Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T05:27:24.607Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Seed heteromorphy influences seed longevity in Aegilops

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 October 2018

Filippo Guzzon Open the ORCID record for Filippo Guzzon [Opens in a new window] ,
Simone Orsenigo ,
Maraeva Gianella ,
Jonas V. Müller ,
Ilda Vagge ,
Graziano Rossi  and
Andrea Mondoni
Filippo Guzzon*
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
Simone Orsenigo
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Maraeva Gianella
Affiliation:
Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
Jonas V. Müller
Affiliation:
Millennium Seed Bank, Conservation Science Department, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Wakehurst Place, UK
Ilda Vagge
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Graziano Rossi
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
Andrea Mondoni
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
*
Author for correspondence: Filippo Guzzon, Email: filippo.guzzon01@universitadipavia.it
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The genus Aegilops belongs to the secondary gene pool of wheat and has great importance for wheat cultivar improvement. As a genus with only annual species, regeneration from seeds in Aegilops is crucial. In several species in Aegilops, spikes produce different seed morphs, both in size and germination patterns. However, little is known about the ecology of seed germination, nor about the seed longevity in this genus. Here we investigated the germination phenology of Ae. neglecta under laboratory and field conditions and assessed longevity of different seed morphs of five additional Aegilops species using controlled ageing tests. Large seeds were short-lived and germinated faster than small seeds in most of the species. Field experiments with Ae. neglecta showed that large seeds of the dimorphic pair germinated 3 months after dispersal in contrast to 14 months for smaller seeds. Differences in longevity were detected not only in dimorphic seed pairs, but also among seeds from different positions on the spike. Our results indicate that different longevities in seed morphs of Aegilops may reflect a different soil seed bank persistence, with smaller seeds able to maintain a higher viability after dispersal than larger ones, thereby spreading seedling emergence over two years. Differences of seed germination and longevities between seed morphs in Aegilops may have important implications for ex situ seed conservation and reinforce the hypothesis of a bet-hedging strategy in the germination ecology of this genus.

