Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T05:44:23.901Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) seed germination and production varies by spikelet position on the spike

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Lynn Fandrich  and
Carol A. Mallory-Smith
Carol A. Mallory-Smith
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3002
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Integrated management techniques for several U.S. winter wheat production regions have been proposed for jointed goatgrass control. These strategies may be improved by a greater understanding of the genetic and environmental influences on seed production and germination. Plants from six jointed goatgrass collections were grown in common garden nurseries at two Oregon locations over two growing seasons. Unbroken spikes from each collection were used to evaluate seed dormancy and quantify seed production by inflorescence position. Germination tests were conducted over 14 d using spikelets of dormant and after-ripened samples in growth chambers set to 25/15 C day/night temperatures and a 12-h photoperiod. Spikelet position on the spike affected germination of the secondary seed in dormant samples of jointed goatgrass Collections D and G. In contrast, spikelet position did not affect secondary seed germination in dormant samples of Collection B. Spikelet position did not influence secondary seed germination in nondormant samples of all three collections. Spikelet position affected germination of the primary positioned seed in dormant samples of Collection B, and in nondormant samples of Collections B, E, and H. Unbroken spikes from jointed goatgrass Collections B and D were used to quantify seed production per spikelet position on the spike and per floret position within the spikelet. Seed production by floret position depended on spikelet position on the spike. This relationship varied for spikes of different lengths and for samples from the two collections. Efforts to model the life history of jointed goatgrass and predict germination should be adjusted to account for floret position within the spikelet, spikelet position within the spike, and source population. We suggest that future dormancy and germination research include sampling seed from several weed populations and efforts be made to standardize germination tests according to seed position on the inflorescence.

