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Germination Ecology of Two Australian Populations of African turnipweed (Sisymbrium thellungii)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 September 2018

Gulshan Mahajan ,
Amar Matloob ,
Michael Walsh  and
Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Gulshan Mahajan*
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Fellow, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
Amar Matloob
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 11Pakistan
Michael Walsh
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia
Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
*
Author for correspondence: Gulshan Mahajan, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia. (Email: g.mahajan@uq.edu.au)
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Abstract

African turnipweed (Sisymbrium thellungii O. E.Schulz) is an emerging problematic broadleaf weed of the northern grain region of Australia. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature, light, salinity, pH, seed burial depth, and the amount of wheat crop residue on germination and emergence of two Australian S. thellungii weed populations (population C, cropped area; population F, fence line). Both populations behaved similarly across different environmental conditions, except in the residue study. Although the seeds of both populations of S. thellungii could germinate under complete darkness, germination was best (~95%) under light/dark conditions at the 20/10 C temperature regime. Both populations of S. thellungii germinated over a wide range of day/night temperatures (15/5, 20/10, 25/15, and 30/20 C). Osmotic stress had negative effects on germination, with 54% seeds (averaged over populations) able to germinate at −0.1MPa. Complete germination inhibition for both populations was observed at −0.8MPa osmotic potential. Both populations germinated at sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations ranging from 50 to 100 mM, beyond which germination was completely inhibited. There were substantial reductions in seed germination, 32% (averaged over populations) under highly acidic conditions (pH 4.0) as compared with the control (water: pH 6.4). Seed germination of both populations on the soil surface was 77%, and no seedlings emerged from a burial depth of 1 cm. The addition of 6 Mg ha−1 of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue reduced the emergence of the C and F populations of S. thellungii by 75% and 64%, respectively, as compared with the control (no residue). Information gathered from this study provides a better understanding of the factors favorable for germination and emergence of S. thellungii, which will aid in developing management strategies in winter crops, especially wheat, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and chick pea (Cicer arietinum L.).

Keywords

Australiaseed germinationweed biologyweed ecologyweed spreadweed management strategiesWilliam Vencill, University of Georgia
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 66 , Issue 6 , November 2018 , pp. 752 - 757
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2018 

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