¹ Rigg, A. G., A History of Anglo-Latin Literature 1066–1422 (Cambridge, 1992), 259–65. These poems have taken me into many strange areas in which I have no expertise. I am grateful for advice on specialized topics to: Isabelle Cochelin, Marace Dareau, Greti Dinkova-Bruun, Jocelyn Hillgarth, David Howlett, Andrew Hughes, David Klausner, Brian Merrilees, Mark Meyerson, Giulio Silano, Robert Sinkewicz, and D. E. R. Watt. The texts are printed by kind permission of the British Library and the Bodleian Library.Google Scholar

The following abbreviations are used: Google Scholar

DNB = Dictionary of National Biography Google Scholar

ME = Middle English Google Scholar

MED = Middle English Dictionary Google Scholar

Walther, , Initia = Walther, H., Initia carminum ac versuum medii aevi posterioris latinorum, 2 d ed. (Göttingen, 1969).Google Scholar

For full references to medieval chronicles cited, see n. 8 below; for John of Bridlington, see n. 13 below.Google Scholar

² Wright, T., Political Poems and Songs Relating to English History from the Accession of Edward III to that of Richard II, 2 vols., Rolls Series (London, 1859–61) 1:26–51.Google Scholar

³ At first he writes cautiously: “I have here … intentionally been sparing in transferring the reading of one copy to the other, because I think these readings may often express the particular opinion or sentiment of the individual from whom the copy came.” Elsewhere, however, he adds notes such as “supplied from” or “omitted in,” suggesting simply careless copying. When lines are in a different order, he writes (for example), “MS B here adds the following lines, made up partly of lines omitted elsewhere.” He does not seem to have considered the possibility of two versions.Google Scholar

⁴ Piers Plowman. A Facsimile of the Z-Text in Bodleian Library, Oxford, MS Bodley 851, intro. Brewer, C. and Rigg, A. G. (Cambridge, 1994), 23–42, a revised version of my “Medieval Latin Poetic Anthologies (II),” Mediaeval Studies 40 (1978): 387–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁵ Rigg, A. G., “Medieval Latin Poetic Anthologies (I),” Mediaeval Studies 39 (1977): 281–330, on 285–309.Google Scholar

⁶ Ibid., 309–24.Google Scholar

⁷ Ibid., 324–30, and further Rigg, A. G., Gawain on Marriage: The Textual Tradition of the De coniuge non ducenda, with Critical Edition and Translation , Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, Studies and Texts 79 (Toronto, 1986), esp. 29–31. In the few cases where Rb has a reading superior to Tx, it is possible to allow for intelligent correction.Google Scholar

⁸ Chroniques de J. Froissart, ed. Luce, S., esp. vols. 1–4 (Paris, 1869–73); Knighton's Chronicle 1337–1396 , ed. and trans. Martin, G. H. (Oxford, 1995); de Murimuth, Adam, Continuatio chronicarum and de Avesbury, Robert, De gestis mirabilibus regis Edwardi tertii, ed. Thompson, E. M., Rolls Series (London, 1889); Bower, Walter, Scotichronicon, 13–14, ed. Scott, A. B. and Watt, D. E. R. (Aberdeen, 1996). Other chronicles, of course, mention the wars but none have as much detail as those listed.Google Scholar

⁹ Hilka, A., “Eine mittellateinische Dichterfehde: Versus Michaelis Cornubiensis contra Henricum Abrincensem,” in Mittelalterliche Handschriften: Paläographische, kunsthistorische, literarische und bibliotheksgeschichtliche Untersuchungen. Festgabe zum 60. Geburtstage von Hermann Degering, ed. Bömer, A. and Kirchner, J. (Leipzig, 1926; repr. Hildesheim / New York, 1973), 123–54; Rigg, A. G. and Binkley, P., “Two Poetic Debates by Henry of Avranches” (forthcoming in Medieval Studies).Google Scholar

¹⁰ For anti-Scottish poems 1138–1346, see Rigg, , History, 53, 96–97, 228–29, 244–45.Google Scholar

¹¹ See ibid., 259–68.Google Scholar

¹² Wright, , Political Poems, 1:58–91, esp., for the Normandy campaign and Neville's Cross, 75–80, 80–83, 83–87.Google Scholar

¹³ Ibid., 1:123–215; see Rigg, A. G., “John of Bridlington's Prophecy: A New Look,” Speculum 63 (1988): 596–613.Google Scholar

