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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 29 July 2016
Valentino da Camerino is the only one of the teachers of Thomas de Vio Cajetan to be expressly mentioned by any of Cajetan's earliest biographers. Indeed, he is mentioned by only one of these, Bartolomeo Spina da Pisa. Spina had been commissioned by Cajetan to oversee the publication of the first edition of his commentary on the Pars Secunda Secundae of Aquinas's Summa Theologiae. When the work appeared on 20 August 1518, it included a preface by Spina which is largely biographical in content and laudatory in tone. The reference to Valentino as having been Cajetan's teacher was clearly intended as a compliment to Cajetan and testifies to the kind of reputation that Valentino must have enjoyed even after his death in 1515.
1 “Sacrae nempe Praedicatorum religionis, non nisi sapientiam toto orbe resonantis instituto, iuvenis admodum, Deo initiatus, dum haud quamquam segniter virtutum actibus adipiscendisque litteris sese totum impenderet, praeceptorem eiusdem professionis aevo illo philosophorum ac theologorum sapientissimum, Valentinum Perusia oriundum eidem Dominus praeparavit, sub cuius magisterio brevi dierum spatio sic harum scientiarum assecutus est apicem ac culmen conscendit, ut id adolescens adipisceretur honoris quod non nisi veterani milites vix reportant.” Cited by M.-H. Laurent, “Les premières biographies de Cajétan,” Revue Thomiste (1934), Suppl.: 450.Google Scholar
The following abbreviations will be employed: AFP = Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum (Rome, 1930–); AGOP IV = Archivio Generale Domenicano (Convento di Santa Sabina, Rome), MS series IV: “Registra Magistrorum ac Procuratorum Generalium Ordinis Praedicatorum”; Brotto-Zonta, Facoltà = Brotto, G. and Zonta, G., La facoltà teologica dell'Università di Padova. I (secoli XIV e XV) (Padua, 1922); Contarini, Notizie = Contarini, G. Notizie storiche circa li pubblici professori nello studio di Padova scelti dall'ordine di San Domenico (Venice, 1769); Gargan, Studio = Gargan, L., Lo studio teologico e la biblioteca dei Domenicani a Padova nel Tre e Quattrocento (Padua, 1971); Masetti, Monumenta = P.-T. Masetti, Monumenta et antiquitates veteris disciplinae Ordinis Praedicatorum in Romana Provincia, vol. 1 (Rome, 1864); MOPH = Monumenta Ordinis Praedicatorum Historica (Rome, 1896–).Google Scholar
2 “Magister Valentinus Camers, magne scientie vir, nonnulla insignia volumina composuit.” See Creytens, R., “Les écrivains dominicains dans la chronique d'Albert de Castello (1516),” AFP 30 (1960): 289.Google Scholar
3 “Valentinus Camer Perusino baiulans utrisque manibus commentaria super Methaphysicam Aristotelis cum nonnullis aliis opusculis egregiis qui anno elapso Perusii uita excessit.” De viris illustribus Ordinis Praedicatorum (Bologna, 1517), fol. 154r.Google Scholar
4 Quétif, J. and Echard, J., Scriptores Ordinis Praedicatorum (Paris, 1719–21), 2:32; Contarini, Notizie, 137–39; Masetti, Monumenta, 1:447–50; Brotto-Zonta, Facoltà, 197–98; Gargan, Studio, 155–56.Google Scholar
5 Cossio, A., Il Cardinale Gaetano e la Riforma (Cividale, 1902), 24–25; M.-J. Congar, “Bio-bibliographie de Cajétan,” Revue Thomiste (1934), Suppl.: 4.Google Scholar
6 Perugia, Biblioteca Comunale Augusta, MS 1141, “Chronica Dominici, Conventus S. de Perusio,” fols. 66r–67v. This text was partially published by Masetti, Monumenta, 1:448–50. Since Masetti's transcription is vitiated by errors and selective omissions, I present the text in its entirety as an appendix.Google Scholar
