaki, H. (Eds) Seed development, dormancy and germination. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hultén, E. and Fries, M. (1986) Atlas of North European vascular plants: north of the Tropic of Cancer I–III. Königstein, Koeltz Scientific Books.Google Scholar
Jacobsen, J.V. and Pressman, E. (1979) Structural study of germination in celery (Apium graveolens L.) seed with emphasis on endosperm breakdown. Planta 144, 241–248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Janiesch, P. (1971) Zur Physiologie der Nachreife von Umbelliferen nitrophiler Säume. Flora 160, 518–525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, A.C. (1946) The comparative internal morphology of seeds. American Midland Naturalist 36, 513–660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nikolaeva, M.G. (1977) Factors controlling the seed dormancy pattern. pp. 51–74in Khan, A.A. (Ed.) The physiology and biochemistry of seed dormancy and germination. Amsterdam, North-Holland.Google Scholar
Roberts, H.A. (1979) Periodicity of seedling emergence and seed survival in some Umbelliferae. Journal of Applied Ecology 16, 195–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stokes, P. (1952a) A physiological study of embryo development in Heracleum sphondylium L. I. The effect of temperature on embryo development. Annals of Botany 16, 441–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stokes, P. (1952b) A physiological study of embryo development in Heracleum sphondylium L. II. The effect of temperature on after-ripening. Annals of Botany 16, 571–576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stokes, P. (1953) A physiological study of embryo development in Heracleum sphondylium L. III. The effect of temperature on metabolism. Annals of Botany 17, 157–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stokes, P. (1965) Temperature and seed dormancy. pp. 746–796in Ruhland, W. (Ed.) Handbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie. Berlin, Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Vandelook, F., Bolle, N. and Van Assche, J.A. (2007a) Multiple environmental signals required for embryo growth and germination of seeds of Selinum carvifolia (L.) L. and Angelica sylvestris L. (Apiaceae). Seed Science Research 17, 283–291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vandelook, F., Bolle, N. and Van Assche, J.A. (2007b) Seed dormancy and germination of the European Chaerophyllum temulum (Apiaceae), a member of a trans-Atlantic genus. Annals of Botany 100, 233–239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vandelook, F., Bolle, N. and Van Assche, J.A. (2008) Seasonal dormancy cycles in the biennial Torilis japonica (Apiaceae), a species with morphophysiological dormancy. Seed Science Research 18, 161–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Villiers, T.A. and Wareing, P.F. (1964) Dormancy in fruits of Fraxinus excelsior L. Journal of Experimental Botany 15, 359–367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walck, J.L. and Hidayati, S.N. (2004) Germination ecophysiology of the western North American species Osmorhiza depauperata (Apiaceae): implications of preadaptation and phylogenetic niche conservatism in seed dormancy evolution. Seed Science Research 14, 387–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walck, J.L., Hidayati, S.N. and Okagami, N. (2002) Seed germination ecophysiology of the Asian species Osmorhiza aristata (Apiaceae): comparison with its North American congeners and implications for evolution of types of dormancy. American Journal of Botany 89, 829–835.CrossRefGoogle Scholar