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Effects of environmental factors on germination and emergence of Amaranthus retroflexus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

R. Ghorbani ,
W. Seel  and
C. Leifert
W. Seel
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Aberdeen, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, Scotland, UK
C. Leifert
Affiliation:
Aberdeen University Center for Organic Argiculture (AUCOA), Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Aberdeen, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, Scotland, UK
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Abstract

Detailed knowledge about the environmental conditions required for weed seed germination and establishment in soil is an important prerequisite for the development of integrated and biological weed control strategies. Germination and establishment of Amaranthus retroflexus were studied at different temperatures, planting depths, soil types, nitrogen supply, and water potentials. The minimum temperature for seed germination was > 5 C; maximum germination occurred between 35 and 40 C. At temperatures between 25 and 35 C, an additive effect on germination rate was observed when temperature and water availability were increased. For all soils tested, the percentage emergence of seeds placed on the soil surface and 4 cm deep was significantly lower than seeds placed between 0.5 and 3 cm. Emergence in the four sandy soils was generally greater than in the two heavier soils included in the study. There was a highly significant interaction between seed depth and soil type. Plant growth was also greatest in the lighter soils. Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weight, and nitrogen and carbon percentage in plant tissues of A. retroflexus increased significantly with increasing soil nitrogen supply.

Keywords

Amaranthus retroflexus L., redroot pigweed, AMAREEcophysiologyseed bedsowing depthnitrogenweed managementAMARE
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 47 , Issue 5 , October 1999 , pp. 505 - 510
Copyright
Copyright © 1999 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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