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Interference of large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), and hairy galinsoga (Galinsoga ciliata) with bell pepper

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Rongwei Fu  and
Richard A. Ashley
Richard A. Ashley
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, U-4067, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
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Abstract

Large crabgrass, redroot pigweed, and hairy galinsoga are three important weed species in bell pepper and other crops in the northeastern United States. Field experiments were conducted in 1998 and 1999 to determine the influence of density and relative emergence time of the three weed species on bell pepper fruit yield. Densities of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 plants m−1 row were established for each weed species from naturally occurring weed populations. The effects of relative emergence time were studied by investigating the different yield responses to weeds emerging at two different times: 3 d or 2 wk after transplanting of pepper. Both weed density and relative emergence time affected pepper yield loss. The relative competitive ability of weed species varied between years. Large crabgrass was the most competitive species in 1998 and the measure of yield loss at low weed densities, I, was estimated to be 34% on the basis of the nonlinear hyperbolic equation. Redroot pigweed was most competitive in 1999 with an estimate of 88% for I. Hairy galinsoga was the least competitive weed in both years. Maximum yield loss under 32 plants m−1 row ranged from 19% with late-emerging hairy galinsoga in 1998 to 99% with early-emerging redroot pigweed in 1999. A new equation was proposed to characterize the relation between yield loss and weed pressure by expanding the nonlinear hyperbolic equation to include a parameter to account for the change of maximum yield loss with emergence time. The expanded equation generally provided a more accurate prediction of yield loss. In addition, several models are introduced to describe both the effects of density and relative emergence time of multiple weed species on crop yield. Generally these models provided an adequate fit of the data and a good description of the competitive ability of the mixed population.

Keywords

Hairy galinsoga, Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) Blake, GASCIlarge crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. DIGSAredroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. AMAREbell pepper, Capsicum annuum L.Interferencetime of emergenceweed densityyield lossweed interference modelmultiple species interference
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 54 , Issue 2 , April 2006 , pp. 364 - 372
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Current address: Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, CB 669, Portland, OR 97239; fur@ohsu.edu

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