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A Model for Predicting Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Emergence in Soybean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jason K. Norsworthy  and
Marcos J. Oliveira
Jason K. Norsworthy*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Marcos J. Oliveira
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Soils, and Plant Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: jnorswor@uark.edu
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Abstract

The objective of this research was to develop a model to predict common cocklebur seedling emergence in spring tillage and no-spring-tillage systems in the presence and absence of a soybean canopy. A Weibull function was used to accumulate heat units (i.e., growing degree days) at a 2.5 cm soil depth on days when mean soil temperature, soil water potential, and soil thermal fluctuation were above established thresholds. The base temperature, soil water potential, and soil thermal fluctuation thresholds used for model development were 17 C, −100 kPa, and 7.5 C, respectively. A single function adequately described common cocklebur seedling emergence in the presence and absence of drill-seeded soybean from data combined over an artificial (2004) and natural seedbank (2005) (R2 = 0.986). Model parameterization differed between the artificial and natural seedbank in the absence of spring tillage, but emergence was adequately described, regardless of soybean presence. Separate parameter estimates for the artificial and natural seedbanks were needed to adequately describe emergence in the system without spring tillage (R2 = 0.975 to 0.984). The ability of the model to account for reduced emergence when soil moisture is limited or when daily thermal fluctuation requirements are not met could assist practitioners with assessments associated with field scouting for weeds as well as other management decisions.

Keywords

Common cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L. XANSTsoybean, Glycine max (L.) MerrGrowing degree dayshydrothermal timesoil temperaturesoil thermal fluctuationsoil water potentialthermal timeweed emergence modeling
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 55 , Issue 4 , August 2007 , pp. 341 - 345
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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