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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 February 2009
In the survey of the domestic every-day life, and manners and customs of the ancients, already published (“Transactions,” vol. ii., pp. 393–438), we obtained a view of the earliest mode of living adopted by the inhabitants of this planet. We beheld the people at first rudely dressed in wild skins, or covered with garments made of leaves, but gradually obtaining a more refined character, as the progress of civilization which is marked by nothing more clearly than by that of costume, advanced among them; until, influenced and moulded by the classical taste of the people of Greece and Rome, it eventually assumed that form and appearance which are so striking and so beautiful, far exceeding anything which even the science and civilization of modern times have succeeded in producing. We also peeped into the dwellings of the people by whom the earth was originally inhabited, — our primeval ancestors. We first of all found them in rude caves, habitations formed and provided for them by Nature herself. Sometimes they lived in groves. Afterwards they built for themselves tents and huts, which in form imitated their original dwellings. As the tide of civilization rolled on they by degrees effected improvements in their mode and style of living, until at length, among certain nations where civilization had attained a high rank, more especially in Egypt, in Greece, and in Rome, stately cities and superb dwellings were raised, in which the humble and scanty fare provided by Nature was exchanged for luxurious feasts. i now propose to inquire into certain peculiar habits connected with the ordinary occupations and manner of daily life of the people of the ancient world, affording also some account of those amusements by which mainly they were diverted.
page 2 note * “Euterpe,” ii., 35.
page 2 note † Ibid.
page 3 note * “Euterpe,” ii., 36.
page 3 note ‡ The gipsies, who are supposed to have originally come from Egypt, and who pretend skill in the art of predicting events, probably derived their knowledge from the early exercise of the craft here described.
page 3 note § “Euterpe,” 82.
page 3 note † Ibid., 80.
page 3 note ∥ Ibid.
page 4 note * “Thalia,” iii., 12.
page 4 note † Cap. 5.
page 4 note ‡ “Euterpe,” ii., 70.
page 5 note * “Arts of Greece and Rome,” pp. 163, 164.
page 5 note † Becker's, “Charicles,” translated by Metcalfe, , note, p. 62Google Scholar.
page 5 note ‡ Ibid., notes, pp. 127, 128.
page 5 note § “Arts of Greece and Rome,” vol. i., pp. 163, 164.
page 6 note * “Arts of Greece and Rome,” pp. 192, 193.
page 6 note † The Romans allowed their ladies considerably more liberty than did the Greeks, and one distinguished writer of that period asks, with becoming indignity, “Which of the Romans was ever ashamed to bring his wife to an entertainment? And what mistress of a family can be shown who does not inhabit the chief and most frequented part of the house, whereas in Greece, she never appears at any entertainments besides those to which none but relations are invited, and constantly lives in the innermost part of the house, which is called the women's apartment, into which no man except a near relation has admission. – Cornelius Nepos, præfat, in vitas Itnperatorum.
page 6 note ‡ “Arts of Greece and Rome,” vol. i., p. 193.
page 7 note * Becker's, “Charicles,” translated by Metcalfe, , p. 341Google Scholar.
page 7 note † “Arts of Greece and Rome,” vol. i, pp. 193, 194.
page 7 note ‡ Becker's, “Charicles,” translated by Metcalfe, , pp. 160, 179, 182Google Scholar.
page 7 note § “Arts of Greece and Rome,” vol. i., pp. 193, 194.
page 8 note * Becker's, “Charicles,” translated by Metcalfe, , pp. 182, 184Google Scholar.
page 8 note † “Arts of Greece and Rome,” vol. i., pp. 196, 197, 198.
page 8 note § Adams's, “Roman Antiquities,” pp. 44Google Scholar.
page 8 note ‡ Ibid.
page 9 note * Potter's, “Grecian Antiquities,” vol. i.p. 76Google Scholar.
page 9 note † Ibid., pp. 68, 69.
page 10 note * Potter's, “Grecian and Roman Antiquities,” vol. i., p. 73Google Scholar.
page 10 note † Becker's, “Charicles,” translated by Metcalfe, , pp. 278, 279Google Scholar.
