Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T19:18:45.854Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Mental Health and the Environment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

Hugh Freeman*
Affiliation:
Salford Area Health Authority (Teaching); Environmental Institute, University of Salford; Hope Hospital, Eccles Old Road, Salford M6 8HD

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Review Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1978 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abey-Wickrama, I., A'Brook, M. F., Gattoni, F. E. G. & Herridge, C. F. (1969) Mental hospital admissions and aircraft noise. Lancet, ii, 1275–7.Google Scholar
Bagley, C. & Jacobson, S. (1976) Ecological variation of three types of suicide. Psychological Medicine, 6, 423–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bagley, C. Jacobson, S. & Palmer, C. (1973) Social structure and the ecological distribution of mental illness, suicide and delinquency. Psychological Medicine, 3, 177–87.Google Scholar
Bain, S. M. (1974) A geographer's approach in the epidemiology of psychiatric disorder. J. Biosocial Sciences, 6, 195220.Google Scholar
Bloom, B. L. (1968) An ecological analysis of psychiatric hospitalizations. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 423–63.Google Scholar
Bornstein, M. H. & Bornstein, H. G. (1976) The pace of life. Nature, 259, 557–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canter, D. (1977) The Psychology of Place. New York: St Martin's Press.Google Scholar
Cappon, D. (1975) Designs for improvements in the quality of life in downtown cores. Int. J. ment. Health, 4, 3147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carstairs, G. M. & Kapur, R. L. (1976) The Great Universe of Kota. London: The Hogarth Press.Google Scholar
Cassel, J. (1970) Physical illness in response to stress. In Social Stress (eds Levine, S. and Scotch, N. A.), pp 189209. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
Chombard de Lauwe, P. M. (1959) Famille et Habitation, Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.Google Scholar
Cooper, J. & Sartorius, N. (1977) Cultural and temporal variations in schizophrenia: a speculation on the importance of industrialization. Brit. J. Psychiat., 130, 50–5.Google Scholar
Cox, J. L. (1977) Aspects of transcultural psychiatry. Brit. J. Psychiat., 130, 211–21.Google Scholar
Craik, K. H. (1973) Environmental psychology. In Annual Review of Psychology, 24, 403–22.Google Scholar
D'Atri, D. A. (1975) Psychophysiological responses to crowding. Environment and Behaviour, 1, 237–52.Google Scholar
Dunham, H. W. (1965) Community and Schizophrenia. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.Google Scholar
Ehrlich, P. & Freedman, J. (1971) Population crowding and human behaviour. New Scientist and Science Journal, 1 April 1971, 1014.Google Scholar
Esser, A. H. (1974) Environment and mental health. Science, Medicine and Man, 1, 181–93.Google Scholar
Esser, A. H. & Deutsch, R. D. (1975) Environment and mental health: an annotated bibliography. Man-Environment Systems, 5, 333–48.Google Scholar
Faris, R. E. L. & Dunham, H. W. (1939) Mental Disorders in Urban Areas. Chicago: University Press.Google Scholar
Freedman, J. L. (1975) Crowding and Behavior. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.Google Scholar
Freeman, H. L. (1958) Common stresses in a military environment. J. of the R.A.M.C., 104, 31–5.Google Scholar
Freeman, H. L. (1979) Mental health and new communities in Britain. In Imagination and Precision in the Social Sciences (eds Nossiter, T. J., Hanson, A. H. and Rokkan, S.). London: Faber.Google Scholar
Freeman, H. L. (1975) The environment and human satisfaction. Int. J. ment. Health, 4, 614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fried, M. (1963) Grieving for a lost home. In The Urban condition (ed. Duhl, L. J.). New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Fried, M. & Gleicher, P. (1961) Some sources of residential satisfaction in an urban slum. J. of the Amer. Inst. of Planners, 27, 305–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fried, M. & DeFazio, V. J. (1974) Territoriality and boundary conflicts in the subway. Psychiatry, 37, 4759.Google Scholar
Gans, H. J. (1967) Planning and city planning for mental health. In Taming Megalopolis (Vol 2) (ed. Eldredge, H. W.), pp 897916. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Gath, D., Cooper, B., Gattoni, F. & Rockett, D. (1977) Child Guidance and Delinquency in a London Borough. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gerard, D. L. & Houston, L. G. (1953) Family setting and the social ecology of schizophrenia. Psychiatric Quarterly, 27, 90101.Google Scholar
Giggs, J. A. (1973) The distribution of schizophrenics in Nottingham. J. of the Midland Institute of Geographers, 5576.Google Scholar
Hall, E. T. (1968) Proxemics. Current Anthropology, 9, 8395.Google Scholar
Hall, P. (1964) Moving house in the aetiology of psychiatric symptoms. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., 57, 83–6.Google Scholar
