Hostname: page-component-669899f699-7xsfk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-26T03:46:00.877Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Excitation of Dynamo Modes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 February 2017

P. Hoyng
P. Hoyng*
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Space Research Beneluxlaan 21, 3527 HS Utrecht The Netherlands

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

After the very suggestive results of the early days, the theory of the solar dynamo has now entered a period of re-evaluation. It is clear that our initial expectations have been too high. I shall review some of the recent attempts to formulate nonlinear and stochastic mode excitation theoretically. We now have evidence from synoptic observations that the solar dynamo features many periods. Periods both shorter and longer than the fundamental 22 yr cycle have been claimed. The phase stability of any of these periods is uncertain. The phase memory of the 22 yr period may be as short as ~ 10 cycles, but could also be much longer. Linear mean field theories permit only one marginally stable mode; they predict one period with an infinitely long phase memory. Attempts to explain multiperiodicity and finite phase memory effects fall in two categories:

(1). Nonlinear models. These feature a few nonlinearly coupled variables and may exhibit a multiperiodic or chaotic behaviour; (2). If the number of relevant variables is very high, then the dynamo behaves stochastically. It has been argued that this takes the form of stochastic excitation of many dynamo modes (overtones).

Type
VI. Generation of Solar Magnetic Fields
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 138: Solar Photosphere: Structure, Convection and Magnetic Fields , 1990 , pp. 359 - 374
Copyright
Copyright © Kluwer 1990 