7 “Postquam per centum et plures annos hec intermissa est chronica de glorioso obitu fratrum Sancti Dominici de Perusio; uel uiuentium neglectu uel obliuione seu negligentia, uel quia libellus iste ad tempus latuerit; quare et studiosos animos ad hoc opus prosequendum excitare nequiuit. Visum est mihi fratri Dominico quondam Francisci Ballienii de Perusio dominici Perusini conuentus originali filio, pium opus (quo in Dominiceo agro laborantium memoria non omnino deperit) deo duce pro uiribus innouare …” Perugia 1141, fol. 60v.Google Scholar
8 “Frater Vincentius … hunc et septem alios sequentes reperperi in quodam libro Romane Prouincie … Qui sequuntur hos inueni in quodam breui notula manu cuiusdam fratris Juliani de Perusio …” Ibid., fol. 61r.Google Scholar
9 “Omnes qui sequntur propriis uidi oculis et cognoui et uita functi sunt, quorum egregia acta fideliter scribam.” Ibid., fol. 64r.Google Scholar
10 Masetti, , Monumenta, 447, attributes to Valentino the surname “Evangelisti” but does not give his source. I suspect that Masetti transformed the patronymic “di Evangelista.”Google Scholar
11 Magistrorum ac Procuratorum Generalium Ordinis Praedicatorum Registra Litterarum Minora (1469–1523). in MOPH 21, ed. Meersseman, G. and Planzer, D. (Rome, 1947), 43 n. 50.Google Scholar
12 The faculty of theology of the University of Perugia was founded by Gregory IX on 11 October 1371. See Bini, V., Memorie Istoriche della Perugina Università degli Studii (Perugia, 1816), 54–60, 237–65; Ermini, G., Storia della Università di Perugia (Bologna, 1947), 18, 195–96.Google Scholar
13 Masetti, , Monumenta, 1:447.Google Scholar
14 Kaeppeli, T., Inventari di libri di San Domenico di Perugia (1430–80) (Rome, 1962), 186.Google Scholar
15 Masetti, Monumenta, 1:448.Google Scholar
16 “Magister Valentinus de Camereno habuit litteras sue absolutionis ab officio prioratus Perusini ad beneplacitum … Datum Rome 3 Julii ?1478〈.” AGOP IV, 3, fol. 307r.Google Scholar
17 Acta Capitulorum Generalium Ordinis Praedicatorum (1380–1498). in MOPH 8, ed. Reichert, B. M. (Rome, 1900), 346.Google Scholar
18 Kaeppeli, , Inventari, 309.Google Scholar
19 MOPH 8:354.Google Scholar
20 Ibid., 364.Google Scholar
21 “Magister Valentinus de Camereno et frater Christoforus de Perusio fuerunt instituti procuratores syndici conuentus sancti Dominici de Perusio cum plenaria auctoritate colligendi redditus et respondendi et comparendi in iudicio ecclesiastico uel seculari ac instituendi procuratores pro emergentibus causis conuentus et remouendi et omnia alia facendi que syndici conuentus facere consueuerunt et cansantur [!] omnes alii syndici a Reuerendissimo vel a predecessoribus seu inferiore factis et qualitercunque et nullus inferior super [?] potest aliud ordinare. In contrarium faciendis non obstantis quibuscunque. Datum Florentie die 30 Julii 1483.” AGOP IV, 6, fol. 79r.Google Scholar
22 “Magister Valentinus de Camereno fuit institutus regens conuentus Perusini cum omnibus gratiis et priuilegiis et immunitatibus talibus dare consueuit et mandatur ei in uirtute Spiritus Sancti et sancte obedientie quatenus hoc onus acceptet et mandatur presidenti conuentus ut ipsum recipiat. Datum Rome die 3 Septembris 1483.” Ibid., fol. 81r.Google Scholar
23 MOPH 8:381.Google Scholar
24 “Mag. Valentino Camotti, priori conventus Minervae, committuntur vices magistri ordinis super conventu Perusino cum potestate omnia faciendi, quae Magister Ordinis potest, etsi mandatum exigerent speciale. Romae 18 Oct. 1484.” MOPH 21:43 n. 50.Google Scholar
25 “Magistro Valentino priori Perusino mandatur ut retinent fratres Raphaelem et Franciscum de Pisis nouitios. Pisis die 3a Septembris ?1488〈.” AGOP IV, 9, fol. 79v.Google Scholar
26 Contarini, , Notizie, 137.Google Scholar
27 Brotto-Zonta, , Facoltà, 197.Google Scholar
28 Contarini, , Notizie, 137–38, reproduces the decree of appointment.Google Scholar
29 Gargan, , Studio, 156 n. 1.Google Scholar