Hare, E. H. (1956) Mental illness and social conditions in Bristol. J. ment. Science, 102, 349.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hare, E. H. (1966) Mental health in new towns: what next? J. psychosomatic Res., 10, 53–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hare, E. H. & Shaw, G. K. (1965) Mental Health on a New Housing Estate. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hillman, M. (1975) Social and Planning Implications of Motorways. London: P.E.P.Google Scholar
Horowitz, M. J., Duff, D. F. & Stratton, L. O. (1964) Body-buffer zone. Arch. gen. Psychiat., 11, 651–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jephcott, P. (1971) Homes in High fiats. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.Google Scholar
Kahn, R. L. & Perlin, S. (1967) Dwelling unit density and use of mental health services. Proceedings of the 75th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, 175–6.Google Scholar
Kasl, S. V. (1977) The Effect of the Man-Made Environment on Health and Behavior. Atlanta: Center for Disease Control. U.S. Department of Health and Welfare.Google Scholar
Korte, C. D. (1976) The Effects of an Urban Environment on Social Behaviour. St Andrews: University of St Andrews.Google Scholar
Lee, T. (1976) Psychology and the Environment. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Leroy, C. (1974) Housing et Santé Mental. Psychiatr. Clin. (Basel), 7, 237–70.Google Scholar
Levy, L. & Rowitz, L. (1973) The Ecology of Mental Disorder. New York: Behavioral Publications.Google Scholar
Levy, L. & Herzog, A. N. (1974) Effects of population density and crowding on health and social adaptation in the Netherlands. J. of Health and Social Behaviour, 15, 228–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lipman, A. (1968) Territorial behaviour in the sitting rooms of four residential homes for old people. (Unpublished.) Quoted by Mercer (1975).Google Scholar
Lipowski, Z. J. (1975) Sensory and information inputs overload: behavioral effects. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 16, 199221.Google Scholar
Loring, W. C. (1977) The Effect of the Man-Made Environment on Health and Behavior (eds Hinkle, L. E. and Loring, W. C.). Atlanta: Center for Disease Control, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.Google Scholar
McCarthy, D. & Saegert, S. (1976) Residential density, social overload and social withdrawal. Human Ecology.Google Scholar
McLean, E. K. & Tarnopolosky, A. (1977) Noise, discomfort and mental health. Psychological Medicine, 7, 1962.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marks, I. M. (1969) Fears and Phobias. London: Heinemann.Google Scholar
Martin, F. M., Brotherston, J. H. F. & Chave, S. P. W. (1957) The incidence of neurosis in a new housing estate. Brit. J. prev. soc. Med., 11, 196202.Google Scholar
Mercer, C. (1975) Living in Cities: Psychology and Urban Environment. Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
Milgram, S. (1970) The experience of living in cities. Science, 167, 1461–8.Google Scholar
Moore, N. C. (1974) Psychiatric illness and living in flats. Brit. J. Psychiat., 125, 500–7.Google Scholar
Moore, N. C. (1975) Social aspects of flat dwellings. Public Health, 89, 109–15.Google Scholar
Moore, N. C. (1976) The personality and mental health of flat dwellers. Brit. J. Psychiat., 128, 259–61.Google Scholar
Morgan, H. G., Pocock, H. & Pottle, S. (1975) The urban distribution of non-fatal deliberate self-harm. Brit. J. Psychiat., 126, 139328.Google Scholar
Myerson, A. (1940) Review of Mental Disorders in Urban Areas. American Journal of Psychiatry, 96, 995–7.Google Scholar
Newman, O. (1975) Reactions to the ‘defensible spa study and some further findings. Int. J. ment. Health, 4870.Google Scholar
Philip, A. E. (1974) Urban Environments and Mental Hea Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press.Google Scholar
Rutter, M., Yule, B., Quinton, D., Rowlands, Yule W. & Berger, M. (1974) Attainment a adjustment in two geographical areas. III. Brit. Psychiat., 125, 520–33.Google Scholar
Sainsbury, P. (1955) Suicide in London. Maudsley Morgraph No. 1. London: Chapman and Hall.Google Scholar
Schmitt, R. C. (1963) Implications of density in Ho Kong. J. of the Amer. Inst. of Planners, 29, 210–17.Google Scholar
Schmitt, R. C. (1966) Density, health and social disorganizati J. of the Amer. Inst. of Planners, 32, 3840.Google Scholar
Simmel, G. (1903) The Sociology of Georg Simmel. New Yo Free Press (1950).Google Scholar
Sommer, R. (1969) Personal Space. Englewood Cliffs, N. Prentice Hall. Google Scholar
Srole, L., Langner, T. S., Michael, T., Opler, M. & Rennie, T. A. C. (1962) Mental Health in Metropolis. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Stewart, W. F. R. (1970) Children in Flats—A Fam Study. London: NSPCC.Google Scholar
Swedish Government (1971) Urban Conglomerates Psycho-Social Human Stressors. A report to the Conference on the Human Environment, Stockhol Google Scholar
Taylor, S. (1938) Suburban neurosis. Lancet, i, 759–61Google Scholar
Taylor, Lord & Chave, S. P. W. (1964) Mental Hea and Environment. London: Longmans.Google Scholar
Wing, J. K. (1977) Mental health in urban environmen In Man in Urban Environments (eds Harrison, G. A. Gibson, J. B.). London: Oxford University Press. Google Scholar
Willmott, P. (1974) Population and community London. New Society, 30, 206–9.Google Scholar
Young, M. & Willmott, P. (1958) Family and Kinship East London. London: Routledge and Kegal Paul. Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.