Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T19:32:41.689Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Mental Health in Africa: II. the Nature of Mental Disorder in Africa Today

Some Clinical Observations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

G. Allen German*
Affiliation:
University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009

Extract

Aspects of clinical psychiatric syndromes described in Africa which are discussed include the issue of schizophrenic disorders having a better prognosis in developing countries; controversy over this is by no means at an end. There is an increasing realisation as to the frequency of affective disorders in Africa; while somatisation is common, cherished beliefs, such as the absence of guilt, have not been confirmed by more recent research. Nor is suicide as infrequent as has been suggested. The relationship of background physiological abnormalities of cerebral functioning may be relevant to some of the clinical issues that are currently under discussion in African psychiatry.

Type
Review Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1987 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Assael, M. & German, G. A. (1970) Changing society and mental health in Eastern Africa. Israeli Annals of Psychiatry and Related Disciplines, 8, 5274.Google Scholar
Assael, M. & German, G. A., Namboze, J. M., German, G. A. & Bennett, F. J. (1972) Psychiatric disturbances during pregnancy in a rural group of African women. Social Science and Medicine, 6, 387395.Google Scholar
Asuni, T. (1961) Suicide in Western Nigeria. In First Pan-African Psychiatric Conference Report (ed. T. A. Lambo). Abeokuta, Nigeria: Ministry of Health.Google Scholar
Binitie, A. (1975) A factor-analytical study of depression across cultures (African and European). British Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 559563.Google Scholar
Binitie, A. (1981) Psychiatric disorders in a rural practice in the Bendel State of Nigeria. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 64, 273280.Google Scholar
Boroffka, A. (1964) Psychiatrie in Nigeria. Zentralblatt für die gesamte Neurologic und Psychiatrie, 176, 103104.Google Scholar
Carothers, J. C. (1953) The African Mind in Health and Disease: A Study of Ethnopsychiatry. Monograph series. No. 17. Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Cox, J. L. (1979) Psychiatric morbidity and pregnancy: a controlled study of 263 semi-rural Ugandan women. Psychiatry, 134, 401405.Google Scholar
Day, R. (1980) Research on the Course and Outcome of Schizophrenia in Traditional Cultures: Some Potential Implications for Psychiatry in the Developing Countries. Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Dembovitz, N. (1945) Psychiatry amongst West African troops. Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps, 84, 7074.Google Scholar
Fallers, L. A. & Fallers, M. C. (1960) Homicide and suicide in Busoga. In African Homicide and Suicide (ed. P. Bohannan). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Field, M. J. (1960) Search for Security. An Ethno-Psychiatric Study of Rural Ghana. London: Faber & Faber.Google Scholar
Fortes, M. & Mayer, D. Y. (1969) Psychosis and social change among the Tallensi of Northern Ghana. In Psychiatry in a Changing Society (eds S. H. Foulkes & G. S. Prince). London: Tavistock.Google Scholar
German, G. A. & Arya, O. P. (1969) Psychiatric morbidity amongst a Ugandan student population. British Journal of Psychiatry, 115, 13231329.Google Scholar
German, G. A. & Arya, O. P. (1972) Aspects of clinical psychiatry in sub-Saharan Africa. British Journal of Psychiatry, 121, 461479.Google Scholar
German, G. A. & Arya, O. P. (1979) The psychiatric aspects of tropical disorders. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 57, 359371.Google Scholar
German, G. A. & Arya, O. P., Orley, J., Katz, M. & Price, B. (1980) Training for Mental Health Care in Africa. Mental Health Division mimeograph, Geneva: World Health Organisation.Google Scholar
Giel, R. & Van Luijk, J. N. (1969) Psychiatric morbidity in a small Ethiopian town. British Journal of Psychiatry, 115, 149162.Google Scholar
Harris, B. (1981) ‘Maternity blues' in East African clinic attenders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 12931295.Google Scholar
Haworth, A. (1968) Schizophrenia, hysteria and other barriers to communication. In Deuxième Colloque Africain de Psychiatrie. Paris: University of Dakar Press.Google Scholar
Jegede, R. O. (1980) Personality and mental health characteristics of Nigerian university students. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 61, 6780.Google Scholar
Jilek, W. G. & Jilek-Aall, L. (1970) Transient psychoses in Africans. Psychiatrica Clinica, 3, 337364.Google Scholar
Kidd, C. B. & Caldbeck-Meenan, J. (1966) Psychiatric morbidity among students at two different universities. British Journal of Psychiatry, 112, 5764.Google Scholar
