Hostname: page-component-84b7d79bbc-7nlkj Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-29T06:30:15.388Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

‘Contestability’ in Competitive Tendering and Contracting: A Critique

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2023

Kuru Pancharatnam*
Affiliation:
Social Policy Research Centre, University of NSW

Abstract

Academic and policy discourse about Competitive Tendering and Contracting (CTC) derives its intellectual legitimacy from the theory of contestable markets. Applying contestability to CTC implies that efficiency gains generated through the initial open tender are repeated at successive stages of tendering. This paper presents a theoretically and pragmatically grounded critique of the application of this theory to CTC by focusing on the Re-Opened Tender (ROT) stage. Working within the neo-classical economic paradigm, contestability will be shown to be constrained at ROT, resulting in the most inefficient and worst possible welfare outcome for the buyer.

Type
Symposium on Outsourcing
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

Research was originally undertaken in the School of Social Science and Policy, University of NSW. I thank Peter Kriesler for his comments and suggestions. I also benefited from the suggestions of Tony Eardley, George Matheson and an anonymous referee. The usual disclaimer applies.

References

Aghion, P. and Bolton, P. (1987) ‘Contracts as a Barrier to Entry’, The American Economic Review, 77 (3), pp 388401 Google Scholar
Agliardi, E (1990) ‘On the Robustness of Contestability Theory’, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 8, pp 485490 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baumol, W. and Willig, R. (1986) ‘Contestability: Developments Since the Book’ Oxford Economic Papers, 38, Clarendon Press, pp 936 Google Scholar
Baumol, W (1982) ‘Contestable Markets: An Uprising in the Theory of Industry Structure’, The American Economic Review, 72 (1), pp 115 Google Scholar
Baumol, W., Panzar, J. and Willig, R. (1982) Contestable Markets and the Theory of Industry Structure, Harcourt Brace and Jovanovich Google Scholar
Baumol, W., Panzar, J. and Willig, R. (1983) ‘Contestable Markets: An Uprising in the Theory of Industry Structure: Reply’, The American Economic Review, 73(3) pp 491–96Google Scholar
Brock, W (1983) ‘Contestable Markets and the Theory of Industry Structure: A Review Article’, Journal of Political Economy, 91 (6), pp 1055–66CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caves, R. and Porter, M. (1976) ‘Barriers to Exit’, in Masson, R. and Qualls, D. Essays in Industrial Organization in Honour of Joe. S. Bain, Cambridge: Balinger Google Scholar
Demsetz, H (1968) ‘Why Regulate Utilities’, Journal of Law and Economics, 11, pp 5565 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixit, A (1980) ‘The Role of Investment in Entry Deterrence’, The Economic Journal, 90, pp 96107 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Domberger, S (1998) The Contracting Organization: A Strategic Guide to Outsourcing, Oxford University Press, UK CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Domberger, S. and Jensen, P. (1997) ‘Contracting Out By The Public Sector: Theory, Evidence, Prospects’, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 12 (4) pp 6778 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Domberger, S (1996) Contracting Out: A Phenomena in Search of a Theory, Industry Economics Conference Paper, The Australian National University, July 45 Google Scholar
Domberger, S (1994) ‘Public Sector Contracting: Does it Work?, The Australian Economic Review, 3rd QuarterCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Independent Committee of Inquiry (1993) National Competition Policy, AGPS Google Scholar
Farrell, J. and Shapiro, C. (1989) ‘Optimal Contracts With Lock-In’, The American Economic Review, 79 (1)Google Scholar
Gilbert, R (1989) ‘The Role of Potential Competition in Industrial Organization’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3 (3), SummerCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hindess, B (1998) ‘Neo-Liberalism and the National Economy’, in Dean, M. and Hindess, B. (eds.), Governing Australia, Cambridge University Press Google Scholar
Industry Commission. (1996) Competitive Tendering and Contracting by Public Sector Agencies, Report No. 48, AGPS Google Scholar
