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Overexcitement and Disinhibition

Dynamic Neurotransmitter Interactions in Alcohol Withdrawal

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Paul Glue  and
David Nutt
Paul Glue*
Affiliation:
Reckitt and Colman Psychopharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, The Medical School, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD
David Nutt
Affiliation:
Reckitt and Colman Psychopharmacology Unit, Bristol
*
∗Correspondence
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Abstract

In alcohol withdrawal, abnormalities occur in a number of neurotransmitter systems: there is reduced inhibitory function, and increased activity of excitatory systems. The former, indicated by reduced GABA and alpha-2-adrenoceptor activity, acts in conjunction with, and is exacerbated by, the latter, which itself may be due to the potentiation of NMDA activity by depletion of magnesium, and overactivity of catecholaminergic and CRF neurones. These dysfunctions produce immediate effects and may also contribute to the long-term changes in brain excitability by a kindling-like process. It is possible that early and active treatment may oppose this process. Present strategies for treatment of alcohol withdrawal enhance GABA and alpha-2 inhibitory, or reduce excitatory, mechanisms. Future possibilities include the use of CRF and/or NMDA antagonists.

Type
Review Article
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 157 , Issue 4 , October 1990 , pp. 491 - 499
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1990 

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