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Effects of Adjuvants and Environment on the Toxicity of Dalapon to Johnsongrass

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

C. G. Mcwhorter  and
T. N. Jordan
C. G. Mcwhorter
Affiliation:
S. Weed Sci. Lab., Agr. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agr., Stoneville, MS 38776
T. N. Jordan
Affiliation:
Mississippi Agr. and Forest. Exp. Sta., Stoneville, MS 38776
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Abstract

Johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] regrowth was used as an index for penetration and translocation of dalapon (2,2-dichloropropionic acid) with and without adjuvants under different environmental conditions. Johnsongrass control with dalapon at 1.12 kg/ha without surfactant decreased as air temperature increased from 16 to 27 to 38 C. Plants at 16 and 27 C with 100% relative humidity (RH) were more susceptible to dalapon without surfactant than were plants at 35% RH. The presence of 1% surfactant in dalapon solutions increased johnsongrass control above that of dalapon alone at 27 and 38 C regardless of RH. Adding 1% surfactant and maintaining plants at 100% RH and 38 C resulted in significantly less johnsongrass control than that at 35% RH and 38 C. The addition of 0.1 M KH2PO4 to mixtures of dalapon + surfactant restored effectiveness at 100% RH and 38 C. Dalapon applied without surfactant was more injurious to johnsongrass grown with 40% soil moisture than with 25% soil moisture regardless of air temperature or RH. When plants were maintained at 27 or 38 C with 25% soil moisture, 0.1 M KH2PO4 + surfactant was more beneficial than surfactant alone in increasing dalapon toxicity to johnsongrass. At 40% soil moisture, johnsongrass control with dalapon + 1 % surfactant was not improved with the addition of KH2PO4 regardless of air temperature.

Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 24 , Issue 3 , May 1976 , pp. 257 - 260
Copyright
Copyright © 1976 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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