References

Allen, C.W.: 1973, Astrophysical Quantities , Athlone Press (London).Google Scholar
Atmanspacher, H., Scheingraber, H. and Voges, W.: 1988, Phys. Rev. A37, 1314.Google Scholar
Baliunas, S.L. and Vaughan, A.H.: 1985, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 23, 379.Google Scholar
Barnes, J.A., Sargent, H.H. and Tryon, P.V.: 1980, in The Ancient Sun , eds. Pepin, R.O., Eddy, J.A. and Merrill, R.B., Pergamon Press (New York), p. 159.Google Scholar
Beer, J., Siegenthaler, U. and Blinov, A.: 1988, in Secular Solar and Geomagnetic Variations in the Last 10,000 Years, eds. Stephenson, F.R. and Wolfendale, A.W., Kluwer Academic Publishers (Dordrecht), p. 297.Google Scholar
Belvedere, G., Pidatella, R.M. and Proctor, R.M.E.: 1989, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dynamics , to appear.Google Scholar
Boyer, D.W. and Levy, E.H.: 1984, Astrophys. J. 277, 848.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braginskii, S.I.: 1965, Sov. Phys. JETP 20, 726.Google Scholar
Braginskii, S.I.: 1965, Sov. Phys. JETP 20, 1462.Google Scholar
Brandenburg, A., Moss, D. and Tuominen, I.: 1989, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dynamics , to appear.Google Scholar
Bräuer, H.: 1979, Astron. Nachr. 300, 43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bräuer, H.: 1980, Astron. Nachr. 301, 203.Google Scholar
Cohen, T.J. and Lintz, P.R.: 1974. Nature 250, 398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowling, T.G.: 1934, M.N.R.A.S. 94, 39.Google Scholar
Cowling, T.G.: 1981, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 19, 115.Google Scholar
Deluca, E.E. and Gilman, P.A.: 1986, Geophys. Astrophys. fluid Dynamics 37, 85.Google Scholar
Deluca, E.E. and Gilman, P.A.: 1988, Geophys. Astrophys. fluid Dynamics 43, 119.Google Scholar
Dicke, R.H.: 1978, Nature 276, 676.Google Scholar
Dicke, R.H.: 1988, Solar Phys. 115, 171.Google Scholar
Durney, B.R.: 1988, Astron. Astrophys. 191, 374.Google Scholar
Dziembowski, W.A., Goode, P.R. and Libbrecht, K.G.: 1989, Astrophys. J. 337, L53.Google Scholar
Eddy, J.A.: 1976, Science 192, 1189.Google Scholar
Eddy, J.A.: 1983, Solar Phys. 89, 195.Google Scholar
Galloway, D.J.: 1986, Adv. Space Res. 6, No. 8, 19.Google Scholar
Galloway, D.J. and Weiss, N.O.: 1981, Astrophys. J. 243, 945.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gelly, B., Fossat, E. and Grec, G.: 1988, in Seismology of the Sun & Sun-like Stars , ed. Rolfe, E.J., ESA SP-286 (Noordwijk), p. 275.Google Scholar
Gilman, P.A.: 1983, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 53, 243.Google Scholar
Gilman, P.A. and Miller, J.: 1981, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 46, 211.Google Scholar
Gilman, P.A., Morrow, C.A. and Deluca, E.E.: 1989, Astrophys. J. 338, 528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gissatullina, S.M., Rukavishnikov, V.D., Ruzmaikin, A.A. and Tavastsherna, K.S.: 1989, Solar Phys. , submitted.Google Scholar
Glatzmaier, G.A.: 1985a, Astrophys. J. 291, 300.Google Scholar
Glatzmaier, G.A.: 1985b, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dynamics 31, 137.Google Scholar
Golub, L., Rosner, R., Vaiana, G.S. and Weiss, N.O.: 1981, Astrophys. J. 243, 309.Google Scholar
Gokhale, M.H. and Javaraiah, J.: 1989a, M.N.R.A.S. , submitted.Google Scholar
Gokhale, M.H. and Javaraiah, J.: 1989b, these proceedings.Google Scholar
Gough, D.O.: 1978, in Pleins Feux sur la, Physique Solaire , eds. Dumont, S. and Rösch, J., Editions du CNRS (Paris), p. 81.Google Scholar
Gough, D.O.: 1981, in Variations in the Solar Constant , ed. Sofia, S., US Govt. Printing Office (Washington), p. 185.Google Scholar