Keywords

Jointed goatgrass, Aegilops cylindrica Host AEGCYCaryopsisdiversitydormancyinflorescencematernal effects
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 54 , Issue 3 , June 2006 , pp. 443 - 451
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Andersson, L. and Milberg, P. 1998. Variation in seed dormancy among mother plants, populations and years of collection. Seed Sci. Res 8:29–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersson, A., Johansson, E., and Oscarson, P. 2004. Post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation and distribution among grains in spring wheat spikes. J. Agric. Sci 142:525–533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, H. G. 1974. The evolution of weeds. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst 5:1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, C. C. and Baskin, J. M. 1998. Ecology of seed dormancy and germination in grasses. Pages 30–83 in Cheplick, G. P. ed. Population Biology of Grasses. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buhler, D. D., Hartzler, R. G., and Forcella, F. 1997. Implications of weed seedbank dynamics to weed management. Weed Sci 45:329–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpenter, T. L. and Thill, D. C. 1992. Jointed goatgrass seed dormancy varies by region on the spike. Proc. West Soc. Weed Sci 45:120.Google Scholar
Dekker, J., Dekker, B., Hilhorst, H., and Karssen, C. 1996. Weedy adaptation in Setaria spp., IV: changes in the germinative capacity of S. faberii (Poaceae) embryos with development from anthesis to after abscission. Am. J. Bot 83:979–991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donald, W. W. and Zimdahl, R. L. 1987. Persistence, germinability, and distribution of jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) seed in soil. Weed Sci 35:149–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dotray, P. A. and Young, F. L. 1988. Rooting development and its relationship to shoot growth in jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica). Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci 41:74.Google Scholar
Dyer, W. 1995. Exploiting weed seed dormancy and germination requirements through agronomic practices. Weed Sci 43:498–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, A. S. and Cabin, R. J. 1995. Can. dormancy affect the evolution of post-germination traits? the case of Lesquerella fendleri . Ecology 76:344–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, J. O., Morishita, D. W., and Maxwell, B. D. 1999. Integrated management strategies for jointed goatgrass control in winter wheat in the intermountain region. Proc. West Soc. Weed Sci 52:155–159.Google Scholar
Fandrich, L. and Mallory-Smith, C. 2005. Temperature effects on jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) seed germination. Weed Sci 53:594–599.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fenster, C. R. and Wicks, G. A. 1976. Jointed Goatgrass. Nebr. Univ. Coop. Ext. Serv. G 75–210. 2 p.Google Scholar
Foley, M. E. 1994. Temperature and water status of seed affect after-ripening in wild oat (Avena fatua). Weed Sci 42:200–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frost, R. A. and Cavers, P. B. 1975. The ecology of pigweeds (Amaranthus) in Ontario, I: interspecific and intraspecific variation in seed germination among local collections of A. powellii and A. retroflexus . Can. J. Bot 53:1276–1284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, J. G. and Helgeson, E. A. 1957. The development morphology of wild oats. Proc. North Central Weed Control Conf 14:5.Google Scholar
Gutterman, Y. 1985. Flowering, seed development, and the influences during seed maturation on seed germination of annual weeds. Pages 1–25 in Duke, S. O. ed. Weed Physiology. Volume 1. Boca Raton, FL: CRC.Google Scholar
Gutterman, Y. 1992. Maternal effects on seeds during development. Pages 27–59 in Fenner, M. ed. Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities. Wallingford, U.K.: Cab International.Google Scholar
Hanavan, D., Ogg, A. Jr., and White, T. 2004. Aegilops cylindrica (Jointed goatgrass)—Executive Summary of the National Jointed Goatgrass Research Program CSREES-USDA Special Grant. www.jointedgoatgrass.org.Google Scholar
Heyne, E. G. 1950. Goatgrass seed used for livestock feed. Agron. J 42:615–616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hitchcock, A. S. 1950. Manual of the Grasses of the United States. 2nd ed. New York: Dover Publications. Pp. 245–246.Google Scholar
Johnston, C. O. and Heyne, E. G. 1960. Distribution of jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host) in Kansas. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci 63:239–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnston, C. O. and Parker, J. H. 1929. Aegilops cylindrica Host, a wheat-field weed in Kansas. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci 32:80–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirby, E. J. M. 1974. Ear development in spring wheat. J. Agric. Sci 82:437–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maxwell, B. 1999. Jointed goatgrass bioeconomic model. Proc. West Soc. Weed Sci 52:166–173.Google Scholar
McGregor, R. L. 1987. Notes on Aegilops cylindrica, jointed goatgrass (Poaceae) in Kansas. Contrib. Univ. Kans. Herbarium No. 25. 5 p.Google Scholar
Morrow, L. A., Young, F. L., and Flom, D. G. 1982. Seed germination and seedling emergence of jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica). Weed Sci 30:395–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naylor, R. E. L. and Abdalla, A. F. 1982. Variation in germination behaviour. Seed Sci. Technol 10:67–76.Google Scholar
Nyachiro, J. M., Clarke, F. R., DePauw, R. M., Knox, R. E., and Armstrong, K. C. 2002. Temperature effects on seed germination and expression of seed dormancy in wheat. Euphytica 126:123–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ogg, A. G. 1993. Jointed goatgrass survey−1993. Magnitude and scope of the problem. Pages 6–12 in Westra, P. and Anderson, R. L. eds. Jointed Goatgrass: A Threat to U.S. Winter Wheat. Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University.Google Scholar
Paterson, J. G., Goodchild, N. A., and Boyd, W. J. R. 1976. Effect of storage temperature, storage duration and germination temperature on the dormancy of seed of Avena fatua L. and Avena barbata Pott ex Link. Aust. J. Agric. Res 27:373–379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perilleux, C., Bernier, G., and Kinet, J. M. 1991. Reproductive development in Lolium temulentum L.: spike morphogenesis and grain set limitations. J. Exp. Bot 42:501–507.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pester, T. A., Westra, P., Anderson, R. L., Stahlman, P. W., Wicks, G. A., Lyon, D. J., and Miller, S. D. 1999. Integrated management systems for jointed goatgrass in the Central Great Plains. Proc. West Soc. Weed Sci 52:159–164.Google Scholar
Schwendiman, A. and Shands, H. L. 1943. Delayed germination or seed dormancy in Vicland oats. J. Am. Soc. Agron 35:681–688.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shafii, B. and Barney, D. L. 2001. Drying and cold storage affect germination of black huckleberry seeds. Hortic. Sci 36:145–147.Google Scholar
Simpson, G. M. 1990. Seed dormancy in grasses. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. 297 p.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylorson, R. B. 1987. Environmental and chemical manipulation of weed seed dormancy. Rev. Weed Sci 3:135–154.Google Scholar
Wang, Z., Cao, W., Dai, T., and Zhou, Q. 2001. Effects of exogenous hormones on floret development and grain set in wheat. Plant Growth Regul 35:225–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, A. D., Stahlman, P. W., and Northam, F. E. 2004. Impact of integrated management systems on jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) populations. Weed Sci 52:1010–1017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, F. L., Ball, D., Thill, D., Yenish, J. P., and Alldredge, J. R. 2002. Integrated management of jointed goatgrass in Pacific Northwest dryland cropping systems. Pages 284–286 in Spafford Jacob, H., Dodd, J. and Moore, J. H. eds. Proceedings of the 13th Annual Australian Weeds Conference. Perth, Western Australia: Plant Protection Society of Western Australia.Google Scholar