page 10 note ‡ Potter's, “Grecian and Roman Antiquities,” vol. i., p. 81Google Scholar.
page 11 note * “Arts of Greece and Rome,” vol. i, pp. 181,182, 183.
page 11 note ‡ Ibid., vol. i., p. 183.
page 11 note § Potter's, “Grecian Antiquities,” vol ii., p. 389Google Scholar.
page 11 note † Ibid., p. 183.
page 12 note * Adams's, “Rom. Ant.,” pp. 33, 34, 35Google Scholar.
page 12 note ‡ “Thalia,” iii., 150,159.
page 12 note † , Ad. “Rom.Ant.,” p. 35Google Scholar.
page 12 note § “Arts of Greece and Rome,” vol. ii., pp. 170, 171.
page 13 note * “Clio,” i., 196.
page 13 note † Note to SirRawlinson's, H. “Herodotus,” b. ii, c. 92Google Scholar.
page 14 note * Note to Sir H. Rawlinson's “Herodotus, b. vii., c. vii.
page 14 note † Potter's, “Grecian Antiquities,” vol. ii., p. 259Google Scholar.
page 14 note ‡ Becker's, “Charicles,” translated by Metcalfe, , p. 149Google Scholar.
page 14 note § Potter's, “Grecian Antiquities,” vol. ii., pp. 282, 283, 284Google Scholar.
page 15 note * Adams's, “Roman Antiquities,” pp., 425, 426Google Scholar.
page 15 note ‡ Ibid., pp., 429, 430.
page 15 note § “Dictionary of Grecian and Roman Antiquities,” art. “Matrimony.”
page 15 note ‖ “Euterpe,” ii., 4.
page 15 note † Ibid., 429.
page 16 note * Pott, . “Gr. Ant.” 519, 520, 521Google Scholar.
page 16 note ‡ Pott, . “Gr. Ant.,” 523Google Scholar.
page 16 note † “The Arts of Greece and Rome,” 182.
page 16 note § Adams's, “Roman Antiquities,” 303, 304Google Scholar.
page 17 note * “Arts of Greece and Rome,” pp. 51, 52.
page 17 note † “Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities,” art. “Januarius.”
page 17 note ‡ Markham's, “History of France,” p. 24Google Scholar.
page 19 note * “Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities,” art. “Clepsydra.”
page 19 note † Ibid., art. “Horologium.”
page 19 note ‖ Ibid.
page 19 note ‡ Ibid.
page 19 note § Ibid.
page 20 note * “Melpomene,” iv., 183.
page 20 note † Ibid.
page 20 note ‡ “Euterpe,” ii., 65.
page 21 note * “Euterpe,” ii., 66, 67.
page 21 note † Note to SirRawlinson's, H. “Herodotus,” b. ii., c. 67Google Scholar.
page 22 note * “Euterpe,” ii., 68, 69.
page 22 note ∥ Note to Sir H. Rawlinson's “Herodotus,” b. ii., c. 42.
page 22 note ¶ Ibid., c. 18.
page 22 note † Ibid., 90.
page 22 note ‡ Ibid., 71.
page 22 note ** Ibid., c. 47.
page 22 note § “Thalia,” iii., 113.
page 23 note * “Euterpe,” ii., 14.
page 23 note † “Clio,” i., 134.
page 24 note * Potter's, “Grecian Antiquities,” vol. ii., pp. 370, 371Google Scholar.
page 24 note † “Arts of Greece and Rome,” vol. ii., p. 183.
page 24 note ‡ Ibid.
page 25 note * “Arts of Greece and Rome,” vol. ii., p. 183.
page 25 note † Adams's, “Roman Antiquities,” p. 411Google Scholar.
page 25 note ‡ Becker's, “Gallas,” translated by Metcalfe, pp. 226–273Google Scholar.
page 26 note * “Arts of Greece and Rome,” vol. i., pp. 107, 115.
page 26 note † Potter's, “Grecian Antiquities,” vol. i., p. 50Google Scholar.
page 26 note ‡ Note to “Bohn's Tacitus,” vol. ii., p. 402.