Keywords

controlled ageing testcrop wild relativesgermination ecologyseed conservationseed dimorphismphenologysoil seed bank
Type
Research Paper
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 28 , Issue 4 , December 2018 , pp. 277 - 285
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bhatt, A and Santo, A (2016) Germination and recovery of heteromorphic seeds of Atriplex canescens (Amaranthaceae) under increasing salinity. Plant Ecology 217, 1069–1079.Google Scholar
Bernareggi, G, Carbognani, M, Petraglia, A and Mondoni, A (2015) Climate warming could increase seed longevity of alpine snowbed plants. Alpine Botany 125, 69–78.Google Scholar
Bilz, M, Kell, SP, Maxted, N and Lansdown, RV (2011) European Red List of Vascular Plants. Luxembourg, Publications Office of the European Union.Google Scholar
Buitink, J and Leprince, O (2008) Intracellular glasses and seed survival in the dry stat. Comptes Rendus Biologies 331, 788–795.Google Scholar
Cremonini, R, Colonna, N, Stefani, A, Galasso, I and Pignone, D (1994) Nuclear DNA content, chromatin organization and chromosome banding in brown and yellow seeds of Dasypyrum villosum (L.) Candargy. Heredity 72, 365–373.Google Scholar
Datta, SC, Evenari, M and Gutterman, Y (1970) Heteroblasty of Aegilops ovata L. Israel Journal of Botany 19, 463–483.Google Scholar
Davies, RM, Newton, RJ, Hay, FR and Probert, RJ (2016) 150-seed comparative longevity protocol – a reduced seed number screening method for identifying short-lived seed conservation collections. Seed Science and Technology 44, 1–16.Google Scholar
De Gara, L, Paciolla, C, Liso, R, Stefani, A and Arrigoni, O (1991) Correlation between ascorbate peroxidase activity and some anomalies of seedlings from aged caryopses of Dasypyrum villosum (L.) Borb. Journal of Plant Physiology 137, 697–700.Google Scholar
Dempewolf, H, Eastwood, RJ, Guarino, L, Khoury, CK, Müller, JV and Toll, J (2014) Adapting agriculture to climate change: a global initiative to collect, conserve, and use crop wild relatives. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems 38, 369–377.Google Scholar
De Pace, C, Vaccino, P, Cionini, PG, Pasquini, M, Bizzarri, M and Qualset, CR (2011) Dasypyrum, pp. 185–292 in Kole, C (ed.), Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. Cereals. Berlin Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Duràn, JM and Retamal, N (1989) Coat structure and regulation of dormancy in Sinapis arvensis L. seeds. Journal of Plant Physiology 135, 218–222.Google Scholar
Dyer, AR (2004) Maternal and sibling factors induce dormancy in dimorphic seed pairs of Aegilops triuncialis. Plant Ecology 172, 211–218.Google Scholar
Dyer, AR (2017) The seed ecology of Aegilops triuncialis: linking trait variation to growing conditions. Seed Science Research 27, 183–198.Google Scholar
El-Keblawy, A and Bhatt, A (2015) Aerial seed bank affects germination in two small-seeded halophytes in Arab Gulf desert. Journal of Arid Environments 117, 10–17.Google Scholar
Ellis, RH and Roberts, EH (1980) Improved equations for the prediction of seed longevity. Annals of Botany 45, 13–30.Google Scholar
Fandrich, L and Mallory-Smith, C (2005) Temperature effects on jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) seed germination. Weed Science 53, 594–599.Google Scholar
Fandrich, L and Mallory-Smith, C (2006) Jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) seed germination and production varies by spikelet position on the spike. Weed Science 54, 443–451.Google Scholar
Frediani, M, Colonna, N, Cremonini, R, De Pace, C, Delre, V, Caccia, C and Cionini, PG (1994) Redundancy modulation of nuclear DNA sequences in Dasypyrum villosum. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 88, 167–174.Google Scholar
Guzzon, F, Müller, JV, Abeli, T, Cauzzi, P, Ardenghi, N.M.G., Balestrazzi, A, Rossi, G and Orsenigo, S (2015) Germination requirements of nine European Aegilops species in relation to constant and alternating temperatures. Acta Botanica Gallica, Botany Letters 162, 349–354.Google Scholar
Hay, FR, Adams, J, Manger, K and Probert, RJ (2008) The use of nonsaturated lithium chloride solutions for experimental control of seed water content. Seed Science and Technology 36, 737–746.Google Scholar
Hay, FR and Probert, RJ (2013) Advances in seed conservation of wild plant species: a review of recent research. Conservation Physiology 1, cot030.Google Scholar
Hay, FR and Whitehouse, KJ (2017) Rethinking the approach to viability monitoring in seed genebanks. Conservation Physiology 5, cox009.Google Scholar
Imbert, E (2002) Ecological consequences and ontogeny of seed heteromorphism. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 5, 13–36.Google Scholar
ISTA (2018) International Rules for Seed Testing. Bassersdorf, Switzerland, International Seed Testing Association.Google Scholar
Kilian, B, Mammen, K, Millet, E, Sharma, R, Graner, A, Salamini, F, Hammer, K and Özkan, H (2011). Aegilops, pp. 1–76 in Kole, C (ed.), Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. Cereals. Berlin Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Lavie, D, Levy, EC, Cohen, A, Evenari, M and Guttermann, Y (1974) New germination inhibitor from Aegilops ovata L. Nature 249, 388.Google Scholar
Long, RL, Panetta, FD, Steadman, KJ, Probert, R, Bekker, RM, Brooks, S and Adkins, SW (2008) Seed persistence in the field may be predicted by laboratory-controlled aging. Weed Science 56, 523–528.Google Scholar
Marañon, T (1989) Variation in seed size and germination in three Aegilops species. Seed Science and Technology 17, 583–588.Google Scholar
Matilla, A, Gallardo, M and Puga-Hermida, MI (2005) Structural, physiological and molecular aspects of heterogeneity in seeds: a review. Seed Science Research 15, 63–76.Google Scholar
Maxted, N, White, K, Valkoun, J, Konopka, J and Hargreaves, S (2008) Towards a conservation strategy for Aegilops species. Plant Genetic Resources Characterization and Utilization 6, 126–141.Google Scholar