30 “Magister Valentinus conuentus Perusini fit uicarius eiusdem conuentus in temporalibus et spiritualibus, in capitibus et in membris cum potestate confirmandi priore?m〈 electum etc. Die 19 Junii Venetiis 1493.” AGOP IV, 10, fol. 79r.Google Scholar
31 Masetti, , Monumenta, 1:448.Google Scholar
32 “Capitulum prouinciale assignatur Ferrarie in capitulo generali. Die 29 Martii. ?1494〈.” AGOP IV, 10, fol. 81v.Google Scholar
33 “Magister Valentinus de Camereno conuentus Perusinii confirmatur in prouincialem Romane prouincie cum plena potestate; die 21 Maii ?1484〈.” Ibid., fol. 83v. Masetti, Monumenta, 1:445. Panella, E., “Frammenti del Capitolo Generale Ferrara 1494,” AFP 61 (1991): 131–35.Google Scholar
34 “Magister Joannes Caroli de Florentia fit uicarius generalis prouincie in absentia prouincialis. Die 22 Maii ?1494〈.” AGOP IV, 10, fol. 83v.Google Scholar
35 “Die 2 Junii 1494. Theologiae, S. Valentinus, Magister F. de Perusio in Patavino Gymnasio Metaphysicam agens, Principem adiit, cui se supplicem praebuit: cum electus fuisset Romanae Provinciae Visitator provincialis, petiit ut ad id munus per unum mensem obeundum, sibi concedi, quod cum substitutione alterius Magistri ad lectiones docendas, quousque redierit, obtinuit.” Rossi, A., “Cronaca,” cited by Contarini, Notizie, 139.Google Scholar
36 Masetti, , Monumenta, 1:448.Google Scholar
37 “Reuerendus Magister Valentinus de Perusio absoluitur ab officio prouincialatus prouincie Romane ad suum beneplacitum, post mensem augusti, et idem remanet uicarius prouincie et elections etc. et post absolutionem prouincialatus et uicariatus prouincie committitur cura eidem conuentum Perusini cui datur uicarius. Die 14 Junii ?1498〈 Ferrarie.” AGOP IV, 12, fol. 46r.Google Scholar
38 “Magister Valentinus Camers conuentus Perusii absoluitur ab officiio prouintialatus: et magister Ludouico de Viterbio instituitur uicarius dicte prouintie … Die 14 Januarii ?1499〈 Rome.” Ibid., fol. 48v.Google Scholar
39 La “Cronaca” del convento Domenicano di Romano S. di Lucca, ed. Verde, A. F. and Corsi, D., in Memorie Domenicane, N.S. 21 (1990): xlii, xliii, 174, 193.Google Scholar
40 MOPH 8:422.Google Scholar
41 “Magister Valentinus de Perusio fit regens Perusinus cum gratiis etc. Die 20 ut supra ?Maii 1499〈.” AGOP IV, 12, fol. 51v.Google Scholar
42 “Commit?ti〈tur magistro Valentino de Perusio quod possit citare fratrem Thomam de Augubio etc. ut coram eo compareat cum censuris et penis etc. quia habet contra se suspitionem furti comissi in monasterio s. Margarite de Augubio etc. potest in ista causa reddere partibus iustitie complementum etc. et casu quo non comparieat habetur pro conuicto etc. et mandatur prioribus conuentuum cuiusuis prouintie etc. ut eum incarcerent etc. etiam cum auxilio brachii secularis si erit expediens etc. et cassantur omnes commissiones cuiusuis facte in causa ista etc. In con?trarium〈 etc. Die 4 ut supra ?Maii 1500〈.” Ibid., 13, fol. 43v.Google Scholar
43 “R.do Magistro Valentino conuentus Perusini conceditur ut ex bonis quondam fratris Dominici Theotorici possit recipere usque ad 7 ducatos quod sibi mutuauit etc. Die 10 Octobris ?1501〈, Rome.” Ibid., 15, fol. 62v.Google Scholar
44 Acta Capitulorum Generalium Ordinis Praedicatorum (1501–1553). in MOPH 9, ed. Reichert, B. M. (Rome, 1901), 82.Google Scholar
45 Masetti, , Monumenta, 1:448.Google Scholar
46 “Magister Valentinus de Perusio debet visitare monasterium Santi Pauli de Urbeveteri cum plenissima auctoritate super omnes illius personas utriusque sexus ubicumque existentes, quibus mandatur sub poena gravioris culpae, ut ei oboediant. 26. Febr. ?1509〈 Romae.” Registrum Litterarum Fr. Thomae de Vio Caietani Ordinis Praedicatorum Magistri Ordinis 1508–1513 in MOPH 17, ed. A De Meyer (Rome, 1935), 113 n. 83.Google Scholar
