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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 May 2016
A decade ago Sanders et al. (1988a, b) proposed a possible QSO formation scenario as a sequence of Galaxy Mergers → Ultraluminous IR Galaxies (ULIRGs) → Warm ULIRGs → QSOs. Since then, this proposal has become a paradigm against which all the subsequent observations will be compared. Fortunately for us, this paradigm makes two specific predictions: that is, 1) ULIRGs are powered by hidden AGNs, and 2) ULIRGs should be more abundant at z ~ 2, where the comoving density of optically-selected QSOs is sharply peaking up.