Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T13:10:53.864Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Personality and Job Stress: A Comparison of Direct Effects on Parenting

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2013

Angel Blanch  and
Anton Aluja
Angel Blanch*
Affiliation:
Universitat de Lleida (Spain)
Anton Aluja
Affiliation:
Universitat de Lleida (Spain)
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Angel Blanch. Departamento de Pedagogía y Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación. Universitat de Lleida. Avda de l'Estudi General, 4. 25001 Lleida (Spain). Phone: +34-973706529. E-mail: ablanch@pip.udl.cat
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The impact of personality and job characteristics on parental rearing styles was compared in 353 employees. Hypotheses concerning the relationships between personality and job variables were formulated in accordance with findings in past research and the Belsky's model (1984). Structural equation nested models showed that Aggression-hostility, Sociability and job Demand were predictive of Rejection and Emotional Warmth parenting styles, providing support for some of the hypothesized relationships. The findings suggest a well-balanced association of personality variables with both parenting styles: Aggression-Hostility was positively related to Rejection and negatively to Emotional Warmth, whereas Sociability was positively related to Emotional Warmth and negatively related to Rejection. Personality dimensions explained a higher amount of variance in observed parenting styles. However, a model that considered both, personality and job dimensions as antecedent variables of parenting was the best representation of observed data, as both systems play a role in the prediction of parenting behavior.

El impacto de la personalidad y las características del trabajo sobre los estilos educativos paternos se comparó en 353 trabajadores. Se formularon hipótesis sobre las relaciones entre variables de personalidad y laborales de acuerdo con los resultados de investigaciones anteriores y el modelo de Belsky (1984). La evaluación de una serie de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales anidados, mostró que la Agresión – hostilidad, la Sociabilidad, y las demandas de trabajo eran predictivas de estilos educativos de Rechazo y Calidez Emocional, apoyando algunas de las relaciones hipotetizadas. Los resultados sugieren una asociación equilibrada de las variables de personalidad con ambos tipos de estilos educativos: Agresión – hostilidad se asoció positivamente con Rechazo y negativamente con Calidez Emocional, mientras que Sociabilidad se asoció positivamente con Calidez Emocional y negativamente con Rechazo. Las dimensiones de personalidad explicaron una mayor proporción de varianza en los estilos educativos. En cualquier caso, un modelo incluyendo tanto variables de personalidad como laborales como antecedentes de los estilos educativos, mostró la mejor representación de los datos observados, ya que ambos sistemas parecen jugar un papel importante en la predicción de conductas de educación parental.