47 “Magister Valentinus de Camerino, conventus Perusini, instituitur vicarius provinciae Romanae cum auctoritate solita illorum vicariorum super conventus, monasteria et personas tertii habitus, quae solent regi a provinciali, quousque provincialis electus, confirmatus et praesens exstiterit in provincia; et imponitur ei in remissionem peccatorum, ut acceptet; et praecipitur omnibus, ut ei oboediant. In contrarium facientibus etc. 20. Nov. ?1509〈 Pisis.” Ibid., 126 n. 154.Google Scholar
48 “Magister Valentinus de Camerino fit vicarius super conventus Minervae, de Urbe, Perusinum et Cortonensem, et super personas tertii habitus ab illi gubernari solitis, cum auctoritate provincialis in temporalibus et spiritualibus; et praecipitur fratribus illorum conventuum, ut ei in omnibus oboediant. In contrarium etc. 20 Dec. (1509) Senis.” Ibid., 129 n. 268.Google Scholar
49 Ibid., 135 n. 205.Google Scholar
50 Cajetan's second register (1514–18) is lost.Google Scholar
51 “Studio Perusino ordinatur … De praeteritis officialibus vero Magister Valentinus iudicare et compellere possit ad rationem reddendam et satisfaciendum etc … 8 Sept. ?1510〈 Reate.” MOPH 17:137 n. 220.Google Scholar
52 “Die 25 ?Iunii 1510〈. Fr. Baptistae Tifernatis in conventus Castellani priorem per patentes litteras confirmatur electio, ipso eodem prius a conventus Fulginatis prioratu absoluto eique instituendi electionis vicarium auctoritate concessa, mag. vero Valentino confirmandi cassandique electionem seu electiones.” Kaeppeli, T., “Il registro di Sebastiano Bontempi O.P., priore provinciale romano (1510–15),” AFP 31 (1961): 310.Google Scholar
53 “Die 21 Aprilis 1514. Feci praeceptum fr. Thomae de Pavia conventus Perusini sub poena gravioris culpae et carceris ne accedat Cortonium, sed praesentet se priori Minervae coram mag. Valentino …” Ibid., 321.Google Scholar
54 “Die 20 Iulii ?1514〈. Dedi R.mo generali coram priore conventus et camerario et mag. Valentino in claustro ecclesiae veteris ducatos 15 pro contributione anni 1514.” Ibid., 321–22.Google Scholar
55 The claim was first made by Quétif and Echard, Scriptores (n. 4 above), 2: 14, who mistakenly believed that the convent of Gaeta belonged to the Congregation of Lombardy at the time of Cajetan's reception. Equally unfounded is the assertion, that Cajetan became a member of the Province (!) of Lombardy by transfiliating from the convent of Gaeta to that of Ferrara, made by Andrea Rovetta da Brescia, Bibliotheca Chronologica Provinciae Lombardiae O.P. (Bologna, 1691), 111.Google Scholar
56 “Thomas de Vio Cayetanus, de Provincia Regni … Qui et majorum operam in reformando Ordine nonnumquam risit, etsi ab ineunte aetate in observantia Neapolitana educatus …” Olmeda, S., Chronica Ordinis Praedicatorum (Rome, 1936), 188.Google Scholar
57 See Miele, M., La Riforma Domenicana a Napoli nel periodo post-Tridentino (1583–1725) (Rome, 1963), 53.Google Scholar
58 See A. D'Amato, “Sull'introduzione della riforma domenicana nel Napoletano per opera della Congregazione Lombarda (1489–1501),” AFP 26 (1956): 249–75.Google Scholar
59 For example, one of Cajetan's first acts after his election as Master General in 1508 was to concede to a relative the chamber which he had previously constructed at his own expense in the convent of Gaeta. See MOPH 17:153 n. 11.Google Scholar
60 “Fr. Thomas de Vio de Caieta assignatur Bononiae. Caietae 8. Apr. 1485.” MOPH 21:47.Google Scholar
61 “Fr. Thomas de Vio de Gaieta assignatur studens artium Bononie … Datum Rome 18. Junii 1488.” AGOP IV, 9, fol. 98v.Google Scholar
62 “Fr. Thomas de Vio potest ire ad prouinciam et conuentum suum Gaietanum, ibique morari et stare quousque plenam recuperauit sanitatem. Datum Rome 4. Decembris 1488.” Ibid., fol. 105v.Google Scholar
63 “Ego frater Thomas Caietanus provincie Regni Sicilie pro meo felici ingressu solvi duos aureos, anni domini 1491 die 24 maii, existente magistro studentium fratre Hieronimo de Monopoli.” Vicenza, Bib. Bertoliana, MS 3.II.9 cited by Gargan, Studio, 157 n. 1. For Merlino's regency at this time see ibid., 150.Google Scholar