Kumar, R. & Robson, K. (1978) Neurotic disturbance during pregnancy and the puerperium: preliminary report of a prospective study of 119 primiparae. In Mental Illness in Pregnancy and the Puerperium. (ed. M. Sandler). London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lambo, T. A. (1955) The role of cultural factors in paranoid psychoses among the Yoruba. Journal of Mental Science, 101, 239265.Google Scholar
Lambo, T. A. (1960) Further neuropsychiatric observations in Nigeria. British Medical Journal, ii, 124.Google Scholar
Laubscher, B. J. F. (1937) Sex, Custom and Psychopathology: A Study of South African Pagan Natives. London: G. Routledge.Google Scholar
Leighton, A. M., Lambo, T. A., Hughes, C. C., Leighton, D. C., Murphy, J. M. & Macklin, D. B. (1963) Psychiatric Disorder Amongst the Yoruba. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Luria, R. E. & McHugh, P. R. (1974) Reliability and clinical utility of the “Wing” present state examination. Archives of General Psychiatry, 30, 866871.Google Scholar
Mbanefo, S. E. (1971) The general practitioner and psychiatry. In Psychiatry and Mental Health Care in General Practice. Ibadan: University of Ibadan, Department of Psychiatry and Neurology.Google Scholar
Murphy, J. M. (1976) Psychiatric labelling in cross-cultural perspective. Science, 191, 10191028.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ndetei, D. M. & Muhangi, J. (1979) The prevalence and clinical presentation of psychiatric illness in a rural setting in Kenya. British Journal of Psychiatry, 135, 269272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nilsson, A. & Almgren, P. E. (1970) Paranatal emotional adjustment: a prospective investigation of 165 women. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, suppl. 220.Google Scholar
Orley, J. H. (1970) Culture and Mental Illness. Nairobi: East African Publishing House.Google Scholar
Orley, J. H. & Wing, J. K. (1979) Psychiatric disorders in two African villages. Archives of General Psychiatry, 36, 513520.Google Scholar
Oshodin, O. G. (1980) Alcohol abuse among high school students in Benin City, Nigeria. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 7, 141145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oshodin, O. G. (1981) Alcohol abuse: a case study of secondary school students in a rural area of Benin District, Nigeria. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 8, 207213.Google Scholar
Prince, R. (1968) The changing picture of depressive syndromes in Africa. Is it fact or diagnostic fashion? Canadian Journal of African Studies, 1, 177192.Google Scholar
Rwegellera, G. G. C. (1977) Diagnostic classification of first-ever admissions to Chainama Hills Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 130, 573580.Google Scholar
Rwegellera, G. G. C. (1978) Suicide rates in Lusaka, Zambia: preliminary observations. Psychological Medicine, 8, 423432.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Segal, B. E. (1966) Epidemiology of emotional disturbance among college undergraduates: a review and analysis. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 143, 348362.Google Scholar
Shelley, H. M. & Watson, W. H. (1936) An investigation concerning mental disorder in the Nyasaland natives. Journal of Mental Science, 82, 701730.Google Scholar
Shepherd, M., Cooper, B., Brown, A. C. & Kalton, G. W. (1966) Psychiatric Illness in General Practice. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, F. (1982) Alcohol and alcoholism. British Medical Journal, 284, 183185.Google Scholar
Tewfik, G. I. (1958) Problems of mental illness in Uganda. In Mental Disorders and Mental Health in Africa South of the Sahara. CCTA/CSA-WFMH-WHO. Meeting of specialists on mental health, Publication No. 35 CCTA/CSA, London.Google Scholar
Tooth, G. (1950) Studies in Mental Illness in the Gold Coast. Colonial research publications No. 6. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Vyncke, J. C. (1957) Psychoses et Neuroses en Afrique Centrale. Brussells: Académie royale des sciences coloniales, classe des sciences naturelles et médicales.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1973) International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1975) Schizophrenia: A Multinational Study. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1978) The WHO Medium-Term Mental Health Programme 1975–1982. Interim Report. Division of Mental Health. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1978) Mental Disorders: Glossary and Guide to their Classification in Accordance with the Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9). Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
Wing, J. K. & Sturt, E. (1978) The PSE-ID-Catego System Supplementary Manual. London: Medical Research Council Social Psychiatry Unit.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.