Gough, D.O.: 1987, in Solar-Terrestrial Relationships and the Earth Environment in the Last Millenia , ed. Castalogni-Cini, G., Soc. Italiana di Fisica (Bologna), p. 95.Google Scholar
Gough, D.O.: 1988a, in Seismology of the Sun & Sun-like Stars , ed. Rolfe, E.J., ESA SP-286 (Noordwijk), p. 679.Google Scholar
Gough, D.O.: 1988b, Nature 336, 618.Google Scholar
Harvey, J.: 1988, in Seismology of the Sun & Sun-like Stars , ed. Rolfe, E.J., ESA SP-286 (Noordwijk), p. 55.Google Scholar
Howard, R.: 1884, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 22, 131.Google Scholar
Hoyng, P.: 1987a, Astron. Astrophys. 171, 348.Google Scholar
Hoyng, P.: 1987b, Astron. Astrophys. 171, 357.Google Scholar
Hoyng, P.: 1988, Astrophys. J. 332, 857.Google Scholar
Hudson, H.S.: 1988, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 26, 437.Google Scholar
Hundhausen, A.J.: 1977, in Coronal Holes and High Speed Wind Streams , ed. Zirker, J.B., Colorado Associated U.P. (Boulder), p. 225.Google Scholar
Ivanova, T.S. and Ruzmaikin, A.A.: 1977, Sov. Astron. 21, 479.Google Scholar
Jennings, R.L. and Weiss, N.O.: 1989, these proceedings.Google Scholar
Jepps, S.A.: 1975, J. Fluid Mech. 67, 625.Google Scholar
Jones, C.A.: 1983, in Stellar and Planetary Magnetism , ed. Soward, A.M., Gordon and Breach (New York), p. 159.Google Scholar
Kleeorin, N.I. and Ruzmaikin, A.A.: 1981, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dynamics 17, 281.Google Scholar
Knobloch, E., Moore, D.R., Toomre, J. and Weiss, N.O.: 1986, J. Fluid Mech. 166, 409.Google Scholar
Krause, F.: 1976, in Basic Mechanisms of Solar Activity , eds. Bumba, V. and Kleczec, J., Reidel (Dordrecht), p. 305.Google Scholar
Krause, F. and Rädler, K.-H.: 1980, Mean-Field Magnetohydrodynamics and Dynamo Theory , Pergamon Press (London).Google Scholar
Krause, F. and Roberts, P.H.: 1981, Adv. Space Res. 1, 231.Google Scholar
Larmor, J.: 1919, Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1919, 159.Google Scholar
Layzer, D., Rosner, R. and Doyle, H.T.: 1979, Astrophys. J. 229, 1126.Google Scholar
Levy, E.H.: 1972, Astrophys. J. 171, 635.Google Scholar
Levy, E.H. and Boyer, D.: 1982, Astrophys. J. 254, L19.Google Scholar
Malkus, W.V.R. and Proctor, M.R.E.: 1975, J. Fluid Mech. 67, 417.Google Scholar
Martens, P.C.H.: 1984, Physics Reports 115, 315.Google Scholar
Moffatt, H.K.: 1978, Magnetic Field Generation in Electrically Conducting Fluids , Cambridge U.P. (Cambridge).Google Scholar
Moffatt, H.K.: 1983, Rep. Prog. Phys. 46, 621.Google Scholar
Moore, D.R., Toomre, J., Knobloch, E. and Weiss, N.O.: 1983, Nature 303, 663.Google Scholar
Ostryakov, V.M. and Usoskin, I.G.: 1989, these proceedings.Google Scholar
Parker, E.N.: 1955, Astrophys. J. 122, 293.Google Scholar
Parker, E.N.: 1969, Astrophys. J. 158, 815.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, E.N.: 1979, Cosmical Magnetic Fields , Clarendon Press (Oxford).Google Scholar
Parker, E.N.: 1987, Solar Phys. 110, 11.Google Scholar
Piddington, J.H.: 1971, Proc. Astron. Soc. Australia 2, 7.Google Scholar
Piddington, J.H.: 1976, in Basic Mechanisms of Solar Activity , eds. Bumba, V. and Kleczek, J., Reidel (Dordrecht), p. 389.Google Scholar
Pudovkin, M.I. and Benevolenska, E.E.: 1985, Solar Phys. 95, 381.Google Scholar
Rädler, K.-H.: 1980, Astron. Nachr. 301, 101.Google Scholar
Rädler, K.-H.: 1983, in Stellar and Planetary Magnetism , ed. Soward, A.M., Gordon and Breach (New York), p. 17 and p. 37.Google Scholar
Rädler, K.-H.: 1986a, Astron. Nachr. 307, 89.Google Scholar
Rädler, K.-H.: 1986b, in Plasma Astrophysics , ESA SP-251 (Noordwijk), p. 569.Google Scholar