¹⁴ Rigg, , History, 313–29, esp. 319–22.Google Scholar

¹⁵ Wright, , Political Poems, 1:53–58.Google Scholar

Crecy: Gesta bellicosa excellentissimi principis domini Edwardi Wyndeshore regis Anglorum III et primo de bello Crescy et Nevylecrosse Rb Inuectio contra franciam Tx (Bale) 6 Amittis Bd Amoris TxRb 11 pretoris TxRb pretur’ Bd 12 regni sceptrum Bd septrum regni TxRb 14 Plura TxRb pauca Bd 15 et BdTx ut Rb 21 oculus Bd oculis TxRb 22 Hic Bd Dux TxRb 23 Es Bd O TxRb; Xerces Bd Persis TxRb .Google Scholar

26 ruende Bd 27 Multa Bd Multos TxRb 29 infestat BdTx incestat Rb 34 Culmis Bd Humeris TxRb; spicula Bd specula TxRb 35 miluis Bd melius TxRb; cillam Bd stillam Tx scillam Rb 39 Apro Bd Et pro Tx Ex pro Rb 41–44 apud BL MS Royal 13 A. xviii, fol. 211r (Wright, 40–41) 42 valorem Bd vigorem TxRb (Royal) 45 patitur Bd pariter TxRb; simulat BdRb simulac Tx 48 quid Bd quidem TxRb; visu BdRb nisu Tx corr. e. visu; nisu BdRb uisu Tx 48.1 uisus Rb ?nisus Tx; nisus Rb uisus Tx 50 pirgo Bd perirgo Tx, gl. punctus Rb 51 sunt Bd sint TxRb 52 ne Bd vel TxRb 52.3 coir Tx cur Rb 64 renuisti Bd repulisti TxRb 65 vite Bd uite Tx inte Rb; temporis Bd terreris TxRb 68 nudus Bd nudis TxRb 69 Romond Bd Rodland Tx Rowlond Rb 71 dicit Bd dicet TxRb; clymate Rb; chekmate Rb 72 lyueret Rb; fireth Bd firet Tx firret Rb 74.1 ostendet Rb 75 vittas TxRb vitas Bd 76 pennas Bd om. Tx Gallis Rb 77 inspirans Bd aspirans TxRb; a Bd a te TxRb 79 karismate Bd cum crismate TxRb Google Scholar

81 probus Bd aper TxRb 83 Est TxRb Es Bd 85 audax probus est Bd quia nobilis ut TxRb 87 limatus Bd lunatus Rb, ?Tx 90 bonus Bd pius TxRb 92 infortunia Bd fortunia TxRb 93 omni BdTx cum Rb 97 glodio Rb; furoris Bd feruoris TxRb 106 mercatur Bd donamus TxRb 107 es TxRb os Bd 109 honor et Bd virtus TxRb 110 probus Bd bonus TxRb 113 nato vel nate Rb 115 Lilia pubescunt Bd Alia rubescunt TxRb 116 iuncta Bd victa TxRb Google Scholar

117 Quondam BdRb Quodam Tx; ultra mare rex male Bd iuuenis rex trans mare TxRb 122 abesus Tx 126 Egro Rb; mox redibetur (= redhibetur) Bd contribuetur TxRb 127 carnate Bd cognate TxRb; regum Bd regis TxRb 128 mea Bd tua TxRb; legum Bd legis TxRb 129 sit TxRb sint Bd 131 eum decet TxRb eius deor Bd 132 clodonoo Rb 133 olio corr. e. solio Tx; culmie Bd 135 ac = hac (TxRb) 138 fuit unccio sic Bd sic unccio fit TxRb 143 aufert Tx 144 aufer Tx 145 aufert Tx Google Scholar

146 earum Bd eorum TxRb 147 timescunt Bd tumescunt TxRb 147.2 tiro Tx cyro vel tyro Rb 147.3 secum] sequm Tx 147.5 secum] cecum Tx 147.6 cecum scripsi, secum TxRb 149 corda timebunt Bd gaudia flebunt TxRb 149.3 sardane palle] gl. nomen cuiusdam utentis mollibus lectis Rb 149.6 camaleonte Rb 151 glis ingnis Bd ignis glis TxRb 152 Apro TxRb Apre Bd 156 Capech Bd Capoth TxRb 157 lex Bd rex TxRb 158 Capech Bd Capoth Tx Caphoth Rb 160 ille Bd ipse TxRb 161 Cantus Tx; domine Tx 162 Pipino TxRb pupino Bd Google Scholar

