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Soybean Canopy and Tillage Effects on Emergence of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) from a Natural Seed Bank

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Prashant Jha  and
Jason K. Norsworthy
Prashant Jha*
Affiliation:
University of Arkansas, Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
University of Arkansas, Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: pjha@uark.edu
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Abstract

Field experiments were conducted in 2004, 2005, and 2006, at Pendleton, SC, to determine the effects of soybean canopy and tillage on Palmer amaranth emergence from sites with a uniform population of Palmer amaranth. In 2006, the effect of soybean canopy was evaluated only in no-tillage plots. Palmer amaranth emerged from May 10 through October 23, May 13 through September 2, and April 28 through August 25 in 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively. Two to three consistent emergence periods occurred from early May through mid-July. Shallow (10-cm depth) spring tillage had minimal influence on the cumulative emergence of Palmer amaranth. Increase in light interception following soybean canopy formation was evident by early July, resulting in reduced Palmer amaranth emergence, especially in no-tillage conditions. In no-tillage plots, from 32 or 33 d after soybean emergence through senescence, Palmer amaranth emergence was reduced by 73 to 76% in plots with soybean compared with plots without soybean. Emergence of Palmer amaranth was favored by high-thermal soil amplitudes (10 to 16 C) in the absence of soybean. Of the total emergence during a season, > 90% occurred before soybean canopy closure. The seedling recruitment pattern of Palmer amaranth from this research suggests that, although Palmer amaranth exhibits an extended emergence period, cohorts during the peak emergence periods from early May to mid-July need greater attention in weed management.

Keywords

Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. AMAPAsoybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.Emergence patternssoybean canopytemporal weed emergencetillage
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 57 , Issue 6 , December 2009 , pp. 644 - 651
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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