Merritt, DJ, Martyn, AJ, Ainsley, P, Young, RE, Seed, LU, Thorpe, M, Hay, FR, Commander, LE, Shackelford, N, Offord, CA, Dixon, KW and Probert, RJ (2014) A continental-scale study of seed lifespan in experimental storage examining seed, plant, and environmental traits associated with longevity. Biodiversity and Conservation 23, 1081–1104.Google Scholar
McCouch, S, Baute, GJ, Bradeen, J, Bramel, P, Bretting, PK, Buckler, E, Burke, JM, Charest, D, Cloutier, S, Cole, G, Dempewolf, H, Dingkuhn, M, Feuillet, C, Gepts, P, Grattapaglia, D, Guarino, L, Jackson, S, Knapp, S, Langridge, P, Lawton-Rauh, A, Lijua, Q, Lusty, C, Michael, T, Myles, S, Naito, K, Nelson, RL, Pontarollo, R, Richards, CM, Rieseberg, L, Ross-Ibarra, J, Rounsley, S, Hamilton, RS, Schurr, U, Stein, N, Tomooka, N, van der Knaap, E, van Tassel, D, Toll, J, Valls, J, Varshney, RK, Ward, J, Waugh, R, Wenzl, P and Zamir, D (2013) Feeding the future. Nature 499, 23–24.Google Scholar
Mondoni, A, Probert, RJ, Rossi, G, Vegini, E and Hay, FR (2011). Seeds of alpine plants are short lived: implications for long-term conservation. Annals of Botany 107, 171–179.Google Scholar
Murthy, U.M.N., Kumar, PP and Sun, WQ (2003) Mechanisms of seed ageing under different storage conditions for Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek: lipid peroxidation, sugar hydrolysis, Maillard reactions and their relationship to glass state transition. Journal of Experimental Botany 54, 1057–1067.Google Scholar
Nave, M, Avni, R, Ben-Zevi, B, Hale, I and Distelfeld, A (2016) QTLs for uniform grain dimensions and germination selected during wheat domestication are co-located on chromosome 4B. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 129, 1303–1315.Google Scholar
Newton, R, Hay, F and Probert, R (2009) Protocol for comparative seed longevity testing. Technical Information Sheet_01. London, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew.Google Scholar
Onnis, A, Bertacchi, A, Lombardi, T and Stefani, A (1995) Morphology and germination of yellow and brown caryopses of Aegilops geniculata Roth (Gramineae) populations from Italy. Plant Biosystems 129, 813–821.Google Scholar
Orsenigo, S, Guzzon, F, Abeli, T, Rossi, G, Vagge, I, Balestrazzi, A, Mondoni, A and Müller, JV (2017) Comparative germination responses to water potential across different populations of Aegilops geniculata and cultivar varieties of Triticum durum and Triticum aestivum. Plant Biology 19, 165–171.Google Scholar
Perrino, EV, Wagensommer, RP and Medagli, P (2014) Aegilops (Poaceae) in Italy: taxonomy, geographical distribution, ecology, vulnerability and conservation. Systematics and Biodiversity 12, 331–349.Google Scholar
Probert, RJ, Daws, MI and Hay, FR (2009) Ecological correlates of ex situ seed longevity: a comparative study on 195 species. Annals of Botany 104, 57–69.Google Scholar
Puga-Hermida, MI, Gallardo, M, Rodríguez-Gacio, MC and Matilla, AJ (2003) The heterogeneity of turnip tops (Brassica rapa) seeds inside the silique affects germination, the activity of the final step of the ethylene pathway, and abscisic acid and polyamine content. Functional Plant Biology 30, 767–775.Google Scholar
Rossi, G, Montagnani, C, Gargano, D, Peruzzi, L, Abeli, T, Ravera, S, Cogoni, A, Fenu, G, Magrini, S, Gennai, M, Foggi, B, Wagensommer, RP, Venturella, G, Blasi, C, Raimondo, FM and Orsenigo, S (2013) Lista Rossa della Flora Italiana. 1. Policy Species e altre specie minacciate. Rome, Comitato Italiano IUCN e Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare.Google Scholar
Silvertown, JW (1984) Phenotypic variety in seed germination behavior: the ontogeny and evolution of somatic polymorphism in seeds. American Naturalist 124, 1–16.Google Scholar
van Slageren, MW (1994) Wild wheats: a monograph of Aegilops L. and Amblyopyrum (Jaub. and Spach) Eig (Poaceae). Wageningen, Agricultural University Papers.Google Scholar
Venable, DL (1985) The evolutionary ecology of seed heteromorphism. American Naturalist 126, 577–595.Google Scholar
Volis, S (2016) Seed heteromorphism in Triticum dicoccoides: association between seed positions within a dispersal unit and dormancy. Oecologia 181, 401–412.Google Scholar
Walters, C (2003) Optimising seed banking procedures, pp. 723–743 in Smith, RD, Dickie, JB, Linington, SH, Pritchard, HW and Probert, RJ (eds), Seed Conservation: Turning Science into Practice. London, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.Google Scholar
Walters, C (1998) Understanding the mechanisms and kinetics of seed aging. Seed Science Research 8, 223–244.Google Scholar
Walters, C, Wheeler, LM and Grotenhuis, JM (2005) Longevity of seeds stored in a genebank: species characteristics. Seed Science Research 15, 1–20.Google Scholar
Warschefsky, E, Penmetsa, RV, Cook, DR and von Wettberg, E.J.B. (2014) Back to the wilds: evolutionary adaptations for resilient crops through systematic hybridization with crop wild relatives. American Journal of Botany 101, 1791–1800.Google Scholar
Wurzburger, J and Koller, D (1973) Onset of seed dormancy in Aegilops kotschyi Boiss. and its experimental modification. New Phytologist 5, 1057–1061.Google Scholar
Wurzburger, J and Leshem, Y (1967) Gibberellin and hull controlled inhibition of germination in Aegilops kotschyi Boiss. Israel Journal of Botany 16, 181–186.Google Scholar
Wurzburger, J and Leshem, Y (1969) Physiological action of the germination inhibitor in the husk of Aegilops kotschy Boiss. New Phytologist 68, 337–341.Google Scholar
Wurzburger, J, Leshem, Y and Koller, D (1976) Correlative aspects of imposition of dormancy in caryopses of Aegilops kotschyi. Plant Phisiology 57, 670–671.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Guzzon et al. supplementary material

Guzzon et al. supplementary material 1

Download Guzzon et al. supplementary material(File)
File 1.3 MB