Joskow, P (1993) ‘Asset Specificity and the Structure of Vertical Relationships: Empirical Evidence’, in Williamson, O. and Winter, S. (eds.), The Nature of the Finn, Oxford University Press Google Scholar
Klien, B., Crawford, R. and Alchian, A. (1978) ‘Vertical Integration, Appropriable Rents and the Competitive Contracting Process’, Journal of Law and Economics, 21Google Scholar
Klien, B. and Leffler, K. (1981) ‘The Role of Market Forces in Assuring Contractual Performance’, Journal of Political Economy, 89 (4), AugustGoogle Scholar
New South Wales Government (1996) ‘Public Sector Management (Goods and Services) Regulation’, under NSW Public Sector Management Act 1988.Google Scholar
Pancharatnam, K (1997) ‘The Consequences of Contracting Out the Prospect Water Filtration Plant’, Economic Papers, 16 (1)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paddon, M. and Thanki, R. (1995) Australia’s Contracting of Public Services, PSRC Collected Papers No 2, Public Sector Research Centre, University of NSW Google Scholar
Quiggin, J (1996a) ‘Private Sector Involvement in Infrastructure Projects’, Australian Economic Review, Quarter 1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quiggin, J (1996b) ‘Competitive Tendering and Contracting in the Australian Public Sector’, Australian Journal of Public Administration, 55 (3), SeptemberCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quiggin, J (1996c) Great Expectations, Allen & Unwin Google Scholar
Rimmer, S (1998) ‘Competitive Tendering and Outsourcing - Initiatives and Methods’, Australian Journal of Public Administration, 57 (4), December, 7584 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rimmer, S (1994) ‘Competitive Tendering and Contracting Out: Theory and Research’, The Australian Economic Review, 3rd QuarterCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rimmer, S (1991) ‘Competitive Tendering and Contracting Out and Franchising: Key Concepts and Issues’, Australian Journal of Public Administration, 50 (3), SeptemberCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, J (1953) ‘A Lecture Delivered at Oxford by a Cambridge Economist’, in Robinson, J. (1973), Collected Economic Papers, 4, Basil Blackwell Google Scholar
Robinson, J (1974); ‘History verses Equilibrium’, in Robinson, J. (1973), Collected Economic Papers, 5, Basil Blackwell Google Scholar
Schwartz, M (1986) ‘The Nature and Scope of Contestability Theory’, Oxford Economic Papers, 38, Clarendon Press, pp 3757 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, M. and Reynolds, R (1983) ‘Contestable Markets: An Uprising in the Theory of Industry Structure: Comment’, American Economic Review, 73 (3), pp 488–89Google Scholar
Shepherd, W (1995) ‘Contestability vs Competition- Once More, Land Economics, 71 (3), pp 299309 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shepherd, W (1990) ‘Potential Competition versus Actual Competition’, Administrative Law Review, 42, WinterGoogle Scholar
Shepherd, W (1984) ‘Contestability Vs Competition’, The American Economic Review, 74 (4), pp 572587 Google Scholar
Stiglitz, J (1987) ‘Technological Change, Sunk Costs, and Competition’, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 3, pp 883937 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vivekananda, S[1895 (1997)], ‘Inspired Talks’, The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda, Vol 7, Advaita Ashrama Google Scholar
Weitzman, M (1983), ‘Contestable Markets: An Uprising in the Theory of Industry Structure. Comment, The Amencan Economic Review, 73 (3), pp 486–87Google Scholar
Wiliamson, O (1993) ‘The Logic of Economic Organization’, in Williamson, O. and Winter, S., (eds.), The Nature of the Firm, Oxford University Press Google Scholar
Williamson, O (1986) Economic Organization, Wheatsheaf Books, UK Google Scholar
Williamson, O (1985) Economic Institutions of Capitalism, Free Press, New York Google Scholar
Williamson, O. (1983) ‘Credible Commitments: Using Hostages to Support Exchange, The American Economic Review, 73 (4)Google Scholar
Williamson, O (1979) ‘Transactions Costs Economics: The Governance of Contractual Relations, Journal of Law and Economics, 22 (2) October, pp 233–61CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilig, R (1991) ‘Contestable Markets’, in Eatwell, J., Milgate, M. and Newman, P. (eds.), The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1, Macmillan Google Scholar
Yeatman, A (1998) ‘Interpreting Contemporary Contractualism’, in Dean, M. and Hindess, B (eds.), Governing Australia, Cambridge University Press Google Scholar