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Women and Vulnerability to Depression: Some Personality and Clinical Factors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 April 2014

Jesús M. Carrillo ,
Nieves Rojo  and
Arthur W. Staats
Jesús M. Carrillo*
Affiliation:
University Complutense of Madrid
Nieves Rojo
Affiliation:
University Complutense of Madrid
Arthur W. Staats
Affiliation:
University of Hawaii
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to J.M. Carrillo, Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Psicología Clínica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus Somosaguas, 28223 Madrid (Spain). E-mail: jmcarril@psi.ucm.es
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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to explore the role of sex differences and personality in vulnerability to depression. Sex differences in personality and some clinical variables are described. We also assess the value of the variables that revealed significant sex differences as predictors of vulnerability to depression. In a group of adult participants (N = 112), 50% males and 50% females (mean age = 41.30; SD = 15.09; range 17- 67), we studied sex differences in the three-factor personality model, using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Form A (EPQ-A; Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975), and in the Five-Factor Personality Model, with the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI; Costa & McCrae, 1985). The following clinical scales were used: the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979), the Schizotypy Questionnaire (STQ; Claridge & Broks, 1984; Spanish version, Carrillo & Rojo, 1999), the THARL Scales (Dua, 1989, 1990; Spanish version, Dua & Carrillo, 1994) and the Adjustment Inventory (Bell, 1937; Spanish version, Cerdá, 1980). Subsequently, simple linear regression analysis, with BDI scores as criterion, were performed to estimate the value of the variables as predictors of vulnerability to depression. The results indicate that a series of personality variables cause women to be more vulnerable to depression than men and that these variables could be explained by a negative emotion main factor. Results are discussed within the framework of the psychological behaviorism theory of depression.

En este trabajo se examinó el papel de las diferencias del sexo y de la personalidad en la vulnerabilidad a la depresión. Se describen las diferencias entre sexos en personalidad y en algunas variables clínicas para, posteriormente, analizar el papal de las variables que muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los sexos, como predictoras de la vulnerabilidad a la depresión. Para cumplir con este objetivo, se exploraron extensamente esas diferencias en dos grandes modelos de la personalidad y en algunas escalas clínicas. Nuestros datos se obtuvieron de un grupo de adultos (N = 112), 50% hombres y 50% mujeres (media de edad = 41.30; SD = 15.09; rango 17- 67). Se estudiaron las diferencias entre mujeres y hombres respecto al modelo de 3 factores, utilizando el Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Form A (EPQ; Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975; versión española de TEA, 1986), y el modelo de 5 factores (NEO Personality Inventory - NEO-PI; Costa & McCrae, 1985). Se aplicaron también algunas escalas clínicas: Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck et al., 1979), Schizotypy Questionnaire (STQ; Claridge & Broks, 1984; versión española de Carrillo y Rojo, 1999), THARL scales (Dua, 1989, 1990; versión española de Dua y Carrillo, 1994), y The Adjustment Inventory (Bell, 1937; versión española: Cuestionario de adaptación para adultos, Cerdá, 1980). Tras estudiar las diferencias según el sexo respecto a estos factores, se estimó su valor de vulnerabilidad a la depresión mediante análisis de regresión lineal simple, siendo la escala BDI de Beck el criterio de depresión. Los resultados mostraron que existe un conjunto de variables que hacen a las mujeres más vulnerables a la depresión que a los hombres. Estas variables podrían explicarse a partir de un factor principal de emocionalidad negativa. Se discuten los resultados en el contexto de la teoría del conductismo psicológico de la depresión.

Keywords

depression in womenpersonalityvulnerabilitysex differencesbehaviorism theory of depressiondepresión en la mujerpersonalidadvulnerabilidaddiferencias según el sexoteoría conductual de la depresión
Type
Articles
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 7 , Issue 1 , May 2004 , pp. 29 - 39
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2004

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