page 26 note § Becker's, “Charicles,” translated by Metcalfe, , pp. 297, 303Google Scholar.
page 27 note * B. i., c. 77.
page 27 note § Annals, b. iv., c. 14.
page 27 note † Ibid.
page 27 note ‡ Ibid.
page 29 note * Annals, book iv., c. 62, 63.
page 29 note † Potter's, “Grecian Antiquities,” vol. ii., p. 49Google Scholar.
page 30 note * Annals, b. xiii., c. 54.
page 30 note † Ibid., b. xiv., c. 15.
page 31 note * Annals, b. xvi., c. 4, 5.
page 32 note * “Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities,” art. “Circenses Ludi.”
page 32 note † Ibid.
page 32 note ‡ Ibid.
page 32 note § Ibid.
page 32 note ∥ Ibid., art. “Circus.”
page 33 note * “Arts of Greece and Rome,” pp. 80, 81.
page 33 note † Adams's, “Roman Antiquities,” pp. 319, 320, 321Google Scholar.
page 34 note * Adams's, “Roman Antiquities,” p. 317Google Scholar.
page 34 note † “Annals,” b. xv., c. 32.
page 34 note ‡ “Arts of Greece and Rome,” p. 162, 161.
page 34 note § Ibid., p. 339.
page 34 note ∥ Becker's, “Charicles,” translated by Metcalfe, , p. 64Google Scholar.
page 35 note * Adams's, “Roman Antiquities,” p. 31Google Scholar.
page 35 note † “History of Rome,” b. xxii., c. 10.
page 35 note ‡ “The Arts of Greece and Rome,” vol. ii., p. 282.
page 35 note § Ibid., 275.
page 36 note * “Civilization considered as a Science” (Bohn's Library edition, p. 44.)
page 37 note * “Annals,” b. xiii., c. 27.
page 37 note ‡ Ibid. b. xiv., c. 20.
page 37 note † Ibid., b. xiv., c. 15.
page 38 note * Note to Bohn's, “Tacitus,” vol. ii., p. 95Google Scholar.
page 38 note † “Civilization considered as a Science” (Bohn's library edit., p. 202).
page 41 note * Gen. xxiii. 16.
page 43 note * “Penny Cyclopædia,” art. “Egypt.”
page 43 note † Gen. xxxvii. 28.
page 43 note ‡ “Iliad,” lib. 7.
page 43 note § Ibid., lib. 6.
page 43 note ∥ Ibid., lib. ix., c. 7.
page 44 note * “Jewish Antiquities,” b. x.
page 44 note ‡ Ibid., xxvii., 42.
page 44 note † Gen. xx. 16.
page 44 note § Ibid., iv. 22.
page 45 note * “Diet. Gr. and Rom. Ant,” art. “As.”
page 45 note † Ibid.
page 45 note ‡ Ibid.
page 46 note * “Diet. Gr. and Rom. Ant.,” art. “As.”
page 46 note † Ibid., art. “Denarius.”
page 47 note * Sir H. Rawlinson's “Herodotus.”
page 48 note * Adams's, “Roman Antiquities,” p. 466Google Scholar.
page 49 note * Adams's, “Roman Antiquities,” p. 466Google Scholar.
page 49 note ‡ Ibid., p. 454.
page 49 note § Ibid., p. 457.
page 49 note † Ibid.
page 50 note * Adams's, “Roman Antiquities,” p. 468Google Scholar.
page 50 note † “Arts of Greeks and Romans,” vol. i., pp. 267, 268.
page 51 note * “Arts of Greeks and Romans,” vol. i., p. 268.
page 51 note ‡ Becker's, “Callus,” translated by Metcalfe, , pp. 349, 350Google Scholar.
page 51 note † Ibid., p. 269.
page 52 note * “Arts of Greeks and Romans,” vol. i., p. 269.
page 52 note † Potter's, “Grecian Antiquities,” vol. i., p.p. 43, 44Google Scholar.
page 52 note ‡ Becker's, “Charicles,” translated by Metcalfe, , p. 244Google Scholar.
page 53 note * Note to Sir H. Rawlinson's “Herodotus,” book ii., c. 77.
