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Effect of temperature on susceptibility of sunflower varieties to sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana) and Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Hanan Eizenberg ,
Joseph Hershenhorn ,
Dina Plakhine ,
Yeshaiahu Kleifeld ,
Danny Shtienberg  and
Baruch Rubin
Joseph Hershenhorn
Affiliation:
Department of Weed Research, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, The Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
Dina Plakhine
Affiliation:
Department of Weed Research, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, The Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
Yeshaiahu Kleifeld
Affiliation:
Department of Weed Research, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, The Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
Danny Shtienberg
Affiliation:
Department of Phytopathology, The Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), P.O. Box 6, Beit Dagan 50250, Israel
Baruch Rubin
Affiliation:
The Institute of Plant Science and Genetics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Abstract

Sunflower broomrape and Egyptian broomrape are two holoparasites of sunflower that cause severe yield loss. The aim of the current study was to clarify the relationship between temperature and sunflower broomrape and Egyptian broomrape parasitism of the resistant sunflower variety ‘Ambar’ (R) and the susceptible variety ‘Adi’ (S). Experiments were conducted in pots under controlled conditions in a multiclimate greenhouse at five temperature (day–night) regimes: 17:9 C, 20:12 C, 23:15 C, 26:18 C, and 29:21 C. The resistant confectionery sunflower variety (R) was susceptible to sunflower broomrape only at low temperature regimes of 17:9 C, whereas the S variety was highly susceptible from 29 to 9 C. Temperature correlated negatively with the number of sunflower broomrape and Egyptian broomrape shoots that emerged above the soil in the R variety, and positively in the S variety. The number of degenerated tubercles found on the roots of the resistant variety correlated positively with temperature in both sunflower broomrape and Egyptian broomrape. No such correlation could be found in the susceptible sunflower variety grown in the presence of these two parasites. The resistance response of the R variety to sunflower broomrape and Egyptian broomrape was similar regardless of temperature regime. Parasite seeds were successfully germinated and attached to the sunflower roots but the parasite at the infection site degenerated and died. On the other hand, the susceptible variety (S) was equally susceptible to Egyptian broomrape and sunflower broomrape in all the temperature regimes tested, and susceptibility increased as temperature increased.

Keywords

Sunflower broomrape, Orobanche cumana Wallr. ORACUEgyptian broomrape, Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers. ORAAEsunflower, Helianthus annuus L.Correlationresistance
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 51 , Issue 3 , June 2003 , pp. 279 - 286
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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