64 “In conventu Paduano in provincia Dominici, S. in regentem damus et in bachalarium pro primo et secundis annis fratrem Iacobum … pro tercio et quarto fratrem Ieronimum de Monopoli; in biblicum pro primo et secundo annis fratrem Ieronimum de Monopoli predictum, pro tercio vero fratrem Iohannem de Ragusio; in magistrum studencium pro primo et secundo anno fratrem Iohannem de Ragusio predictum, pro tercio anno fratrem Thomam de Vio de Gaeta …” MOPH 8: 404.Google Scholar
65 This table is constructed from the information provided in Gargan, Studio (for individuals, see index of names).Google Scholar
66 “Die 10 Maii ?1492〈 Padue. Frater Joannes de Ragusio fit biblicus, bacchallaureus extra ordinarius frater Onofrius et magister studii frater Thomas de Gaieto.” AGOP IV, 10, fol. 60v.Google Scholar
67 “1493 indictione 11 martis 19 – mart. in eccl. cath. in capella Georgii, S. Incorporatio et bachalaureatus ven. et religiosi d. fr. Thomae de Vio Cayetani provinciae Regni ord. praed. praesentati per sacrum collegium dominorum theologorum studii paduani. Coram rev. patre d. Leonardo Contareno Vic. – existente decano mag. Iohanne Gotula ord. min. regente vero mag. Vincentio Merlino ord. praed … Et cum eo dispensatum fuit super dilatione temporis in cursu lecturae …” Padua, Archivio dell'Università, MS 660, fol. 92, cited by Brotto-Zonta, Facoltà, 198 n. 5.Google Scholar
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71 Gargan, , Studio, 155 n. 1.Google Scholar
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73 “Gratiasque mecum agant Salvatori nostri Iesu Christo, Qui opus hoc in conventu Brixiensi, Anno Christianae salutis Millesimo quadrigentesimo nonagesimo sexto, In die Sacratissimae Nativitatis suae consummari concessit, etc.” Cajetan, In Praedicabilia Porphyrii, Praedicamenta, et libros Posteriorum Analyticorum Aristotelis commentaria (Venice, 1587), 212.Google Scholar
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79 The history of the debate on this issue in the Thomistic school has been traced by Krempel, A., La doctrine de la relation chez Saint Thomas (Paris, 1952). Krempel was not familiar with either Valentino's quaestio or Silvestro da Prierio's extensive and bitter attack on Cajetan (see n. 80 below).Google Scholar
80 See Silvester Prierias, Conflatum ex Thoma S. (Perugia, 1519), q. 28, fols. 206r–207v; Chrisostomus Javellus, Quaestiones super XII Metaphysices (Venice, 1534, but completed 1532), V, q. 22. See Opera Omnia (Lyon, 1580), 1: 767–68.Google Scholar
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83 I have discussed Silvestro da Prierio's attack on Cajetan in my “Silvestro da Prierio and the Pomponazzi Affair” which is to appear in Renaissance and Reformation. Google Scholar
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41 De Anima II, 412a1–412b9.Google Scholar
42 Ibid., 412a27.Google Scholar
43 Ibid., 412b10–15.Google Scholar
44 Ibid., 413a4–413a10.Google Scholar
45 De Anima III, 429a15.Google Scholar
46 Ibid., 430a20–5.Google Scholar
47 Averroes, , Commentarium Magnum in Aristotelis De Anima libros. ed. Crawford, F. S. (Cambridge, Mass., 1953) 3: 5, 17–22.Google Scholar
48 Ethica I, 1102b30–1103a3.Google Scholar
49 De Anima III, 433a7–14.Google Scholar
50 De Anima III, 433b27–434a5.Google Scholar
51 Cajetan In III De Anima (n. 1 above), n. 98.Google Scholar
52 Ethica X, 1178a8.Google Scholar
53 De Anima III, 430a17.Google Scholar
54 Ibid., 430a20–21.Google Scholar
55 Albert De Anima (n. 18 above), 205–6.Google Scholar
56 Albert De Homine (n. 16 above), q. 57, a. 1.Google Scholar
57 De Anima III, 430a22–23.Google Scholar
58 Metaphysica VII, 1032a21.Google Scholar