Raisbeck, G.M. and Yiou, F.: 1988, in Secular Solar and Geomagnetic Variations in the Last 10,000 Years, eds. Stephenson, F.R. and Wolfendale, A.W., Kluwer Academic Publishers (Dordrecht), p. 287.Google Scholar
Ribes, E. and Laclare, F.: 1988, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dynamics 41, 171.Google Scholar
Roberts, P.H. and Stix, M.: 1971, NCAR-TN/IA-60 , (NCAR, Boulder, Colorado).Google Scholar
Roberts, P.H.: 1972, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A272, 663.Google Scholar
Ruzmaikin, A.A.: 1981, Comm. Astrophys. 9, 85.Google Scholar
Ruzmaikin, A.A., Sokolov, D.D. and Starchenko, S.V.: 1988, Solar Phys. 115, 5.Google Scholar
Schmitt, D. and Schüssler, M.: 1989, Astron. Astrophys. , to appear.Google Scholar
Schüssler, M.: 1984, in The Hydromagnetics of the Sun , ESA SP-220 (Noordwijk), p. 67.Google Scholar
Schuster, H.G.: 1988, Deterministic Chaos , VHC Verlagsgesellschaft (Weinheim).Google Scholar
Smith, L.A.: 1988, Phys. Lett. 133A, 283.Google Scholar
Sonett, C.P.: 1983a, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 22, 239.Google Scholar
Sonett, C.P.: 1983b, Nature 306, 670.Google Scholar
Sonett, C.P. and Williams, G.E.: 1987, Solar Phys. 110, 397.Google Scholar
Sonett, C.P., Finney, S.A. and Williams, C.R.: 1988, Nature 335, 806.Google Scholar
Spiegel, E.A. and Weiss, N.O.: 1980, Nature 287, 616.Google Scholar
Spruit, H.C. and Van Ballegooijen, A.A.: 1982, Astron. Astrophys. 106, 58.Google Scholar
Spruit, H.C., Title, A.M. and Van Ballegooijen, A.A.: 1987, Solar Phys. 110, 115.Google Scholar
Stenflo, J.O. and Vogel, M.: 1986, Nature 319, 285.Google Scholar
Stenflo, J.O. and Weisenhorn, A.L.: 1987, Solar Phys. 108, 205.Google Scholar
Stenflo, J.O. and Güdel, M.: 1988, Astron. Astrophys. 191, 137.Google Scholar
Stix, M.: 1971, Astron. Astrophys. 13, 203.Google Scholar
Stix, M.: 1972, Astron. Astrophys. 20, 9.Google Scholar
Stix, M.: 1978, in Pleins Feux sur la Physique Solaire , eds. Dumont, S. and Rösch, J., Editions du CNRS (Paris), p. 37.Google Scholar
Stix, M.: 1981, Solar Phys. 74, 79.Google Scholar
Stix, M.: 1987, in Solar and Stellar Physics , eds. Schröter, E.H. and Schüssler, M., Springer Verlag (Berlin), p. 15.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M. and Braziunas, T.F.: 1988, in Secular Solar and Geomagnetic Variations in the Last 10,000 Years, eds. Stephenson, F.R. and Wolfendale, A.W., Kluwer Academic Publishers (Dordrecht), p. 245.Google Scholar
Vaughan, A.H.: 1983, in Solar and Stellar Magnetic Fields: Origins and Coronal Effects , ed. Stenflo, J.O., Reidel (Dordrecht), p. 113.Google Scholar
Voges, W., Atmanspacher, H. and Scheingraber, H.: 1987, Astrophys. J. 320, 794.Google Scholar
Weiss, N.O., Cattaneo, F. and Jones, C.A.: 1984, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dynamics 30, 305.Google Scholar
Whitehouse, D.R.: 1985, Astron. Astrophys. 145, 451.Google Scholar
Williams, G.E.: 1981, Nature 291, 624.Google Scholar
Williams, G.E.: 1985, Aust. J. Phys. 38, 1027.Google Scholar
Williams, G.E.: 1989, J. Geol. Soc. London 146, 97.Google Scholar
Willson, R.C. and Hudson, H.S.: 1988, Nature 332, 810.Google Scholar
Yoshimura, H.: 1978a, Astrophys. J. 220, 692.Google Scholar
Yoshimura, H.: 1978b, Astrophys. J. 226, 706.Google Scholar
Yule, G.U.: 1927, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A226, 267.Google Scholar
Zeldovich, Ya. B., Ruzmaikin, A.A. and Sokoloff, D.D.: 1983, Magnetic Fields in Astrophysics , Gordon and Breach (New York).Google Scholar
Zirker, J.B.: 1977, in Coronal Holes and High Speed Wind Streams , ed. Zirker, J.B., Colorado Associated U.P. (Boulder), p. 1.Google Scholar
Zwaan, C.: 1987, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 25, 83.Google Scholar