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Exceptional flooding tolerance in the totipotent recalcitrant seeds of Eugenia stipitata

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 May 2017

Geângelo P. Calvi ,
Antônio M. G. Anjos ,
Ilse Kranner ,
Hugh W. Pritchard  and
Isolde D. K. Ferraz
Geângelo P. Calvi*
Affiliation:
National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Biodiversity Coordination, CP 2223, Manaus, 69065-970, AM, Brazil
Antônio M. G. Anjos
Affiliation:
National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Biodiversity Coordination, CP 2223, Manaus, 69065-970, AM, Brazil Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, Flona de Açú. CP 40, Assú, 59650-000, RN, Brazil
Ilse Kranner
Affiliation:
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK Department of Botany and Centre of Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Hugh W. Pritchard
Affiliation:
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK
Isolde D. K. Ferraz
Affiliation:
National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Biodiversity Coordination, CP 2223, Manaus, 69065-970, AM, Brazil
*
*Correspondence E-mail: gpcalvi@inpa.gov.br
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Abstract

Eugenia stipitata occurs along rivers in Western Amazonia and produces berry-type fruits with economic potential. Its large recalcitrant (i.e. desiccation-intolerant) seeds have been proposed as a model to study seed stress response, as no apparent differentiation between the embryonic axis and the fused cotyledons are visible. Here, the longevity of submerged seeds was analysed with a view to understanding adaptive mechanisms to seasonal flooding. Submerged seeds began germinating after 2 months. After 1 year, 87 and 96% total germination was reached when seeds were submerged under a water column of 6 cm (where seedlings could emerge from under the water) and 26 cm (where seedlings could not reach the water surface), respectively. Seedling morphology was altered underwater, with short internodes and rudimentary leaf blades, and when submersion was terminated, seedlings transplanted to nursery conditions recovered a normal phenotype. Furthermore, when seedlings were detached from the seeds, the ‘resown’ seeds produced a second, normal seedling within 9 months. Concentrations of the antioxidant glutathione, which was measured as a stress marker, increased with submersion time in water. Seeds that had developed roots and shoots underwater had higher concentrations of glutathione disulphide than non-germinated seeds, suggesting that the flooding stress was more intense for seedlings than seeds, although more oxidizing cellular redox environments are also consistent with the conditions required for differentiation. Submergence underwater is recommended for storage of the recalcitrant seeds of E. stipitata for up to 1 year.

Keywords

Amazoniagermination testglutathioneMyrtaceaestoragetetrazolium stainingtotipotent seed
Type
Research Papers
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 27 , Special Issue 2: Seed Ecology , June 2017 , pp. 121 - 130
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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