Keywords

personalityjob stressparentingpersonalidadestrés laboralestilos educativos
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 14 , Issue 2 , November 2011 , pp. 667 - 674
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abidin, R. R. (1992). The determinants of parenting behavior.Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 21, 407–412. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2104_12CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, T. D., Herst, D. E. L., Bruck, C. S., & Sutton, M. (2000). Consequences associated with work-to-family conflict: A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 278–308. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.5.2.278Google Scholar
Aluja, A., García, O., & García, L. (2003). Psychometric properties of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman personality questionnaire (ZKPQ-III-R): A study of a shortened form. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 1083–1097. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00097-1Google Scholar
Arbuckle, J. L. (1999). AMOS 4 [Computer software] Chicago, IL: SmallWaters Corporation.Google Scholar
Arrindell, W. A., Akkerman, A., Bages, N., Feldman, L., Caballo, V. E., Oei, T. P. S., … Zaldívar, F. (2005). The short-EMBU in Australia, Spain, and Venezuela. European Journal of Psychological Assesment, 21, 56–66. doi:10.1027/1015-5759.21.1.56Google Scholar
Barnett, R. C., Gareis, K. C., & Brennan, R. T. (1999). Fit as a mediator of the relationship between work hours and burnout. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 4, 307–317. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.4.4.307Google Scholar
Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology Monographs, 4, 1–103. doi:10.1037/h0030372CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belsky, J. (1984). The determinants of parenting: A process model. Child Development, 55, 83–96. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb00275.xGoogle Scholar
Belsky, J., Crnic, K., & Woodworth, S. (1995). Personality and parenting: Exploring the mediating role of transient mood and daily hassles. Journal of Personality, 63, 905–929. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1995.tb00320.xGoogle Scholar
Belsky, J., Gilstrap, B., & Rovine, M. (1984). Stability and change in mother-infant and father-infant interaction in a setting study. Child Development, 55, 692–705. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb03808.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanch, A., & Aluja, A. (2009).Work, family and personality: A study of work-family conflict. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 520–524. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.12.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In Bollen, K. A. & Long, J. S. (Eds.), Testing structural equations models (pp. 136–162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Castro, J., de Pablo, J., Gómez, J., Arrindell, W. A., & Toro, J. (1997). Assessing rearing behavior from the perspective of the parents: A new form of the EMBU. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 32, 230–235. doi:10.1007/BF00788243CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, L. A., Kochanska, G., & Ready, R. (2000). Mother's personality and its interaction with child temperament as predictors of parenting behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 274–285. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.2.274CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Costigan, C. L., Cox, M. J., & Cauce, A. M. (2003). Work-parenting linkages among dual-earner couples at the transition to parenthood. Journal of Family Psychology, 17, 397–408. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.17.3.397CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crouter, A. C., & Bumpus, M. F. (2001). Linking parents' work stress to children's and adolescents' psychological adjustment. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 156–159. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00138Google Scholar
Deater-Deckard, K., & Scarr, S. (1996). Parenting stress among dual-earner mothers and fathers: Are there gender differences? Journal of Family Psychology, 10, 45–59. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.10.1.45Google Scholar
Enns, M. W., Cox, B. J., & Larsen, D. K. (2000). Perceptions of parental bonding and symptom severity in adults with depression: Mediation by personality dimensions. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 45, 263–268.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
García, L. F., Aluja, A., & del Barrio, V. (2006). Effects of personality, rearing styles and social values on adolescents'socialization process. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1671–1682. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.01.006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodman, S. H., & Gotlib, I. H. (1999). Risk for psychopathology in the children of depressed parents: A developmental model for understanding mechanism of transmission. Psychological Review, 106, 458–490. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.106.3.458CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffman, M. L. (1975). Moral internalization parental power and the nature of parent-child interaction. Developmental Psychology, 11, 228–229. doi:10.1037/h0076463CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Houston, B. K., & Vavak, C. R. (1991). Cynical hostility: developmental factors, psychological correlates, and health behaviors. Health Psychology, 10, 9–17. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.10.1.9Google Scholar
Hughes, D. L., & Galinsky, E. (1994). Work experiences and marital interactions: Elaborating the complexity of work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 423–438. doi:10.1002/job.4030150507Google Scholar
Jansen, N. W. H., Kant, I., Kristensen, T. S., & Nijhuis, F. J. N. (2003). Antecedents and consequences of work-family conflict: A prospective cohort study. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 5, 479–491. doi:10.1097/01.jom.0000063626.37065.e8Google Scholar
Jarvis, P. A., & Creasey, G. L. (1991). Parental stress, coping and attachment in families with an 18-month-old infant. Infant Behavior and Development, 14, 383–395. doi:10.1016/0163-6383(91)90029-RCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jayaratne, S., Chess, W. A., & Kunkel, D. A. (1986). Burnout: Its impact on child welfare workers and their spouses. Social Work, 31, 53–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaczynski, K. J., Lindahl, K. M., Malik, N. M., & Laurenceau, J. P. (2006). Marital conflict, maternal and parental parenting, and child adjustment: A test of mediation and moderation. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 199–208. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.20.2.199CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karasek, R. A. (1985). Job Content Questionnaire and user's guide. Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California.Google Scholar
Karasek, R., Brisson, C., Kawakami, N., Houtman, I., Bongers, P., & Amick, B. (1998). The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ): An instrument for internationally comparative assessments of psychosocial job characteristics. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3, 322–355. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.3.4.322Google Scholar
Kinnunen, U., Gerris, J., & Vermulst, A. (1996). Work experiences and family functioning among employed fathers with children of school age. Family Relations: Journal of Applied Family & Child Studies, 45, 449–455. doi:10.2307/585175CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kochanska, G., Aksan, N., Penney, S. J., & Boldt, L. J. (2007). Parental personality as an inner resource that moderates the impact of ecological adversity on parenting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 136–150. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.1.13CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. Jr., (1999). A five-factor theory of personality. In Pervin, L. A. & John, O. P. (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 139–153). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Morris, J. E., & Coley, R. L. (2004). Maternal, family, and work correlates of role strain in low-income mothers. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 424–432. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.18.3.424CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2004). Fathers' and mothers' parenting behavior and beliefs as predictors of children's social adjustment in the transition to school. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 628–638. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.18.4.628CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patterson, G. (1983). Stress: A change agent for family process. In Garmezy, N. & Rutter, M. (Eds.), Stress, coping, and development in children (pp. 235–264). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Pedersen, W. (1994). Parental relations, mental health, and delinquency in adolescents. Adolescence, 29, 975–990.Google Scholar
Peterson, B. E., Smirles, K. A., & Wentworth, P. A. (1997). Generativity and authoritarianism: Implications for personality, political involvement, and parenting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1202–1216. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.72.5.1202Google Scholar
Repetti, R. L., (1989). Effects of daily workload on subsequent behavior during marital interaction: The roles of social withdrawal and spouse support. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 651–659. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.4.651Google Scholar
Repetti, R. L. (1994). Short-term and long-term processes linking job stressors to father - child interaction. Social Development, 3, 1–15. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.1994.tb00020.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Repetti, R. L., & Wood, J. (1997). Effects of daily stress at work on mothers' interactions with preschoolers. Journal of Family Psychology, 11, 90–108. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.11.1.90CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Story, L. B., & Repetti, R. (2006). Daily occupationalstressors and marital behavior. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 690–700. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.20.4.690Google Scholar
Tellegen, A. (1985). Structures of mood and personality and their relevance to assessing anxiety, with an emphasis on self-report. In Tuma, A. & Mason, J. (Eds.), Anxiety and the anxiety disorders (pp. 681–706). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Zemore, R., & Rinholm, J. (1989). Vulnerability to depression as a function of parental rejection and control. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 21, 364–376. doi:10.1037/h0079844CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zuckerman, M. (2005). Psychobiology of personality. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Zuckerman, M., Kuhlman, M. D., Joireman, J., Teta, P., & Kraft, M. (1993). A comparison of three structural models for personality: The Big Three, the Big Five, and the Alternative Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 757–768. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.4.757Google Scholar