Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T18:39:28.907Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Germination Stimulation Properties of Carbamate Herbicides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

R. S. Fawcett  and
F. W. Slife
R. S. Fawcett
Affiliation:
Dep. of Agron., Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 Dep. of Agron., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
F. W. Slife
Affiliation:
Dep. of Agron., Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Butylate (S-ethyl diisobutylthiocarbamate), EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate), vernolate (S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate), diallate [S-(2,3-dichloroallyl)diisopropylthiocarbamate], CDEC (2-chloroallyl diethyldithiocarbamate), and chlorpropham (isopropyl m-chlorocarbanilate) at 0.1 kg/ha caused increased velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.) populations in field plots. Butylate caused increased populations of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) at rates of up to 1.1 kg/ha. In the laboratory, each of the six herbicides caused increased velvetleaf seed germination, and butylate, EPTC, and CDEC caused increased common lambsquarters germination when seeds were exposed to herbicide vapors prior to germination. Germination of velvetleaf, common lambsquarters, and giant foxtail (Setaria faberii Herrm.) was also increased by butylate solutions over a wide range of concentrations. Maximum germination stimulation generally occurred between concentrations of 10-5 and 10-6 M butylate. Seedling injury and death also resulted from these concentrations of butylate. Butylate stimulation of seed germination could not be correlated with light requirements of seeds, but appeared to be an additional promotive factor. Ungerminated common lambsquarters seeds after butylate treatment were viable and responded to KCN and KNO3 in the same manner as control seeds which did not initially germinate in water. Butylate in combination with the antidote, R-25788 (N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide) stimulated germination of common lambsquarters.

Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 23 , Issue 5 , September 1975 , pp. 419 - 424
Copyright
Copyright © 1975 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Al-Aish, M. and Brown, W.V. 1958. Grass germination responses to isopropylphenylcarbamate and classification. Amer. J. Bot. 45:16–23.Google Scholar
2. Bibbey, R.D. 1935. The influence of environment upon the germination of weed seeds. Sci. Agr. 16:141–150.Google Scholar
3. Chepil, W.S. 1946. Germination of weed seeds: I. Longevity, periodicity of germination and vitality of seeds in cultivated soil. Sci. Agr. 26:307–346.Google Scholar
4. Chepil, W.S. 1946. Germination of weed seeds: II. The influence of tillage treatments on germination. Sci. Agr. 26:347–357.Google Scholar
5. Holm, R.E. 1972. Volatile metabolites controlling germination in buried weed seeds. Plant Physiol. 50:293–297.Google Scholar
6. Holm, R.E. and Miller, M.R. 1972. Hormonal control of weed seed germination. Weed Sci. 20:209–212.Google Scholar
7. King, L.J. 1966. Weeds of the World. Biology and Control. Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York. 526 pp.Google Scholar
8. Knake, E.L. and Wax, L.M. 1968. The importance of the shoot of giant foxtail for uptake of preemergence herbicides. Weed Sci. 16:393–395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Kozlowski, T.T. and Torrie, J.H. 1965. Effect of soil incorporation of herbicides on seed germination and growth of pine seedlings. Soil Sci. 100:139–146.Google Scholar
10. Leasure, J.K. 1959. A logarithmic concentration sprayer for small plot use. Weeds 7:91–97.Google Scholar
11. Major, W. and Roberts, E.H. 1968. Dormancy and cereal seeds. I. The effects of oxygen and respiratory inhibitors. J. Exp. Bot. 19:77–89.Google Scholar
12. Morré, J. and Fletchall, O.H. 1963. Germination-regulating mechanisms of giant foxtail (Setaria faberii). Missouri Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull. 829. 25 pp.Google Scholar
13. Mann, H.H. 1939. The weed herbage of a slightly acid arable soil. J. Ecol. 27:89–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Roberts, H.A. 1964. Emergence and longevity in cultivated soil of seeds of some annual weeds. Weed Res. 4:296–307.Google Scholar
15. Shaw, W.C., Shepherd, D.R., Robinson, E.L., and Sand, P.F. 1962. Advances in witchweed control. Weeds 10:182–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Stoller, E.W. and Wax, L.M. 1973. Periodicity of germination and emergence of some annual weeds. Weed Sci. 21:574–580.Google Scholar
17. Taylorson, R.B. 1970. Changes in dormancy and viability of weed seeds in soils. Weed Sci. 18:265–269.Google Scholar
18. Taylorson, R.B. 1972. Phytochrome controlled changes in dormancy and germination of buried weed seeds. Weed Sci. 20:417–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. Waldron, L.R. 1904. Weed Studies. Viability and growth of buried weed seed. N. Dak. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 62:439–446.Google Scholar
20. Wesson, G. and Wareing, P.F. 1969. The induction of light sensitivity in weed seeds by burial. J. Exp. Bot. 20:414–425.Google Scholar