165 inmoderatus Bd insimulatus TxRb 166 Consensit Bd Consentit TxRb 167 Succedat Bd Succedit TxRb 168 suorum TxRb duorum Bd 169 tangit Bd tangat TxRb 170 plane TxRb pane Bd 172 Salphad Bd Salphays Tx Salphais Rb; nm. 27 marg. Bd 173 Ad ius Bd Iuri TxRb; ?vindicat Tx 173.1 Postulat Rb Postulant Tx; rem] r? exp. Rb 175 Fraux = Fraus (TxRb); iura Bd iure TxRb 176 omnes Bd plebem TxRb 177 ebet = hebet (TxRb) 178 Summo … quod Bd Lex a rege datur domino TxRb 179 bene om. Bd 180 succedet Bd succedit quia TxRb 182 prudens ad finem lineae Tx 184 philippbi Rb 186 Eius BdRb Eo Tx; ruerunt Bd fuerunt TxRb 187 et patres Bd ac pueris TxRb 190 sanguine Bd sub vice TxRb 191 fiat Tx Google Scholar

196 Audiuit Bd Audiui TxRb; Lodewyci Bd Lodewici Tx Lodowyci Rb 197 rex om. Tx 198 nos Bd in hoc TxRb; lodowyco Bd lodewico Tx lodowico Rb 200 tibi Bd et TxRb 201 tante Bd tanta TxRb 202 desere corr. e deferre Tx 205 Parce¹] om. Tx; parcis honori BdTx parce vigori Rb 206 Sit tibi mens Bd Sint tua iux (corr. e ius) Tx sint tua ius Rb 208 eris Bd heris TxRb 210 regina rosa mundi Bd regna mundi rosa Tx regina mundi rosa Rb 214 ogges in ogus Bd hogges et koghes Tx hoggys et kogghes Rb 223B Edwardum Bd 223T Karnaryvan Rb; morti insert. post vel ante se Rb 224 povsi pouci Bd pos cy pes cy TxRb; virtutis Bd probitatis TxRb 226 poici poici Bd pos cy pes cy TxRb Google Scholar

227 Deuicit uos Bd Demisit (Dem'i'sit Rb) nos TxRb 228 Cressi Bd Christi TxRb 231 in sortes scripsi insortes Bd in fortes TxRb 233 Miro Rb; sentit Bd sensit TxRb 233.1 regu Tx; nulla] canc. ?cui sup. lin. Rb 234 Nobilis illustris Bd Vir super illustres (-is Rb) TxRb 235 Vir probus Bd Prouidus TxRb; in Bd ad TxRb 238 aufugit Bd affugit TxRb 239 campo Bd bello TxRb; remeando BdTx remouendo Rb 243 Deo BdRb de Tx 250 Senachereb Tx; Nabugodenosor Tx 251–68 Ubi ve rb a apud Bd ob incausti defectum discerni non possunt, nonullae lectiones e Tx sumuntur. 251 Antiochum Bd Ancheochum Tx Antheochum Rb; doleas Tx deleas Rb; pharonem Tx 253 ceciderunt Bd perierunt TxRb Google Scholar

257 Mites et Bd Pacifici TxRb 260 pauor Rb prauor Tx 264 Transit Tx 267.3 Om. Rb 268 timor ? exp. Tx; spes BdRb species Tx 271 pungant scripsi pugnant BdTxRb 272 Kaleys Bd Valeys TxRb; i. ante crudelis Tx 273 Fit Bd Es TxRb 275 sint Bd sunt TxRb 276 Multa peremisti Bd Multos cepisti TxRb 277 melediccio Rb 278 pateris que iuste Bd pacieris iure TxRb 279 Linea in margine Rb; occideris rapieris Bd incenderis perimeris TxRb 282 honos Bd honor TxRb 285 ?langues Tx Google Scholar

290 dapna Tx; que Bd qui TxRb 292 〈ve〉rsus hic deficit in marg. Rb (propter defectum assonantiae); ditat scripsi dicat Bd 301 pacificus Bd munificus TxRb; apricus gl. floridus Rb 302 godericus TxRb 304 notus TxRb votus Bd 305 ut BdRb et Tx 306 fraude mundi Rb 310 Rex treugas TxRb pereas pereas Tx pereas per eas Rb 313 honoris Tx 314 morte Bd more TxRb 315 dic duc Bd duc dic TxRb; bene dic BdRb bene duc Tx 316 unde Bd bene TxRb; fructus BdTx Francorum Rb 323 cum certamine sitis vieti Bd qui sunt vieti quasi picti TxRb 325 Anglica Bd Anglia TxRb Google Scholar