page 53 note † Potter's, “Grecian Antiquities,” vol. i., pp. 43, 44Google Scholar.
page 53 note ‡ “Arts of Greeks and Romans,” vol. i., pp. 202, 203.
page 54 note * “Arts of Greeks and Romans,” vol. i., p. 334.
page 54 note † “Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities,” art. “Liber.”
page 54 note ‡ “Arts of Greeks and Romans,” vol. ii., p. 270.
page 55 note * “Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities,” art. “Liber,” p. 274.
page 55 note † “Arts of Greeks and Romans,” vol. i., p. 164.
page 55 note ‡ Xenophon's ”Memorâbilia.” B. iv, c. ii., s.I. and note.
page 58 note * “Clio,” i., 197.
page 59 note * “Memorabilia,” B. IV., c. ii., S. 5.
page 59 note † Becker's, “Charicles,” translated by Metcalfe, , pp. 281–384Google Scholar.
page 60 note * “Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities,” art. “Medicus.”
page 60 note † Ibid.
page 60 note ‡ Note to Bohn's, “Tacitus,” vol. i., p. 156Google Scholar.
page 61 note * Annals, B. vi., c. 46.
page 61 note † Adams's, “Roman Antiquities,” p. 28, 172Google Scholar.
page 62 note * Adams's, “Roman Antiquities,” pp. 172, 173Google Scholar.
page 62 note † “Arts of Greeks and Romans,” vol. i., pp. 333, 334.
page 63 note * “Arts of Greeks and Romans,” vol. i., p. 279.
page 64 note * “Liber” I, Epistle 13.
page 64 note † Becker's, “Gallus,” translated by Metcalfe, , pp. 238, 244Google Scholar.
page 64 note ‡ Ibid., pp. 234,235.
page 64 note § Note to Rawlinson's “Herodotus,” chap. 2.
page 65 note * “Arts of Greeks and Romans,” vol. ii., p. 208.
page 65 note † “Adams's Roman Antiquities,” p. 475.
page 66 note * Becker's, “Charicles,” translated by Metcalfe, , p. 105Google Scholar.
page 67 note * Clio. I., 194.
page 67 note ‡ Book I., c. 194.
page 67 note † Ibid.
page 67 note § Nineveh, b. 2, c. 5.
page 68 note * Euterpe, II., 96.
page 69 note * Potter's, “Grecian Antiquities,” vol.ii., pp. 122, 124–126Google Scholar.
page 69 note † Ibid., p. 133.
page 69 note ‡ “Arts of Greeks and Romans,” vol. i., p. 213.
page 69 note § Note to Long's. “Cæsar,” p. 159.
page 70 note * “Annals,” vol. ii., c. 6.
page 70 note † Adams's, “Roman Antiquities,” p.510, 511Google Scholar.
page 71 note * Adams's, “Roman Antiquities,” p. 513, 514Google Scholar.
page 71 note ‡ Becker's, “Gallus,” translated by Metcalfe, , p. 262Google Scholar.
page 71 note § Ibid., p. 266.
page 71 note ∥ “Arts of Greeks and Romans,” vol. i. p. 280.
page 71 note † Ibid.
page 72 note * “Urania,” viii. 98.
page 72 note ‡ Becker's, “Gallus,” translated by Metcalfe, , pp. 249, 250Google Scholar.
page 72 note § “Terpsichore,” v. 52.
page 72 note † “Commentaries,” b. vii., c. 4.
page 73 note * “ Arts of Greeks and Romans,” vol. i., p. 131.
page 73 note † Becker's, “Gallus,” translated by Metcalfe, , pp. 48, 49Google Scholar.
page 73 note ‡ Ibid., 123, 124.
page 73 note ∥ “Commentaries,” c. viii.
page 73 note § “Annals,” b. vi., c. 37.
page 73 note ¶ Ibid., c. xvii.
page 74 note * “Civilization considered as a Science, in relation to its Essence, its Elements, and its End,” by Harris, G., F.S.A., (Bohn's Library Edition), P. 365Google Scholar.
page 74 note † Ibid., p. 40.