Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T05:22:58.575Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Expressed Emotion and the Course of Schizophrenia in Japan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Shuichi Tanaka ,
Yoshio Mino  and
Shimpei Inoue
Shuichi Tanaka
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
Yoshio Mino
Affiliation:
Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
Shimpei Inoue*
Affiliation:
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan
*
Professor Shimpei Inoue, Department of Psychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Okoh-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783, Japan
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

We examined whether expressed emotion (EE) influenced the course of schizophrenia in Japan.

Method

We conducted a cohort study. Of 73 subjects with schizophrenia meeting the diagnostic criteria of ICD–9 or DSM–III–R, 52 participated in the study. The Camberwell Family Interview was conducted to evaluate EE. The subjects had been followed up for nine months and psychiatrists who were blind to the EE status evaluated their symptoms with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale.

Results

The relapse rate in the high-EE group was 58% and that in the low-EE group 21 % (P < 0.01). Nine-month relapse risk ratio was 2.72 (95% CI 1.24 to 5.97).

Conclusion

In Japan, as elsewhere, EE is a good predictor of schizophrenic relapse.

Type
Papers
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 167 , Issue 6 , December 1995 , pp. 794 - 798
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd edn, revised) (DSM–III–R). Washington, DC: APA.Google Scholar
Barrelet, V. L., Pelizzer, G. & Ammann, L. (1988) Family expressed emotion and outcome of schizophrenics: a study in a French cultural environment. Archives Suisses de Neurologie et de Psychiatrie, 139, 27–34.Google Scholar
Bebbington, P. & Kuipers, L. (1994) The predictive utility of expressed emotion in schizophrenia: an aggregate analysis. Psychological Medicine, 24, 707–718.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benedict, R. (1967) The Chrysanthemum and the Sward. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.Google Scholar
Brown, G. W., Birley, J. L. T. & Wing, J. K. (1972) Influence of family life on course of schizophrenic disorders: a replication. British Journal of Psychiatry, 121, 241–258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Doi, K. (1973) The Anatomy of Dependence. Tokyo: Kodansha International.Google Scholar
Dulz, B. & Hand, I. (1986) Short-term relapse in young schizophrenics: can it be predicted and affected by family (CFI), patient, and treatment variables? An experimental study. In Treatment of Schizophrenia, Family Assessment and Intervention (eds Goldstein, M. J., Hand, I. & Hahlweg, K.), pp. 59–75. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gottschalk, L. A., Falloon, I. R. H., Marder, S. R., et al (1988) The prediction of relapse of schizophrenic patients using emotion data obtained from their relatives. Psychiatry Research, 25, 261–276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leff, J., Wig, N. N., Ghosh, A., et al (1987) Expressed emotion and schizophrenia in North India III. Influence of relatives' expressed emotion on the course of schizophrenia in Chandigarh. British Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 166–173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leff, J., Wig, N. N., Bedi, H., et al (1990) Relatives' expressed emotion and the course of schizophrenia in Chandigarh: a two-year follow-up of a first-contact sample. British Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 351–356.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Macmillan, J. F., Gold, A., Crow, T. J., et al (1986) The Northwick Park Study of First Episodes of Schizophrenia: IV. Expressed emotion and relapse. British Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 133–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mino, Y., Kodera, R. & Bebbington, P. (1990) A comparative study of psychiatric services in Japan and England. British Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 416–420.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mino, Y., & Inoue, S. (1991) Recent topics in mental health and psychiatry in Japan. Psychiatric Bulletin, 15, 500–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mino, Y., Tanaka, S., Inoue, S., et al (1995) Expressed emotion components in families of schizophrenic patients in Japan. International Journal of Mental Health (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moline, R. A., Singh, S., Morris, A., et al (1985) Family expressed emotion and relapse in schizophrenia in 24 urban American patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 1078–1081.Google ScholarPubMed
Overall, J. E. & Gorham, D. P. (1962) The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychological Reports, 10, 799–812.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vaughan, C. & Leff, J. (1976a) The measurement of expressed emotion in the families of psychiatric patients. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 15, 157–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vaughan, C. & Leff, J. (1976b) The influence of family and social factors on the course of psychiatric illness: a comparison of schizophrenia and depressed neurotic patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 129, 125–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vaughan, C., Snyder, K. S., Jones, S., et al (1984) Family factors in schizophrenic relapse: replication in California of British research in expressed emotions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 1169–1177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vaughan, K., Doyle, M., McConaghy, N., et al (1992) The relationship between relatives' expressed emotion and schizophrenic relapse: an Australian replication. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 27, 10–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization (1978) Mental Disorders. Glossary and Guide to their Classification in Accordance with the Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD–9). Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1979) Schizophrenia: An International Follow-Up Study. Chichester: Wiley.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.