327 pauper om. Tx (cum lacuna) Anglis Rb 328 Christo canc. Rb ?Christi sup. lin.; stes Bd speres TxRb 329 Nostro Bd Nostris TxRb; precarus Bd prectaris corr. e plectaris Tx preclaris Rb; sit Bd fit TxRb; Omarus Bd amarus TxRb 330 genti sit Bd gentis fit TxRb 332 sibi TxRb tibi Bd Explicit Bd .Google Scholar

Durham: Incipit bellum Scocie ‘apud Dwram’ ubi Dauid rex Scotorum per excellentissimum principem dominum Edwardum tercium regem Anglie fuit captus cum aliis Rb De bello Scotie ubi Dauid Brus erat captus Tx (Bale) 0.1 hinnit gl. ut equus Rb 0.2 dehonorat Tx dishonorat Rb 0.8 perde Tx 0.9 metui's’ Rb metuus Tx 0.11 era Tx; cecus²] secus Tx; iniuit] emit Tx 0.12 abene = habene (Rb) 0.13 verus scripsi] om. TxRb; rex] rex Edward Rb 0.14 tibi Tx sibi Rb 0.15 cecidi Tx 0.16 rugidus Tx 0.18 tua] cua Tx 0.20 sint Tx sunt Rb; Jesu] dee add. sup. lin. Rb 0.22–23 in margine Rb .Google Scholar

1 Corde Tx 3 Scotis TxRb Scoti Bd 4 surgunt Bd crescunt TxRb 5 Turbo Dauid care brus Bd Tutus brus care cum TxRb 6 vorare TxRb vocare Bd 8 male Bd sic TxRb; nequid = nequit (TxRb) 9 intentans Bd intendens TxRb 13 fiant Bd sunt ‘sint’ Tx sunt sint Rb 14 Fraude nigra Bd Felle nigro TxRb; gebar Bd gebal TxRb; assur om. TxRb 15 proprias abiit Bd abiit noster TxRb 17 Falso Bd False TxRb 20T cito exp. Rb; et] velut et Rb 23 spoliant Bd vastant TxRb 24 capiunt Bd rapiunt TxRb Google Scholar

32 dure Bd dire TxRb 34 certi scripsi] referti Bd 35 boream Bd bonam Tx terram Rb 36 consertam BdTx confertam Rb; virtutis Bd probitatis TxRb 36.4 insultus Rb insultis corr. e insulter Tx; au‘c’ tos corr. e autos Rb 36.5 reprendit Tx 36.10 autrix = auctrix (Rb) 38 Nolentes Bd ?Dolentes Tx Dolentes Rb 41 et equitate Bd in probitate TxRb 44 Christi nos Bd nos Christi TxRb 46 perire Tx 47 Actu Bd Arcu TxRb; fere suco Bd modo fuco TxRb 48 In Duram TxRb Indurant Bd 49 disperdere Bd dispergere TxRb 51 docet hos BdTx dicens Rb; et ? eras. Rb 53 Ydropici Bd Id repeti TxRb 54 potus Bd motus TxRb 55 malicia Bd milicia TxRb; perit TxRb periit Bd; perimuntur Bd moriuntur TxRb Google Scholar

57 seruus Rb; Olofernis Bd Olofernus Tx Holofernis Rb 61 borealis pacis scripsi percy paro pacis Bd pertiboro pacis Tx partis borealis Rb 62 constans Bd obstans TxRb 64 pietas Loth ars Bd Joab ars sensus TxRb 66.1 probet Tx; carcia] gl. agmina Rb 66.4 perimit Tx (cum nescioquo sup. lin.) mutus Rb 66.6 claro Rb 67 hecto Tx 68 fecit Scotos Bd Scotos fecit TxRb 68.1 Fortes Tx 69 suus ictus Bd bene pictus TxRb 70.2 sibi mala Tx mala percy Rb 70.7 Scotos] Scoto Tx; aues Rb auos Tx; falco Rb ? falce Tx 70.10 recidit = rescidit (Rb) 70.11 aquila ?in ras. Rb 72T frustabitur Rb Google Scholar

