When Japan introduced a new public long-term care insurance in 2000, the eligibility criteria and benefits were designed so that those who had been receiving services would be able to continue to do so. Five years later, benefits were reduced by a partial levying of hotel costs in institutional care, and restricting the provision of instrumental activities of daily living support services in community care for those requiring only light care. Whether these revisions are effective in containing costs and whether a decision should be made to cover all ages and all disabilities are the issues for the future.