73 aufugit Bd] corr. e affugit Tx auffugit Rb; quasi BdTx contra Rb 74 Caplond Rb; tingit Bd cingit TxRb 75T Capland Rb 76 Brus Bd Rex TxRb; honos Rb 77 licuit captum TxRb 79 Caplond Rb; erat autem John scripsi haesitans est gr’ John Bd est Johannes Tx Johannes est corr. e est Johannes Rb 81 cape TxRb capere Bd 85 Dauid fuit hic et Bd fuit expers est Bruys TxRb 89 Post hoc Tx scripsit 105–6 cum notatione in margine “isti versus deberent poni ad tale signum” (videlicet post 104) 90 oleum mirum Bd olei feces TxRb 91 baptisatur … maculatur TxRb baptisatus … maculatus Bd 92 Brus Bd Nam TxRb 92.1 Fat Tx 93 Distentis Bd Discinctus TxRb; fetens Bd mirum TxRb 94 Stercora diffudit Bd Optulit et fudit TxRb 95 thus aurum Bd the-saurum TxRb; ille Bd iste TxRb 98 Dei Bd tamen TxRb 99 fedo] corr. e fecusdo Tx fetido Rb; repletus Rb Google Scholar

103 prophetauit Bd prophanauit TxRb; sacra Bd templa TxRb 105 cum fonte sacro Bd cum stercoribus Tx mox stercoribus Rb 107 prophanarunt Bd prophetarunt TxRb 108 Sacrilege vere Bd Ex quo sincere TxRb 109 Dux Bd Rex TxRb 111 Brus Dauid Bd Filius TxRb 112 Stulte Bd Stupor TxRb; perdebat Bd modo perdit TxRb 115 vilissima Bd confusio TxRb 116 Ve Bd Sue vel Que Tx Set Rb 117 bona coniugii quia Bd quia coniugii bona TxRb 118.2 fugit Tx fugat Rb 119 tirie BdTx tyre Rb; hay BdTx hay hay Rb 120 verissima Bd tristissima TxRb 120.1 inuenere scripsi inuenire TxRb 121T nox Tx uox Rb 122T Scote Rb ?Scoto Tx 124 Tela Bd Wo(o) TxRb; primo Bd prima TxRb 125 tela Bd dona TxRb 126 riserunt Bd stetemnt TxRb; plura Bd tela Tx thela Rb 129 Presumens TxRb Post sumens Bd 136 nec TxRb hic Bd 139 hic scripsi] om. Bd 143 nos TxRb vos Bd 149 Londonias TxRb Louodouer Bd 150 votum BdRb notum Tx; dire Bd mire TxRb 150.1 nota Tx vota corr. e nota Rb 150.2 tumultus Rb timultus Tx 152 Turba Bd Turma TxRb 153 voto Tx 154 et ad hoc Bd et hoc Tx; ‘sed’ et hoc Rb 154.2 benedictum Tx benedictio Rb Google Scholar

155 venient Bd veniens Tx canc. Rb; votum inser. Rb sup. lin. ante dolebunt 158 sed … timebunt Bd se plus non posse tenebunt TxRb 158.2 boor Rb 158.3 pseudo Rb 158.7 reinuita TxRb reunita Wright 158.9 nitrum] gl. i. terra salsa Rb 158.18 V. Rb Viuit Tx 158.19 onallus] gl. proprium nomen Rb 159 dium] fortasse domini Rb 160 Explicit de bello Scocie ubi Dauid Brus fuit captus qui erat rex eorum et alii magnates Tx Amen Rb 163 Quod scripsi Qui Bd 171 medicantur Bd Google Scholar

174 Seui scripsi Se in Bd 175 amare Bd 178 timor Bd Google Scholar

Epilogue (TxRb): 1–30 post Dunbar Tx; 1–10 post Crecy Rb; Numerus annorum et interfectorum in bello de Crescy Rb 4 Vescy … Crescy Rb 5 duardum sup. E; hilippo sup. P Rb 6 pereunt Rb 11–18 post Dunbar Rb; Numerus interfectorum in bello et dies belli et conclusio finalis Rb 13 noue] nomen Rb 18 ibi Tx sibi Rb; Explicit bellum Rb 19–30 post “Ludere volentibus” (Rb No. 8) Rb 29 Dowglas Rb 30 Isti versus sunt de bellis de Cressi et de Neuile Cros Tx .Google Scholar